scholarly journals Characteristic gut microbiota and predicted metabolic functions in women with PCOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhou ◽  
Zhexin Ni ◽  
Wen Cheng ◽  
Jin Yu ◽  
Shuai Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
And Function

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease. Gut microbiota is closely related to many chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional study and recruited 30 obese (OG) and 30 non-obese (NG) women with PCOS, 30 healthy women (NC) and 11 healthy but obese women (OC) as controls to investigate the characteristic gut microbiota and its metabolic functions in obese and non-obese patients with PCOS. The blood and non-menstrual faecal samples of all the participants were collected and analysed. As a result, the Hirsutism score, LH/FSH and serum T level in NG and OG both increased significantly compared with their controls (P < 0.05). High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota changed in patients with PCOS. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) indicated that Lactococcus was the characteristic gut microbiota in NG, while Coprococcus_2 in OG. Correlation heatmap analysis revealed that the sex hormones and insulin levels in human serum were closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota of NG and OG. Functional prediction analysis demonstrated that the citrate cycle pathway enriched both in NG and OG, and other 12 gut bacterial metabolic pathways enriched in NG. This study highlighted significant differences in the gut microbiota and predictive functions of obese and non-obese women with PCOS, thereby providing insights into the role and function of the gut microbiota that may contribute to the occurrence and development of PCOS in obese and non-obese women.

scholarly journals Changes in gut microbiota composition and their associations with cortisol, melatonin and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic insomnia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Masyutina ◽  
LN Gumenyuk ◽  
YuV Fatovenko ◽  
LE Sorokina ◽  
SS Bayramova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional

The relationship between the gut microbiota and chronic insomnia remains understudied. The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and their associations with the levels of cortisol, melatonin and IL6 in patients with chronic insomnia. Our comparative prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with chronic insomnia, who formed the main group (female patients: 58.2%, male patients: 41.8%; mean age 31.6 ± 7.4 years), and 50 healthy volunteers, who comprised the control group (females: 68.0%, males: 32.0%; mean age 33.2 ± 6.6 years). The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma cortisol and IL 6 and urine melatonin were measured by means of ELISA. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In patients with chronic insomnia, the abundance of Faecalibacterium (p = 0.048), Prevotella 9 (p < 0.001) and Lachnospira (p = 0.036) was lower, whereas the abundance of Blautia (p = 0.012) and Eubacteriumhallii (p = 0.003) was higher than in healthy volunteers. Significant correlations were established between the levels of IL6 and the abundance of Faecalibacterium (r = –0.44; p = 0.001) and Blautia (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), as well as between cortisol concentrations and the abundance of Lachnospira (r = –0.41; p = 0.048). The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Blautiaс was correlated with higher PSQI (r = –0.47, p = 0.001; r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). Our study contributed to the pool of data about changes in the gut microbiota and their associations with some endocrine and inflammation markers in patients with chronic insomnia. These data can be exploited to propose new strategies for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia aimed at normalizing the patient’s gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam Halboub ◽  
Mohammed Alakhali ◽  
Abdulwahhab H. Al-Amir ◽  
Husham E. Homeida ◽  
Divyashri Baraniya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Rothia Mucilaginosa ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This cross sectional study sought to assess the effect of using shammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from twenty-nine shammah users (SU; 27.34±6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7±7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R. Results A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus , Leptotrichia , Actinomyces , Veillonella , Haemophilus , Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P=0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa , Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri , Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU. Conclusion Shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes that may be relevant to oral carcinogenesis, namely enrichment of species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Contrasting gut microbiota in captive Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) by age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Okamoto ◽  
Natsumi Ichinohe ◽  
Cheolwoon Woo ◽  
Sung-Yong Han ◽  
Hyeong-Hoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Function

AbstractUnderstanding the gut microbiota characteristics of endangered species such as the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), especially in their early stages of life, could be essential for improving their management and ex situ conservation strategies. Here, we analyzed the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function of captive Eurasian otters at different ages using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that: (1) Clostridiaceae was abundant in all age stages; (2) Lactococcus in cubs is thought to predominate for digesting milk; (3) bacteria associated with amino acid metabolism increase with age, while bacteria associated with carbohydrate metabolism decrease with age, which is likely due to decrease in dietary carbohydrate content (e.g., milk) and increase in dietary protein contents (e.g., fishes) with age; and (4) fish-related bacteria were detected in feces of healthy adults and juveniles. Overall, the gut microbiota of captive Eurasian otters was taxonomically and functionally different by age, which is thought to be attributed to the difference in the diet in their life stages. This study provided baseline information regarding the gut microbiota of Eurasian otters for the first time and contributes to improvement in their management in captivity.

