Acromegaly due to ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone secretion by a bronchial carcinoid tumour. Dynamic hormonal responses to various stimuli

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Glikson ◽  
Irit Gil-Ad ◽  
Eithan Galun ◽  
Rivka Dresner ◽  
Shalom Zilberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Carcinoid Tumour ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoid ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Gh

Abstract. Ectopic GHRH is a relatively uncommon cause of acromegaly, which should be differentiated from pituitary adenoma, in order to avoid damage to the pituitary gland from unnecessary interventions. We report here on a 66-year-old man with acromegaly due to a GHRH-secreting bronchial carcinoid tumour, who recovered completely following removal of the tumour. His hormonal status was studied before and after the operation. Basal GH, GHRH, IGF-I and PRL levels, as well as plasma GH response to glucose load and TRH administration were abnormal before the operation, and became normal thereafter. The somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 was found to be a potent inhibitor of the ectopic GHRH and the GH secretion (>500 to 42 ng/l and 15.4 μg/l to 0.8 μg/l, respectively). The effect on GHRH proved to be due to direct effect of somatostatin on the tumour cells, as demonstrated in tissue culture studies. A mixed meal was found immediately to suppress GHRH levels without such an effect on GH secretion. We conclude that the neuroendocrine tests usually practised in acromegaly cannot differentiate between ectopic GHRH secretion and pituitary adenoma. High plasma GHRH levels may serve as a diagnostic test for excessive GHRH production, which is almost always ectopic. These high levels are suppressible by somatostatin and a mixed meal.

Continuous subcutaneous octreotide infusion markedly suppresses IGF-I levels whilst only partially suppressing GH secretion in diabetics with retinopathy

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Hyer ◽  
P. S. Sharp ◽  
R. A. Brooks ◽  
J. M. Burrin ◽  
E. M. Kohner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract. The response to GH releasing hormone (GHRH 1–29) and 24-h serum GH and IGF-I levels were measured in 9 insulin-dependent diabetics with retinopathy and 6 normal volunteers before and after different treatment regimens with octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue. Octreotide, 50 μg by sc injection, completely suppressed GHRH-stimulated GH release in both groups. Thrice daily sc injections for up to 20 weeks were associated with variable plasma octreotide levels and failed completely to suppress GH secretion in either the patients or the normal controls. Three days of continuous sc pump infusion (500 μg/24-h) resulted in consistently high plasma octreotide levels and completely suppressed 24-h GH in 4 normal subjects, whilst treatment for up to 16 weeks only partially suppressed GH levels in 6 patients (AUC mU · l−1 · h−1;h 209 ± 81 vs 121 ± 82; P=0.01). Mean ± sd IGF-I levels (μg/l) in the patients (but not controls) were suppressed into the hypopituitary range by median 6 weeks (range 2–16) pump administration (203 ± 62 vs 60 ± 25; P= 0.02). Pump treatment achieved total GH suppression in normal subjects; diabetics with retinopathy seem more resistant to the GH suppressing effects of the drug. However, the reduction of serum IGF-I with prolonged treatment may be of clinical value in arresting the progress of diabetic retinopathy.

Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones around the onset of lay in broiler breeders under different conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
R. D. Malheiros ◽  
Vera Maria Barbosa Moraes ◽  
R. L. Furlan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Broiler Breeders ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Plasma Gh

Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones were determined around the onset of reproduction in broiler breeders reared in two different housing systems [dark, close-sided house (CH) and conventional, open-sided house (OH)]. In both groups age-related changes were obvious for thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1); levels of T4 decreased, especially between 24 and 28 weeks in both groups; concomitantly GH sharply increased over the same period. A transient peak in triiodothyronine (T3) occurred between 25 and 27 weeks. The effect of housing was only present after the onset of lay. Between weeks 27-28 and the end of the period studied, the CH group showed higher levels of GH and T3 but lower T4 levels as compared to the OH group. A significant increase in GH after onset of lay, without any significant rise in T3 or in IGF-I, could point to a relative insensitivity to high plasma GH levels. Changes at GH receptor level, together with an increased pituitary GH secretion and/or decreased GH turnover may be expected. This may indicate that hypothalamo-pituitary changes at the onset of lay not only imply changes of gonadotrophic cell function, but also other hormonal axes. The relatively decrease in T4 without changes in T3, may point to a decrease in the activity of the thyrotropic axis.

Effect of actively immunizing sheep against growth hormone-releasing hormone or somatostatin on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced growth hormone secretion

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Magnan ◽  
L Mazzocchi ◽  
M Cataldi ◽  
V Guillaume ◽  
A Dutour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

Abstract The physiological role of endogenous circulating GHreleasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) on spontaneous pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH was investigated in adult rams actively immunized against each neuropeptide. All animals developed antibodies at concentrations sufficient for immunoneutralization of GHRH and SRIH levels in hypophysial portal blood. In the anti GHRH group, plasma GH levels were very low; the amplitude of GH pulses was strikingly reduced, although their number was unchanged. No stimulation of GH release was observed after neostigmine administration. The reduction of GH secretion was associated with a decreased body weight and a significant reduction in plasma IGF-I concentration. In the antiSRIH group, no changes in basal and pulsatile GH secretion or the GH response to neostigmine were observed as compared to controls. Body weight was not significantly altered and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced in these animals. These results suggest that in sheep, circulating SRIH (in the systemic and hypophysial portal vasculature) does not play a significant role in pulsatile and neostigmine-induced secretion of GH. The mechanisms of its influence on body weight and production of IGF-I remain to be determined. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 83–90

