In-vivo high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography assessment of skeletal microstructure in children with osteogenesis imperfecta

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Digby ◽  
Paul Dimitri ◽  
Paul Arundel ◽  
Nick Bishop ◽  
Margaret Paggiosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Computer Tomography

scholarly journals In-vivo vascular application via ultra-fast bioprinting for future 5D personalised nanomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Foresti ◽  
Stefano Rossi ◽  
Silvana Pinelli ◽  
Rossella Alinovi ◽  
Corrado Sciancalepore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Fluorescent Nanoparticles ◽  
Computer Tomography Scan

Abstract The design of 3D complex structures enables new correlation studies between the engineering parameters and the biological activity. Moreover, additive manufacturing technology could revolutionise the personalised medical pre-operative management due to its possibility to interplay with computer tomography. Here we present a method based on rapid freeze prototyping (RFP) 3D printer, reconstruction cutting, nano dry formulation, fast freeze gelation, disinfection and partial processes for the 5D digital models functionalisation. We elaborated the high-resolution computer tomography scan derived from a complex human peripheral artery and we reconstructed the 3D model of the vessel in order to obtain and verify the additive manufacturing processes. Then, based on the drug-eluting balloon selected for the percutaneous intervention, we reconstructed the biocompatible eluting-freeform coating containing 40 nm fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) by means of RFP printer and we tested the in-vivo feasibility. We introduced the NPs-loaded 5D device in a rat’s vena cava. The coating dissolved in a few minutes releasing NPs which were rapidly absorbed in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) in-vitro. We developed 5D high-resolution self-dissolving devices incorporating NPs with the perspective to apply this method to the personalised medicine.

scholarly journals Optimization of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with a supercontinuum source for in vivo motion detection of low reflective outer hair cells in guinea pig cochleae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Nin ◽  
Samuel Choi ◽  
Takeru Ota ◽  
Zhang Qi ◽  
Hiroshi Hibino
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Outer Hair Cells ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Total Acquisition Time ◽  
Sd Oct

AbstractSound evokes sub-nanoscale vibration within the sensory epithelium. The epithelium contains not only immotile cells but also contractile outer hair cells (OHCs) that actively shrink and elongate synchronously with the sound. However, the in vivo motion of OHCs has remained undetermined. The aim of this work is to perform high-resolution and -accuracy vibrometry in live guinea pigs with an SC-introduced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography system (SD-OCT). In this study, to reveal the effective contribution of SC source in the recording of the low reflective materials with the short total acquisition time, we compare the performances of the SC-introduced SD-OCT (SCSD-OCT) to that of the conventional SD-OCT. As inanimate comparison objects, we record a mirror, a piezo actuator, and glass windows. For the measurements in biological materials, we use in/ex vivo guinea pig cochleae. Our study achieved the optimization of a SD-OCT system for high-resolution in vivo vibrometry in the cochlear sensory epithelium, termed the organ of Corti, in mammalian cochlea. By introducing a supercontinuum (SC) light source and reducing the total acquisition time, we improve the axial resolution and overcome the difficulty in recording the low reflective material in the presence of biological noise. The high power of the SC source enables the system to achieve a spatial resolution of 1.72 ± 0.00 μm on a mirror and reducing the total acquisition time contributes to the high spatial accuracy of sub-nanoscale vibrometry. Our findings reveal the vibrations at the apical/basal region of OHCs and the extracellular matrix, basilar membrane.

scholarly journals Iron accumulation in the oculomotor nerve of the progressive supranuclear palsy brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Lee ◽  
Myung Jun Lee ◽  
Eun-Joo Kim ◽  
Gi Yeong Huh ◽  
Jae-Hyeok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Myelinated Fiber ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Icp Ms

AbstractAbnormal iron accumulation around the substantia nigra (SN) is a diagnostic indicator of Parkinsonism. This study aimed to identify iron-related microarchitectural changes around the SN of brains with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) via postmortem validations and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 7 T high-resolution MRI was applied to two postmortem brain tissues, from one normal brain and one PSP brain. Histopathological examinations were performed to demonstrate the molecular origin of the high-resolution postmortem MRI findings, by using ferric iron staining, myelin staining, and two-dimensional laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) imaging. In vivo iron-related MRI was performed on five healthy controls, five patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and five patients with PSP. In the postmortem examination, excessive iron deposition along the myelinated fiber at the anterior SN and third cranial nerve (oculomotor nerve) fascicles of the PSP brain was verified by LA-ICP-MS. This region corresponded to those with high R2* values and positive susceptibility from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), but was less sensitive in Perls’ Prussian blue staining. In in vivo susceptibility-weighted imaging, hypointense pixels were observed in the region between the SN and red nucleus (RN) in patients with PSP, but not in healthy controls and patients with PD. R2* and QSM values of such region were significantly higher in patients with PSP compared to those in healthy controls and patients with PD as well (vs. healthy control: p = 0.008; vs. PD: p = 0.008). Thus, excessive iron accumulation along the myelinated fibers at the anterior SN and oculomotor nerve fascicles may be a pathological characteristic and crucial MR biomarker in a brain with PSP.

scholarly journals High-resolution in vivo imaging of rhesus cerebral cortex with ultrafast portable photoacoustic microscopy

NeuroImage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 118260
Author(s):  
Wei Qin ◽  
Qi Gan ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Yongchao Wang ◽  
Weizhi Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Photoacoustic Microscopy

scholarly journals Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase genes in Nigerian children with uncomplicated malaria using high-resolution melting technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi T. Kayode ◽  
Fehintola V. Ajogbasile ◽  
Kazeem Akano ◽  
Jessica N. Uwanibe ◽  
Paul E. Oluniyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Uncomplicated Malaria ◽  
High Resolution Melting ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention

AbstractIn 2005, the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Health revised the treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria with the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). This policy change discouraged the use of Sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as the second-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. However, SP is used as an intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) and seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in children aged 3–59 months. There have been increasing reports of SP resistance especially in the non-pregnant population in Nigeria, thus, the need to continually monitor the efficacy of SP as IPTp and SMC by estimating polymorphisms in dihydropteroate synthetase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) genes associated with SP resistance. The high resolution-melting (HRM) assay was used to investigate polymorphisms in codons 51, 59, 108 and 164 of the dhfr gene and codons 437, 540, 581 and 613 of the dhps gene. DNA was extracted from 271 dried bloodspot filter paper samples obtained from children (< 5 years old) with uncomplicated malaria. The dhfr triple mutant I51R59N108, dhps double mutant G437G581 and quadruple dhfr I51R59N108 + dhps G437 mutant haplotypes were observed in 80.8%, 13.7% and 52.8% parasites, respectively. Although the quintuple dhfr I51R59N108 + dhps G437E540 and sextuple dhfr I51R59N108 + dhps G437E540G581 mutant haplotypes linked with in-vivo and in-vitro SP resistance were not detected, constant surveillance of these haplotypes should be done in the country to detect any change in prevalence.

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