scholarly journals Tongue microbiome of smokeless tobacco users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esam Halboub ◽  
Mohammed Alakhali ◽  
Abdulwahhab H. Al-Amir ◽  
Husham E. Homeida ◽  
Divyashri Baraniya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Rothia Mucilaginosa ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background: The possibility that smokeless tobacco may contribute to oral carcinogenesis by influencing the oral microbiome has not been explored. This cross sectional study sought to assess the effect of using hammah, a form of smokeless tobacco prevalent in Arabia, on the tongue microbiome. Tongue scarping samples were obtained from twenty-nine shammah users (SU; 27.34±6.9 years) and 23 shammah non-users (SNU; 27.7±7.19 years) and analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V1-V3). Species-level taxonomy assignment of the high-quality, merged reads was obtained using a previously described BLASTn-based algorithm. Downstream analyses were performed with QIIME, LEfSe, and R.Results: A total of 178 species, belonging to 62 genera and 8 phyla were identified. Genera Streptococcus , Leptotrichia , Actinomyces , Veillonella , Haemophilus , Prevotella and Neisseria accounted for more than 60% of the average microbiome. There were no differences between the two groups in species richness and alpha-diversity, but PCoA showed significant separation (P=0.015, ANOSIM). LEfSe analysis identified 22 species to be differentially abundant between the SU and SNU. However, only 7 species maintained a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.2 and could cluster the two groups separately: Rothia mucilaginosa , Streptococcus sp. oral taxon 66, Actinomyces meyeri , Streptococcus vestibularis Streptococcus sanguinis and a potentially novel Veillonella species in association with SU, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum with SNU.Conclusion: Shammah use induces tongue microbiome changes that may be relevant to oral carcinogenesis, namely enrichment of species with high acetaldehyde production potential, which warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Composition across Normal Range Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Han-Na Kim ◽  
Jae-Heon Kim ◽  
Yoosoo Chang ◽  
Dongmin Yang ◽  
Hyung-Lae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Animal studies have shown the interaction between androgens and the gut microbiome directly and indirectly; however, limited evidence from human studies is available. To evaluate the association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels within the normal range, reflective of androgen receptor activity, and the gut microbiota composition, a cross-sectional analysis was performed in 759 Korean men aged between 25 and 78 years with normal PSA levels of ≤4.0 ng/mL. We evaluated the biodiversity of gut microbiota as well as the taxonomic and functional signatures associated with PSA levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. PSA levels within the normal range were categorized into three groups: lowest quartile (G1), interquartile range (G2, reference), and highest quartile (G3). The G3 group had higher microbial richness than the G2 group, although it was dominated by a few bacteria. An increase in Escherichia/Shigella abundance and a reduction in Megamonas abundance in the G3 group were also detected. A U-shaped relationship was observed between the three groups across most analyses, including biodiversity, taxonomic composition, and inferred pathways in the gut microbiota. This study showed different microbiota patterns across PSA levels within the normal range. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of microbiota in regulating PSA levels.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Liver Fibrosis: One Potential Biomarker for Predicting Liver Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhiming Li ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and liver fibrosis and establish a microbiota biomarker for detecting and staging liver fibrosis. Methods. 131 Wistar rats were used in our study, and liver fibrosis was induced by carbon tetrachloride. Stool samples were collected within 72 hours after the last administration. The V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene were amplified. The sequencing data was processed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME version 1.9). The diversity, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) were performed. Random-Forest classification was performed for discriminating the samples from different groups. Microbial function was assessed using the PICRUST. Results. The Simpson in the control group was lower than that in the liver fibrosis group (p=0.048) and differed significantly among different fibrosis stages (p=0.047). The Chao1 index in the control group was higher than that in the liver fibrosis group (p<0.001). NMDS analysis showed a marked difference between the control and liver fibrosis groups (p<0.001). PCoA analysis indicated the different community composition between the control and liver fibrosis groups with variances of PC1 13.76% and PC2 5.89% and between different liver fibrosis stages with variances of PC1 10.51% and PC2 7.78%. LEfSe analysis showed alteration of gut microbiota in the liver fibrosis group. Biomarkers obtained from Random-Forest classification showed excellent diagnostic accuracy in prediction of liver fibrosis with AUROCs of 0.99. The AUROCs were 0.77~0.84 in prediction of stage F4. There were six increased and 17 decreased metabolic functions in the liver fibrosis group and 6 metabolic functions significantly differed among four liver fibrosis stages. Conclusion. Gut microbiota is a potential biomarker for detecting and staging liver fibrosis with high diagnostic accuracies.

scholarly journals Altered Gut Microbiota Associated with Hemorrhage in Chronic Radiation Proctitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangzhe Liu ◽  
Bingcheng Chen ◽  
Chaoyun Chen ◽  
Chen Ding ◽  
Nana Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Radiation Proctitis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Chronic Radiation Proctitis ◽  
Chronic Radiation ◽  
Pelvic Cancer ◽  
Metagenomic Study ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: Pelvic cancer radiotherapy may cause chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) that adversely affects patient’s quality of life. Here, we aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of CRP patients and reveal the association of dysbiosis and hematochezia. A comparative metagenomic study of CRP with and without hematochezia was conducted by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Different patterns of dysbiosis were observed in CRP patients with and without hematochezia. The abundance of Bacteroides was higher in CRP patients without hematochezia. The Verrucomicrobia phylum was enriched while the compositions of the Enterobacteriales family and the Porphyromonadaceae genus were relatively lower in the microbiota of CRP patients with hematochezia. PICRUSt analysis suggested that the expression of Fe-S protein, Glutathione peroxidase and Glutaredoxin-related protein were increased, indicating an exacerbated inflammation state in hematochezia patients. Conclusions: This study provides new insight to the altered composition and function of gut microbiota in patients with hematochezia, implying the link of CRP symptom and bacterial ecosystem on rectal epithelial layer.

