scholarly journals Obesity and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Amorim Amato ◽  
Hailey Britt Wheeler ◽  
Bruce Blumberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens are chemicals, including some EDCs that promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This “generational toxicology” is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.

scholarly journals The different effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through interaction with coactivator TRAP220 in uterine tissue

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Inoshita ◽  
H Masuyama ◽  
Y Hiramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) can alter endocrine functions through a variety of mechanisms, including nuclear receptor-mediated changes in protein synthesis, interference with membrane receptor binding, steroidogenesis or synthesis of other hormones. Although major chemicals have been shown to disrupt estrogenic actions mainly through their binding to estrogen receptor (ER) or androgen receptor, it is not clear how EDCs affect endocrine functions in vivo. We present evidence that the EDCs bisphenol A and phthalate activate ER-mediated transcription through interaction with TRAP220. Moreover, bisphenol A had positive effects on the interaction between ER-beta and TRAP220 and on the expression of ER-beta and TRAP220 compared with phthalate and estradiol in uterine tIssue. These data suggested that some EDCs might alter endocrine function through the change of the receptor and coactivator levels in uterine tIssue and through the different effect on the interaction between ERs and coactivator TRAP220.

scholarly journals From Cohorts to Molecules: Adverse Impacts of Endocrine Disrupting Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Birgersson ◽  
Gábor Borbély ◽  
Nicolò Caporale ◽  
Pierre-Luc Germain ◽  
Michelle Leemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

ABSTRACTConvergent evidence associates endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with major, increasingly-prevalent human disorders. Regulation requires elucidation of EDC-triggered molecular events causally linked to adverse health outcomes, but two factors limit their identification. First, experiments frequently use individual chemicals, whereas real life entails simultaneous exposure to multiple EDCs. Second, population-based and experimental studies are seldom integrated. This drawback was exacerbated until recently by lack of physiopathologically meaningful human experimental systems that link epidemiological data with results from model organisms.We developed a novel approach, integrating epidemiological with experimental evidence. Starting from 1,874 mother-child pairs we identified mixtures of chemicals, measured during early pregnancy, associated with language delay or low-birth weight in offspring. These mixtures were then tested on multiple complementary in vitro and in vivo models. We demonstrate that each EDC mixture, at levels found in pregnant women, disrupts hormone-regulated and disease-relevant gene regulatory networks at both the cellular and organismal scale.

scholarly journals Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Effects during Female Puberty: A Review of Current Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lucaccioni ◽  
Viola Trevisani ◽  
Lucia Marrozzini ◽  
Natascia Bertoncelli ◽  
Barbara Predieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Windows Of Susceptibility ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Temporal Windows

Puberty is the process of physical changes between childhood and adulthood during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. It is considered one of the main temporal windows of susceptibility for the influence of the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs may act as single chemical agents or as chemical mixtures; they can be pubertal influencers, accelerating and anticipating the processing of maturation of secondary sexual characteristics. Moreover, recent studies have started to point out how exposure to EDCs during puberty may predispose to breast cancer later in life. In fact, the estrogen-mimicking endocrine disruptors (EEDs) may influence breast tissue development during puberty in two main ways: the first is the action on the proliferation of the breast stromal cells, the second concerns epigenetic mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review was to better highlight what is new and what is not completely known regarding the role of EDCs during puberty.

scholarly journals In Vivo Testing System for Determining the Estrogenic Activity of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Goldfish (Carassius auratus).

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ishibashi ◽  
Katsuyasu Tachibana ◽  
Mutsuyosi Tsuchimoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Soyano ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
In Vivo Testing

scholarly journals Assessing exposure of young children to common endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home environment: a review and commentary of the questionnaire-based approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin English ◽  
Bridget Healy ◽  
Paul Jagals ◽  
Peter D. Sly
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Infants And Young Children

AbstractAlthough infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure, there is an absence of comprehensive exposure data for this age group. As young children spend the majority of their time indoors, improved methods of exposure assessment are needed to characterise the health risks from exposures in the home environment. Biologic assessment, which has been considered the gold standard for exposure assessment in recent years, is difficult to conduct in young children. Questionnaires are an alternative and indirect method of predicting exposure, which may overcome some of the limitations of direct exposure assessment.The feasibility of using a questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of young children to EDCs in the home has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, there is no one questionnaire that has been validated for predicting the exposure of infants to common EDCs in the home.The aim of this review is to discuss the use and validation of the questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of children to chemicals from three common classes of EDCs in the home, namely, plasticisers, flame retardants, and insecticides. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire-based approach as well as the important pathways of exposure in the home environment, by which to guide the design and validation of future exposure questionnaires.The findings from our review indicate that the questionnaire-based approach is a valuable tool in the prediction of exposure to persistent organic pollutants, as well as to toxicants that have consistent patterns of exposure. With improvements to the design and validation process, the questionnaire-based approach may also prove to be a reliable instrument in predicting exposure to EDCs with short-half lives, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides.

Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Wars: the Saga Continues: The Court Found the Commission in Failure to Act (and May Need to Strike Back Later)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-633
Author(s):  
Apolline J.C. Roger
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemical ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Structural Weakness ◽  
Biocidal Product Regulation ◽  
Biocidal Product

Case T-521/14, Kingdom of Sweden v European Commission, Judgment of the General Court (Third Chamber) of 16 December 2015, ECLI:EU:T:2015:976Case T-521/14 is a new stop on the perilous journey towards the appropriate regulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. The Biocidal Product Regulation required the Commission to adopt criteria defining endocrine disrupting properties by 13 December 2013; the deadline was not respected. Even though the failure to act was obvious, the Court's reasoning in T-521/14 matters greatly. It exposes a structural weakness in the EU's risk governance system by reminding the Commission that strong private opposition to regulatory action does not justify tampering with the level of environmental or health protection set by the legislator. The now adopted criteria indicate that this lesson was not taken to heart.

scholarly journals Environmental epigenetics: a role in endocrine disease?

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. R61-R67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby F Fleisch ◽  
Robert O Wright ◽  
Andrea A Baccarelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Environmental Epigenetics ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Endocrine disrupting chemicals that are structurally similar to steroid or amine hormones have the potential to mimic endocrine endpoints at the receptor level. However, more recently, epigenetic-induced alteration in gene expression has emerged as an alternative way in which environmental compounds may exert endocrine effects. We review concepts related to environmental epigenetics and relevance for endocrinology through three broad examples: 1) effect of early-life nutritional exposures on future obesity and insulin resistance, 2) effect of lifetime environmental exposures such as ionizing radiation on endocrine cancer risk, and 3) potential for compounds previously classified as endocrine disrupting to additionally or alternatively exert effects through epigenetic mechanisms. The field of environmental epigenetics is still nascent, and additional studies are needed to confirm and reinforce data derived from animal models and preliminary human studies. Current evidence suggests that environmental exposures may significantly impact expression of endocrine-related genes and thereby affect clinical endocrine outcomes.

scholarly journals Assessment and Molecular Actions of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals That Interfere with Estrogen Receptor Pathways

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenneg Kerdivel ◽  
Denis Habauzit ◽  
Farzad Pakdel
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Estrogen Signaling ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
And Function ◽  
Analytical Tools

In all vertebrate species, estrogens play a crucial role in the development, growth, and function of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. A large number of natural or synthetic chemicals present in the environment and diet can interfere with estrogen signaling; these chemicals are called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) or xenoestrogens. Some of these compounds have been shown to induce adverse effects on human and animal health, and some compounds are suspected to contribute to diverse disease development. Because xenoestrogens have varying sources and structures and could act in additive or synergistic effects when combined, they have multiple mechanisms of action. Consequently, an important panel ofin vivoandin vitrobioassays and chemical analytical tools was used to screen, evaluate, and characterize the potential impacts of these compounds on humans and animals. In this paper, we discuss different molecular actions of some of the major xenoestrogens found in food or the environment, and we summarize the current models used to evaluate environmental estrogens.

scholarly journals Membrane filtration in water recycling: removal of natural hormones

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.D. Nghiem ◽  
A.I. Schäfer ◽  
T.D. Waite
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Adsorptive Behavior ◽  
Stirred Cell ◽  
Natural Hormones

Recent detections of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in effluent are of great concern to sections of the community associated with the issue of water recycling. In vitro and in vivo studies by many researchers have confirmed the impacts of EDCs on trout at the common concentration encountered in sewage effluent. Amongst many types of EDCs the impacts of steroid estrogens such as estrone, estradiol (natural hormones) and ethinylestradiol (a synthetic hormone) are prominent as they have far higher endocrine-disrupting potency than other synthetic EDCs. Given the continuous developments in membrane technology, tertiary treatment using membrane processes has been identified as a promising technology to provide a safeguard to water recycling practice and to protect the environment. This paper investigates retention and adsorptive behavior of the natural hormones estrone and estradiol by two commercial low-pressure nanofiltration membranes TFC-SR2 and TFC-S, using dead end stirred cell systems. The removal phenomena of estradiol are similar to that of estrone. pH has been found to significantly influence the adsorption of estrone and estradiol by the membranes, presumably due to hydrogen bonding. This adsorption is critical in the risk of possible release of such hormones to the product waters. Total adsorbed amounts were calculated for standard membrane elements and are indeed important.

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