Effect of α-adrenergic blockade on pituitary hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Miles Fisher ◽  
Steve Thornton ◽  
David A. Hepburn ◽  
James J. Morton ◽  
Peter H. Baylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Acute Hypoglycemia ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Control Plasma ◽  
Control Study

Abstract. Arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and ACTH are released from the pituitary gland in response to acute hypoglycemia. To investigate the role of α-adrenergic mechanisms in mediating this response, 6 non-diabetic subjects were studied during hypoglycemia induced by 0.15 IU/kg iv insulin under control conditions, and during non-selective α-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine. In the control study plasma arginine vasopressin rose from 1.6±0.8 pmol/l (mean ± sem) basally to a maximum of 2.5±0.8 pmol/l following hypoglycemia (p<0.05). An exaggerated response was found during phentolamine blockade, with a maximum plasma vasopressin of 11.5±0.4 pmol/l (by analysis of variance, p<0.05). The plasma oxytocin response to hypoglycemia was similarily increased during phentolamine compared to control. Plasma growth hormone rose to 94±19 mU/l, and during blockade with phentolamine the response was significantly reduced reaching a peak of 34±7 mU/l (by analysis of variance, p<0.05). ACTH and prolactin both increased in response to hypoglycemia, but the increases were not affected by phentolamine. An α-adrenergic mechanism appears to inhibit the release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in response to hypoglycemia, but does not appear to affect the secretion of ACTH.

Water Intoxication in Normal Infants: Role of Antidiuretic Hormone in Pathogenesis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Ronald David ◽  
Demetrius Ellis ◽  
J. Carlton Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Antidiuretic Hormone ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Urinary Osmolality ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Eight infants, 2 to 5 months of age, who were seen with somnolence or irritability, seizures, and hypothermia are described. The symptoms developed following the ingestion of dilute formula. All infants were hyponatremic. Three patients were identified by the symptom complex and were evaluated prior to any therapeutic intervention. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentration and urinary osmolality were either normal or increased despite hyponatremia and decreased serum osmolality. These data, coupled with rapid biochemical and clinical improvement following fluid restriction and/or administration of 3% NaCl, strongly implicate the excessive release of arginine vasopressin in the pathogenesis of this syndrome of water intoxication.

Vasopressin and Malignant Deoxycorticosterone Hypertension in Rats

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 45s-48s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Möhring ◽  
B. Möhring ◽  
M. Petri ◽  
D. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Volume Depletion ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Normotensive Control

1. The role of arginine-vasopressin in the pathogenesis of malignant deoxycorticosterone (DOC) hypertension of rats was investigated. 2. In rats with malignant DOC hypertension plasma arginine-vasopressin concentrations increased more than tenfold subsequent to volume depletion and a rise of serum osmolality. 3. The injection of a specific antibody serum for arginine-vasopressin caused a marked fall of blood pressure in rats with malignant DOC hypertension, whereas the injection of angiotensin II antiserum did not affect blood pressure. 4. In rats exhibiting a benign course of DOC hypertension plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin were increased threefold in comparison with normotensive control rats; the injection of an arginine-vasopressin antiserum induced a significant but small fall of blood pressure. 5. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant DOC hypertension arginine-vasopressin might play the role that the renin—angiotensin system plays in the pathogenesis of malignant renal hypertension.

Possible vascular role of increased plasma arginine vasopressin in congestive heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Nakamura ◽  
Hiroshi Funayama ◽  
Akio Yoshimura ◽  
Yoshio Tsuruya ◽  
Muneyasu Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Vasopressor role of ADH in the pathogenesis of malignant DOC hypertension

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. F260-F269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mohring ◽  
B. Mohring ◽  
M. Petri ◽  
D. Haack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Marked Enhancement ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
The Relationship

During the onset of malignant hypertension (MH) in rats treated with deoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (DOC), plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations increase tenfold as a consequence of hypovolemia and hyperosmolality. In benign hypertensive (BH) rats, plasma AVP is increased threefold in comparison with control animals. Plasma renin is markedly suppressed in both BH and MH animals. In MH rats, biologically active AVP antiserum lowers blood pressure (BP) transiently to normal or subnormal levels; in BH rats, a small BP-lowering effect of the AVP antiserum is seen. (Biologically active angiotensin II antiserum does not lower BP in MH rats.) The relationship between the height of BP and plasma AVP concentration in DOC hypertensive rats indicates, when compared with that relationship in diabetes insipidus rats infused with AVP, a marked enhancement of the vasopressor effect of AVP. These findings and the earlier observation of vasopressin-induced vascular damage by Byrom (F. B. Byrom, The Hypertensive Vascular Crisis. London: Heinemann, 1969) strongly suggest that ADH is involved as a vasopressor hormone in the pathogenesis of malignant DOC hypertension.

scholarly journals Role of plasma arginine vasopressin in the impaired water diuresis of isolated glucocorticoid deficiency in the rat