scholarly journals Detection of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus using mec a, ribotyping and antibiogram profile of Pakistani clinical isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeela Fatima ◽  
Imran Sajid ◽  
Saba Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA with their antibiotic susceptibility pattern and molecular characterization of these strains. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Microbiology section of Citilab and Research Centre, Lahore. Period: March 2014 to June 2016. Materials and Methods: Bacterial isolates were retrieved from different specimens of pus/wound, blood and other body fluids. These were characterized using conventional (catalase, DNase, coagulase etc), phenotypic and molecular techniques (oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and mec-A gene) methods of identification. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern was also detected by applying standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of all the isolated strains, the frequency of MSSA (methicillin sensitive Staphylococcu saureus) was more than the MRSA and it was found that the male patients were more affected than the female patients. All of the isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and oxacillin while most of them showed positive band of mec-A gene. All of the MRSA isolates showed resistant to penicillin followed by azithromycin, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, while these strains were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin, followed by teicoplanin, fosfomycin and fusidic acid. Conclusion: In conclusion, proper diagnosis of MRSA required conventional, phenotypic molecular techniques in our hospital diagnostic settings. This will help in choosing the effective antibiotics combat the infection.

scholarly journals Psoriasis is associated with elevated gut IL-1α and intestinal microbiome alterations: results of a cross-sectional study from Central Asia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Yegorov ◽  
Dmitriy Babenko ◽  
Samat Kozhakhmetov ◽  
Lyudmila Akhmaltdinova ◽  
Irina Kadyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition

Objective: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that predominantly affects the skin and is associated with extracutaneous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and arthritis. Changes in gut immunology and microbiota are important drivers of proinflammatory disorders and could play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Therefore, we explored whether psoriasis in a Central Asian cohort is associated with alterations in select immunological markers and/or microbiota of the gut. Setting: We assessed correlates of psoriasis in a community from Kazakhstan. Participants: Outpatients, aged 30-45 years, of a dermatology clinic presenting with plaque, guttate or palmoplantar psoriasis (n=20), and age-sex matched subjects without psoriasis (n=20). Design: We undertook a cross-sectional study of stool samples. Stool supernatant was subjected to multiplex ELISA to assess the concentration of 47 cytokines and immunoglobulins and to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial diversity in both psoriasis+ participants and controls. Results: The psoriasis+ group tended to have higher concentrations of most analytes in stool (29/47=61.7%) and gut IL-1α was significantly elevated (4.19-fold, p=0.007) compared to controls. Psoriasis was associated with alterations in gut Firmicutes, including elevated Faecalibacterium and decreased Oscillibacter and Roseburia abundance, but no association was observed between gut microbial diversity or Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and disease status. Conclusions: Psoriasis may be associated with gut inflammation and dysbiosis. Studies are warranted to explore the use of gut microbiome-focused therapies in the management of psoriasis in this under-studied population.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Metabolome Alterations Associated with Chinese Monks’ Practice

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Qiao ◽  
Ganghua Lu ◽  
Zhongwei Lv ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Chengyou Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mental Events ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundThe practices of monks mainly include long-term vegetarianism and meditation, which are likely to fundamentally influence the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. We aim to study the relationship between the practices of Chinese monks and gut microbiotas and metabolites.MethodsTwenty-four monks and forty-eight omnivorous controls (never meditated) were included. The microbiotas of all samples were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metabolomes were examined by nontargeted LC–MS metabolomics. Twenty-four monks were divided into the H group and the L group according to the median time of practice, and microbiota and metabolite analyses were carried out in the two groups.ResultsMicrobial communities and metabolites were decreased in monks. Bacteroidetes was increased in monks, while the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios were decreased. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Roseburia, norank_f__Lachnospiraceae, etc. were higher in monks, while Blautia, Eubacterium__hallii_group, Bifidobacteria, etc. were lower (all p < 0.05). Most identical KEGG categories in both Tax4Fun and PICRUSt2 were related to metabolism (6/8, 75.0%). Most higher abundance genera were positively correlated with higher abundance metabolites in monks, indicating that intestinal flora significantly affects intestinal metabolic function. Lipids and lipid-like molecules were the major differential metabolites (VIP >2, p < 0.05) in the two groups. L-dopa plays an important role in many metabolic pathways in monks. Prevotella_9 was enriched in the L group, while norank_f__Lachnospiraceae was enriched in the H group. DG (16:0/18:0/0:0) was highly expressed in the H group and participated in sixteen KEGG functional pathways as well as many immune-related KEGG enrichment pathways.ConclusionThe monks' lifestyle practices of vegetarianism and meditation have the potential to modulate human metabolism and function by affecting the gut microbial composition and metabolites. The appropriate practice of monks makes the intestine younger and increases immunity, but long-term practice may cause adverse physical and mental events.

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