Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in testosterone-treated rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Abelenda ◽  
Maria Paz Nava ◽  
Alberto Fernández ◽  
María Luisa Puerta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

The participation of sexual hormones in body weight regulation is partly accomplished by altering food intake. Nonetheless, female sexual hormones also alter brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in females. This study was aimed to find out if male hormones could alter brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in male rats. Testosterone was administered by means of Silastic capsules in adult male rats acclimated either at 28°C (thermoneutrality) or at 6°C (cold), treatment lasting 15 days. Food intake and body weight gain were reduced by hormonal treatment. However, brown adipose tissue mass, protein content, mitochondrial mass and GDP-binding were unchanged at both environmental temperatures. Accordingly, testosterone participation in body weight regulation is thought to be carried out without altering brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. A reduction in the weight of the sex accessory glands was also observed after cold acclimation.

scholarly journals Nicotine Improves Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis and ER Stress in Diet-Induced Obese Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Seoane-Collazo ◽  
Pablo B. Martínez de Morentin ◽  
Johan Fernø ◽  
Carlos Diéguez ◽  
Rubén Nogueiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco, promotes body weight reduction in humans and rodents. Recent evidence has suggested that nicotine acts in the central nervous system to modulate energy balance. Specifically, nicotine modulates hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase to decrease feeding and to increase brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through the sympathetic nervous system, leading to weight loss. Of note, most of this evidence has been obtained in animal models fed with normal diet or low-fat diet (LFD). However, its effectiveness in obese models remains elusive. Because obesity causes resistance towards many factors involved in energy homeostasis, the aim of this study has been to compare the effect of nicotine in a diet-induced obese (DIO) model, namely rats fed a high-fat diet, with rats fed a LFD. Our data show that chronic peripheral nicotine treatment reduced body weight by decreasing food intake and increasing brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in both LFD and DIO rats. This overall negative energy balance was associated to decreased activation of hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase in both models. Furthermore, nicotine improved serum lipid profile, decreased insulin serum levels, as well as reduced steatosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of DIO rats but not in LFD rats. Overall, this evidence suggests that nicotine diminishes body weight and improves metabolic disorders linked to DIO and might offer a clear-cut strategy to develop new therapeutic approaches against obesity and its metabolic complications.

Energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis during chronic endotoxemia in rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arnold ◽  
R. A. Little ◽  
N. J. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

The effects of continuously administered endotoxin on 7-day energy balance were investigated in male rats. Three groups of rats were implanted with osmotic pumps; two groups received saline-filled pumps, whereas the third received endotoxin. One of the saline groups was pair fed to match the food intake of the endotoxemic rats. After 7 days, body energy and protein and fat contents of rats were determined together with the energy content of food and feces. Endotoxin infusion not only induced fever, but it also suppressed appetite and significantly decreased body weight gain. Metabolizable energy intake was reduced by approximately 20% in infected rats. Although protein and fat gains were lowest in the endotoxin group, there appeared to be a selective loss of protein when considered as percent of body weight. Percent body fat was unaltered between the groups. Energy expenditure considered in absolute (kJ) or body weight-independent (kJ/kg0.67) terms yielded similar patterns of results; expenditure (kJ) was 10 and 20% (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01) lower in the endotoxemic and pair-fed rats, respectively, compared with controls. Hence, compared with pair-fed rats, endotoxin-infused animals had a 10% rise in their expenditure. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis was assessed by mitochondrial binding of guanosine 5′-diphosphate, and results showed that binding was greatest in endotoxemic rats and lowest in the pair-fed animals. The present results suggest that in this endotoxemic model appetite suppression exacerbates changes in energy balance. However, the reduction in body weight gain is also dependent on a decrease in metabolic efficiency and an increase in total energy expenditure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Stimulatory, but not anxiogenic, doses of caffeine act centrally to activate interscapular brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in anesthetized male rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Van Schaik ◽  
C. Kettle ◽  
R. Green ◽  
W. Sievers ◽  
M. W. Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Basolateral Amygdala ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

