Human placental lactogen inhibits growth without changing serum levels of IGF-1 in rats: an apparent specific action of the hormone

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi H Chiang ◽  
Charles S Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epiphyseal Plate ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal ◽  
Plate Width

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that the internal environment of rats has reduced growth-promoting activity during the second half of gestation and this condition is associated with resistance to the anabolic effects of GH. The placenta appears to be responsible for this condition but injections of estradiol plus progesterone into virgin females did not mimic it. Accordingly, it seemed worthwhile to test the effects of a placental lactogen (PL) for possible growth inhibitory effects. In the present study the effects of human (h)PL on skeletal growth in young female rats and on the growth of embryonic tissue transplants under their kidney capsules were investigated. Human (h) and bovine (b) GH, and ovine prolactin (oPRL) were also tested to determine whether the results obtained with hPL were specific. Twice daily subcutaneous injections of a high dose of hPL (10mg/day), but not of oPRL (5 mg/day) for 7 days inhibited both host tail growth and tibial epiphyseal plate width, and growth of whole 10-day embryo transplants. Injections of hGH at 1 mg/day for 8 days significantly increased host skeletal growth and growth of 12-day embryonic head transplants; at the same dose, neither bGH nor oPRL affected growth of the embryonic heads or of the host tibial epiphyseal plate width, but the bGH increased host tail growth. By contrast, the 1 mg/day dose of hPL significantly reduced the host's tibial epiphyseal plate width, tail growth, and transplant growth; lower doses of hPL (10 and 100 μg/day) were also inhibitory. Although all the hormone treatments increased total serum IGF-1 levels in the females, none of them had a significant effect when compared to saline injected control animals. Thus, the growth-inhibitory effects of hPL treatment appear to be specific to that hormone and they are not mediated by depression of serum IGF-1 levels. If these effects of hPL are mimicked by one or more of the rodent PLs, then the reduced growth-promoting activity and resistance to GH action that occurs in pregnant rats could be due to the rat PLs. These results indicate that in addition to having glucose-sparing effects in the mother, PLs could promote fetal growth by inhibiting growth of maternal tissues, which would thus spare other metabolites, such as amino acids and vitamins, for the conceptus.

MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TIBIAL GROWTH CARTILAGE IN VARIOUS FORMS OF DWARFISM

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stanescu ◽  
R. Stanescu ◽  
J. A. Szirmai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Chondroitin Sulphate ◽  
Epiphyseal Plate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Resistant Rickets ◽  
Pooled Samples ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

ABSTRACT Microchemical determinations of glycosaminoglycans and collagen were preformed in isolated histological zones from sections of tibial epiphyseal plate biopsies obtained from children with growth disorders (pituitary dwarfism, congenital myxoedema, Turner's syndrome, Noonan's syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, vitamin D resistant rickets and achondroplasia). Alternate sections were used for histochemical localization of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The values were compared with those found in comparable zones of the growth plate from normal children of the same age. The chondroitin sulphate concentration (% of defatted dry wt.) in the normal epiphyseal plate increased from the resting zone towards the proliferating/hypertrophic zone; collagen exhibited a reverse trend. In some of the pathological biopsies the concentration of chondroitin sulphate was slightly decreased whereas that of collagen was slightly increased. A marked increase in the collagen concentration was found in achondroplasia. The solubility profiles of the cetylpyridinium complexes of the chondroitin sulphate fraction showed three main peaks with slight but characteristic differences in the various zones of the normal cartilage plate. Significant shifts in the proportion of these peaks were observed in several pathological biopsies, indicating possible deviations from the normal molecular characteristics of the chondroitin sulphate. Analysis of the main chondroitin sulphate fraction, obtained from pooled samples of normal tibial growth plate after fractionation on the macroscale, indicated that all three peaks contained both chondroitin-4 sulphate and chondroitin-6 sulphate and that they probably differed in their molecular weight.

scholarly journals The roles of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in sustainable vegetable production in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mekonnen ◽  
Mulugeta Kibret
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

AbstractVegetable production is an important economic activity and a major source of vitamins, minerals, and income in Ethiopia. However, the production of vegetables is much less developed than the production of food grains in the country. Vegetable production still needs improvement in combating biotic and abiotic threats with innovative technologies. Nowadays, excess use of chemical fertilizers to satisfy the increasing demand for food exerts deadly effects on soil microorganisms and contribute to the deterioration of soil fertility and an increase in atmospheric pollution. Several types of research are still going on to understand the diversity and importance of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their role in the betterment of vegetable production. PGPR facilitate plant growth directly by either assisting in the acquisition of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential nutrients) or regulation of the levels of hormones. Indirectly PGPR decrease the inhibitory effects of various pathogens on vegetable growth and development in the forms of biocontrol agents. Some of the notable PGPR capable of facilitating the growth of vegetables such as potato, tomato, pepper, onion belong to genera of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Enterobacter, and Azospirillum. Hence, to optimize vegetable production with reduced input of mineral fertilizers and pesticides, the use of PGPR in vegetable cultivation is recommended.

scholarly journals Growth Inhibitory Effects of Ester Derivatives of Menahydroquinone-4, the Reduced Form of Vitamin K2(20), on All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Resistant HL60 Cell Line