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira N. Mandell ◽  
Ralph A. DeFronzo ◽  
Gary L. Robertson ◽  
John N. Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Water Diuresis ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Glucocorticoid Deficiency ◽  
Impaired Water

scholarly journals Diagnostic utility of a Ferritin-to-Procalcitonin Ratio to differentiate patients with COVID-19 from those with Bacterial Pneumonia: A multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Gharamti ◽  
Fei Mei ◽  
Katherine C Jankousky ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Peter Hyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background There is an urgent need for accurate, rapid, inexpensive biomarkers that can differentiate COVID-19 from bacterial pneumonia. We assess the role of the ferritin-to-procalcitonin (F/P) ratio to classify pneumonia cases into those due to COVID-19 or due to bacterial pathogens. Methods This multicenter case-control study compared patients with either COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia, admitted between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia co-infection were excluded. The F/P in patients with COVID-19 or with bacterial pneumonia were compared. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of various cut-off F/P values for COVID-19 versus bacterial pneumonia. Results A total of 242 COVID-19 pneumonia cases and 34 bacterial pneumonia controls were included. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had a lower mean age (57.11 vs 64.4 years, p=0.02) and a higher BMI (30.74 vs 27.15 kg/m 2, p=0.02) compared to patients with bacterial pneumonia. Cases and controls had a similar proportion of women (47% vs 53%, p=0.5) and COVID-19 patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (32.6% vs 12%, p=0.01). The median F/P was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (4037.5) compared to the F/P in bacterial pneumonia (802, p&lt;0.001). An F/P ≥ 877 used to diagnose COVID-19 resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 56%, with a positive predictive value of 93.2%, and a likelihood ratio of 1.92. In multivariable analyses, an F/P ≥ 877 was associated with greater odds of identifying a COVID-19 case (OR: 11.27, CI: 4-31.2, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion An F/P ≥ 877 increases the likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia compared to bacterial pneumonia.

Chronic intravenous administration of V1 arginine vasopressin agonist results in sustained hypertension

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. H751-H756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Cowley ◽  
E. Szczepanska-Sadowska ◽  
K. Stepniakowski ◽  
D. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Despite the well-recognized vasoconstrictor and fluid-retaining actions of vasopressin, prolonged administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to normal animals or humans fails to produce sustained hypertension. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the V1 receptor in determining the ability of AVP to produce sustained hypertension. Conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with implanted catheters were infused with the selective V1 agonist, [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), for 14 days in amounts that were acutely nonpressor. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and water intake (WI) were determined daily. Plasma AVP, plasma catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, plasma osmolality, and electrolyte concentration were determined before and on days 1 and 7 of infusion. MAP increased significantly by 10.4 +/- 4.5 mmHg on day 1 and rose to 22 +/- 5 mmHg above control by day 14 (transient decrease on days 6-9) and then fell to control levels after the infusion was stopped. HR did not change significantly. Plasma AVP immunoreactivity increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, whereas norepinephrine tended to fall only on day 1, with epinephrine only slightly elevated on day 7. No evidence of fluid retention was found, and rats lost sodium only on the first day of V1 agonist infusion. Body weight increased throughout the study but was unrelated to the changes of MAP. We conclude that chronic stimulation of V1 receptors results in sustained hypertension in rats.

scholarly journals Gly972Arg Variant of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 Gene and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Overweight/Obese Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touraj Mahmoudi ◽  
Keivan Majidzadeh-A ◽  
Khatoon Karimi ◽  
Hamid Farahani ◽  
Reza Dabiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Control Study

Background Given the major role of obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in colorectal cancer (CRC), we investigated whether genetic variants in ghrelin ( GHRL), resistin ( RETN) and insulin receptor substrate 1 ( IRS1) were associated with CRC risk. Methods This study was conducted as a case-control study, and 750 subjects, including 438 controls and 312 patients with CRC, were enrolled and genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. Results No significant differences were observed for GHRL (rs696217), RETN (rs3745367) and IRS1 (rs1801278, Gly972Arg or G972R) gene variants between the cases and controls. However, the IRS1 G972R R allele compared with the G allele and the G972R RR+GR genotype compared with the GG genotype appeared to be markers of decreased CRC susceptibility in the overweight/obese subjects (p = 0.024; odds ratio [OR] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.20-0.91; and p = 0.048; OR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.17-0.99, respectively). Furthermore, the R allele and RR+GR genotype were also associated with decreased risks for obesity in the patients with CRC (p = 0.007; OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.15-0.77; and p = 0.015; OR = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.15-0.72, respectively). Conclusions In accordance with previous studies, our findings suggest that the IRS1 G972R R allele and RR+GR genotype have protective effects for CRC in overweight/obese patients and for obesity in patients with CRC. Nevertheless, further studies are required to confirm these findings.

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