Expression and function of glutamate transporters in mouse primary osteoblasts

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xie ◽  
Silvia Dolder ◽  
Mark Siegrist ◽  
Antoinette Wetterwald ◽  
Willy Hofstetter
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts ◽  
And Function

Influence of increased mechanical loading by hypergravity on the microtubule cytoskeleton and prostaglandin E2 release in primary osteoblasts

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. C148-C158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy D. Searby ◽  
Charles R. Steele ◽  
Ruth K. Globus
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Paracrine Factor ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts ◽  
And Function

Cells respond to a wide range of mechanical stimuli such as fluid shear and strain, although the contribution of gravity to cell structure and function is not understood. We hypothesized that bone-forming osteoblasts are sensitive to increased mechanical loading by hypergravity. A centrifuge suitable for cell culture was developed and validated, and then primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts at various stages of differentiation were mechanically loaded using hypergravity. We measured microtubule network morphology as well as release of the paracrine factor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In immature osteoblasts, a stimulus of 10× gravity (10 g) for 3 h increased PGE2 2.5-fold and decreased microtubule network height 1.12-fold without affecting cell viability. Hypergravity (3 h) caused dose-dependent (5–50 g) increases in PGE2 (5.3-fold at 50 g) and decreases (1.26-fold at 50 g) in microtubule network height. PGE2 release depended on duration but not orientation of the hypergravity load. As osteoblasts differentiated, sensitivity to hypergravity declined. We conclude that primary osteoblasts demonstrate dose- and duration-dependent sensitivity to gravitational loading, which appears to be blunted in mature osteoblasts.

Structure and Function of Prokaryotic Glutamate Transporters fromEscherichia coli and Pyrococcus horikoshii†

Biochemistry ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (42) ◽  
pp. 12796-12805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Raunser ◽  
Matthias Appel ◽  
Constanta Ganea ◽  
Ulrike Geldmacher-Kaufer ◽  
Klaus Fendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Pyrococcus Horikoshii ◽  
Fromescherichia Coli ◽  
And Function

Increased expression and function of glutamate transporters in multiple sclerosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi ◽  
María Domercq ◽  
Fernando Pérez-Cerdá ◽  
Rivka Ravid ◽  
Carlos Matute
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals DNA Methylation-Dependent Translational Control of Glutamate Transporters in Cultured Radial Glia Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada G Rodríguez-Campuzano ◽  
Luisa C. Hernández-Kelly ◽  
Arturo Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
And Function

Abstract Exposure to xenobiotics has a significant impact in brain physiology, that could be liked to an excitotoxic processes induced by a massive release of the main excitatory neurotransmitter, L-glutamate. Overstimulation of post-synaptic and extra-synaptic glutamate receptors leads to a disturbance of intracellular calcium homeostasis that is critically involved in neuronal death. Hence, glutamate extracellular levels are tightly regulated through its uptake by glial glutamate transporters. It has been observed that glutamate regulates its own removal, both in the short-time frame via a transporter-mediated decrease in the uptake, and in the long-term through the transcriptional control of its gene expression, a process mediated by glutamate receptors that involves the Ca2+/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase and the transcription factor Ying Yang 1. Taking into consideration that this transcription factor is as a member of the Polycomb complex and thus, part of repressive and activating chromatin remodeling factors, it might direct the interaction of DNA methyltransferases or dioxygenases of methylated cytosines to their target sequences. Since glial glutamate transporters promoters are targets of Ying-Yang 1, in this contribution, we explored the role of dynamic DNA methylation in the expression and function of glial glutamate transporters. To this end, we used the well-characterized models of primary cultures of chick cerebellar Bergmann glia cells and a human retina-derived Müller glia cell line. A time and dose-dependent increase in global DNA methylation was found upon glutamate exposure. Under hypomethylation conditions, both glial glutamate transporters expression and function were increased. These results, favor the notion that a dynamic methylation program triggered by glutamate in glia cells modulates one of its major functions: glutamate removal.

scholarly journals Effects of water extract ofCajanus cajanleaves on differentiation and function of primary osteoblasts and osteoclastsin vitro

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinchao ◽  
Ba Cuilan ◽  
Ji Xiaoyu ◽  
Shen Shigang ◽  
Yang Mengsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Primary Osteoblasts ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Localization and function of five glutamate transporters cloned from the salamander retina

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Eliasof ◽  
Jeffrey L Arriza ◽  
Barbara H Leighton ◽  
Susan G Amara ◽  
Michael P Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
And Function

Amyloid-beta peptide decreases expression and function of glutamate transporters in nervous system cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huichun Tong ◽  
Xiuping Zhang ◽  
Xingjun Meng ◽  
Pingyi Xu ◽  
Xiaoming Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptide ◽  
Beta Peptide ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Glutamate Transporters: Expression and Function in Oligodendrocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Suárez-Pozos ◽  
Elizabeth J. Thomason ◽  
Babette Fuss
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Transporters ◽  
And Function
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