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Yamakawa ◽  
Shuichi Setoguchi ◽  
Shotaro Goto ◽  
Daisuke Watase ◽  
Kazuki Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin K2 ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hl60 Cells ◽  
Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Derivatives Of

The first-choice drug for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), frequently causes drug-resistance and some adverse effects. Thus, an effective and safe agent for ATRA-resistant APL is needed. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K2(20)), used for osteoporosis treatment, does not have serious adverse effects. It has been reported that MK-4 has growth-inhibitory effects on HL60 cells by inducing apoptosis via the activation of Bcl-2 antagonist killer 1 (BAK). However, the effect of MK-4 on ATRA-resistant APL has not been reported. Here, we show that ester derivatives of menahydroquinone-4 (MKH; a reduced form of MK-4), MKH 1,4-bis-N,N-dimethylglycinate (MKH-DMG) and MKH 1,4-bis-hemi-succinate (MKH-SUC), exerted strong growth-inhibitory effects even on ATRA-resistant HL60 (HL-60R) cells compared with ATRA and MK-4. MKH delivery after MKH-SUC treatment was higher than that after MK-4 treatment, and the results indicated apoptosis induced by BAK activation. In contrast, for MKH-DMG, reconversion to MKH was slow and apoptosis was not observed. We suggest that the ester forms, including monoesters of MKH-DMG, exhibit another mechanism independent of apoptosis. In conclusion, the MKH derivatives (MKH-SUC and MKH-DMG) inhibited not only HL60 cells but also HL-60R cells, indicating a potential to overcome ATRA resistance.

scholarly journals Trichostatin A downregulates bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins to suppress osimertinib resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Meng ◽  
Xixi Qian ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Shengjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Terminal Proteins ◽  
P Cells

Abstract Background The third-generation epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have shown significant therapeutic effects on patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who carry active EGFR mutations, as well as those who have developed acquired resistance to the first-generation of EGFR-TKIs due to the T790M mutation. However, most patients develop drug resistance after 8–10 months of treatment. Currently, the mechanism has not been well clarified, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Methods Osimertinib resistant cell lines were established by culturing sensitive cells in chronically increasing doses of osimertinib. The anticancer effect of reagents was examined both in vitro and in vivo using the sulforhodamine B assay and a xenograft mouse model. The molecular signals were detected by western blotting. The combination effect was analyzed using CompuSyn software. Results We found that bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (BETs) were upregulated in osimertinib resistant (H1975-OR) cells compared with those in the paired parental cells (H1975-P), and that knockdown of BETs significantly inhibited the growth of H1975-OR cells. The BET inhibitor JQ1 also exhibited stronger growth-inhibitory effects on H1975-OR cells and a greater expression of BETs and the downstream effector c-Myc than were observed in H1975-P cells. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) showed stronger growth suppression in H1975-OR cells than in H1975-P cells, but vorinostat, another HDAC inhibitor, showed equal inhibitory efficacy in both cell types. Consistently, downregulation of BET and c-Myc expression was greater with TSA than with vorinostat. TSA restrained the growth of H1975-OR and H1975-P xenograft tumors. The combination of TSA and JQ1 showed synergistic growth-inhibitory effects in parallel with decreased BET and c-Myc expression in both H1975-OR and H1975-P cells and in xenograft nude mouse models. BETs were not upregulated in osimertinib resistant HCC827 cells compared with parental cells, while TSA and vorinostat exhibited equal inhibitory effects on both cell types. Conclusion Upregulation of BETs contributed to the osimertinib resistance of H1975 cells. TSA downregulated BET expression and enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of JQ1 both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provided new strategies for the treatment of osimertinib resistance.

The physiology of teichoic acid deficient staphylococci

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Tse Ou ◽  
A. N. Chatterjee ◽  
F. E. Young ◽  
R. E. Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Parent Strain ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Phosphate Groups

Cell walls isolated from a teichoic acid deficient mutant (52A5) of Staphylococcus aureus strain H were found to have lower capacities to bind cations than did walls of the parent strain. Both types of walls had higher binding affinities for Mg2+ and Ca2+ than for K+ and Na+. The reduced number of phosphate groups in 52A5 walls was reflected in a higher apparent pKa of 4.3 for displacement of Mg2+ (or Ca2+) during acid titration with HCl. The comparable pKa value for displacement of bound Mg2+ from parent-strain walls was 3.7. The reduced capacity of 52A5 walls to bind cations was not reflected in any significant increase in sensitivity to the growth inhibitory actions of ethylenediaminetetraacetate, low pH, or high NaCl concentrations. However, the 52A5 strain was somewhat more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of high pH. Also, mutant walls were found to be structurally more compact than walls of the parent strain, presumably because of less extensive electrostatic repulsion within the wall matrix.

Mechanisms of the growth inhibitory effects of the isoflavonoid biochanin A on LNCaP cells and xenografts

The Prostate ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Rice ◽  
Von G. Samedi ◽  
Theresa A. Medrano ◽  
Carol A. Sweeney ◽  
Henry V. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochanin A ◽  
Lncap Cells ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory

Growth Inhibitory Effects of IFN-βon Human Liver Cancer CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Ogasawara ◽  
Hirohisa Yano ◽  
Seiya Momosaki ◽  
Jun Akiba ◽  
Naoyo Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Human Liver Cancer
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