AbstractThe role of central orexin in the sympathetic control of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis has been established in rodents. Stimulatory doses of caffeine activate orexin positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, a region of the brain implicated in stimulating BAT thermogenesis. This study tests the hypothesis that central administration of caffeine is sufficient to activate BAT. Low doses of caffeine administered either systemically (intravenous [IV]; 10 mg/kg) and centrally (intracerebroventricular [ICV]; 5–10 μg) increases BAT thermogenesis, in anaesthetised (1.5 g/kg urethane, IV) free breathing male rats. Cardiovascular function was monitored via an indwelling intra-arterial cannula and exhibited no response to the caffeine. Core temperature did not significantly differ after administration of caffeine via either route of administration. Caffeine administered both IV and ICV increased neuronal activity, as measured by c-Fos-immunoreactivity within subregions of the hypothalamic area, previously implicated in regulating BAT thermogenesis. Significantly, there appears to be no neural anxiety response to the low dose of caffeine as indicated by no change in activity in the basolateral amygdala. Having measured the physiological correlate of thermogenesis (heat production) we have not measured indirect molecular correlates of BAT activation. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that caffeine, at stimulatory doses, acting via the central nervous system can increase thermogenesis, without adverse cardio-dynamic impact.

Enhanced acute response to corticosterone in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. E133-E138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tokuyama ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Rapid Action ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

Our previous work showed that ob/ob mice responded to physiological concentrations of blood corticosterone (maintained by implanted pellets of corticosterone in adrenalectomized mice) by increasing food intake and blood insulin concentration to a much greater extent than did lean mice. The present study sought to determine whether the chronic presence of corticosterone was necessary or whether a single injection would also have these effects. Lean and ob/ob mice were adrenalectomized at 4.5 wk of age, injected with corticosterone at 10.5 wk of age, and killed 6 or 15 h after injection. A markedly exaggerated hyperinsulinemia was seen in ob/ob mice at 15 h. Food intake increased in both lean and obese mice, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis (as reflected by mitochondrial guanosine 5'-diphosphate binding) was suppressed in both. We conclude that the ob/ob mouse has an excessive central sensitivity and responsiveness to a rapid action of corticosterone that results in neural activation of insulin secretion and suppression of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. The persistence of some degree of obesity in the adrenalectomized ob/ob mouse is attributed to the remaining slight hyperinsulinemia coupled with reduced energy expenditure due to persistent thermoregulation at a lower than normal body temperature.

Decreased brown adipose tissue thermogenic activity following a reduction in brain serotonin by intraventricular p-chlorophenylalanine

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel J. Fuller ◽  
Dorothy M. Stirling ◽  
Stephen Dunnett ◽  
Gavin P. Reynolds ◽  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Control ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Established Role

The effects of reducing brain serotonin (5-HT) levels by means of intracerebral-ventricular injections of the tryptophan antagonist p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) were investigated in male rats. Six days after the operation, PCPA-treated rats, either fed ad libitum or pair-fed to the food intake of control rats, showed decreased thermogenic activity and capacity in their interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and also increased fat storage in their white adipose tissue (WAT). These results indicate that serotonergic synapses might play a regulatory role in the sympathetic control of BAT thermogenesis and in the rate of WAT deposition (by an as yet unidentified mechanism), in addition to their well established role in controlling food intake.

Effects of ovarian hormones on energy balance and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. R245-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritional energetics of ovariectomized rats with or without ovarian hormone replacement. Rats were divided into five groups: 1) sham operated, 2) ovariectomized, 3) ovariectomized and treated with progesterone, 4) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol, or 5) ovariectomized and treated with estradiol and progesterone. After 36 days of treatment, energy contents of all five groups were determined together with energy content of food and feces. Brown adipose tissue thermogenesis was assessed through mitochondrial GDP binding assay. Results show that ovariectomy leads to a 16% increase in metabolizable energy intake. This increase was accompanied by a twofold increase in body energy gain. Progesterone did not further affect energy intake and gain in ovariectomized rats. However, increases in both food intake and energy gain were prevented by the estradiol replacement therapy. There was no difference in energy expenditure between sham-operated and ovariectomized rats in the absence of estradiol. In estradiol-treated animals, energy expenditure (kJ.kg body wt-0.75 . day-1) showed a slight increase. There was no difference in protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue between all five groups. GDP binding was slightly reduced in ovariectomized estradiol-treated rats. It is concluded from this study that ovarian hormones produce their effects on energy balance mainly by altering food intake.

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