Prolonged fasting or clonidine can restore the defective growth hormone secretion in old dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano G. Cella ◽  
Valerio Moiraghi ◽  
Francesco Minuto ◽  
Antonina Barreca ◽  
Daniela Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Total Peak Area ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Baseline Conditions ◽  
Plasma Gh

Abstract. Age-related changes in GH secretion were studied in the dog. In preliminary experiments, administration of GH-relasing hormone (GHRH-40, 2 μg/kg, iv) or the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (4 μg/kg, iv) elicited significantly higher plasma GH rises in 3 to 4 years old than in 10 to 14 years old beagle dogs. The pulsatile patterns of GH secretion in both young and old dogs under baseline conditions and after prolonged fasting or clonidine administration were studied. Samples were taken every 10 min from 09.00 to 15.00 h from five young and five old dogs of both sexes. Under baseline conditions, GH peak frequency, total peak area, and integrated GH secretion were significantly lower in old than in young dogs. In old dogs, 5-day complete fasting or 14-day clonidine administration (75 μg/dog, po, twice daily) increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous GH bursts, the total peak area, and the integrated GH secretion. After either stimulus, the GH secretory pattern was quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable from that of young dogs under baseline conditions. Similarly, the foregoing indices were significantly increased in young dogs by either stimulus, except for the inability of clonidine to affect peak frequency. These data demonstrate that the defective GH secretion in old dogs is not irreversible, since it is normalized when old dogs are exposed to central nervous system-directed stimuli.

Growth hormone secretion in stalk-sectioned rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kamegai ◽  
Ichiji Wakabayashi ◽  
Hitoshi Sugihara ◽  
Shiro Minami ◽  
Taiko Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Trough Levels

Abstract. Idiopathic pituitary GH deficiency appears to result from neonatal disruption of hypophyseal portal vessels in the majority of patients. To examine the mechanism of GH deficiency associated with the disease, the effect of pituitary stalk section on GH secretion was studied in rats. Adult male rats were subjected to stalk section without inserting an impermeable membrane between the cut ends. They were studied 3 to 4 weeks after surgery. In stalk-sectioned rats, pituitary weight, body weight and hypothalamic SRIH content were significantly reduced as compared with sham-operated rats. Hypothalamic GHRH content, plasma T3, T4, corticosterone and testosterone levels, and weights of testes remove and adrenal glands were comparable in the two groups. Plasma GH profiles of sham-operated rats showed characteristic periodic pulses occurring at 2.5-3 h intervals with intervening trough period. In stalk-sectioned rats, plasma GH levels were low with small fluctuations, but GH levels were significantly higher than trough levels of sham-operated rats. The amount of GH secreted during a 6-h period as measured by planimetry was significantly reduced. To ascertain the regeneration of hypophyseal portal vessels, post SRIH rebound in GH secretion, which requires the presence of endogenous GHRH, was examined. Withdrawal of exogenous SRIH infusion triggered a large rebound GH secretion whose magnitude did not differ between groups. In stalk-sectioned rats, GH response to met-enkephalin analogue, FK 33-824, was not observed, whereas prolactin response to the secretagogue was observed in the majority of rats. It appears that in stalksectioned rats, hypophyseal portal circulation is re-established, but GHRH release from the hypothalamus is impaired in the face of sufficient supply of other hypophysiotropic hormones.

Somatostatin tonically inhibits growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harvey ◽  
S.-K. Lam ◽  
T. R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Passive immunization of immature chickens with sheep somatostatin (SRIF) antiserum promptly increased the basal plasma GH concentration and augmented TRH-induced GH secretion. Although exogenous SRIF had no inhibitory effect on the basal GH concentration in untreated birds or birds pretreated with non-immune sheep serum, it suppressed the stimulatory effect of SRIF immunoneutralization on GH secretion. These results suggest that SRIF is physiologically involved in the control of GH secretion in birds, in which it appears to inhibit GH release tonically. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 91–97

Physiological control of growth hormone secretion by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in the domestic fowl

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klandorf ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
H. M. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Normal Sheep Serum ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Immature cockerels (4- to 5-weeks old) were passively immunized, with antiserum raised in sheep, against thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH). The administration of TRH antiserum (anti-TRH) at doses of 0·5, 1·0 or 2·0 ml/kg lowered, within 1 h, the basal concentration of plasma GH for at least 24 h. The administration of normal sheep serum had no significant effect on the GH concentration in control birds. Although the GH response to TRH (1·0 or 10·0 μg/kg) was not impaired in birds treated 1 h previously with anti-TRH, prior incubation (at 39 °C for 1 h) of TRH (20 μg/ml) with an equal volume of anti-TRH completely suppressed the stimulatory effect of TRH (10 pg/kg) on GH secretion in vivo. These results suggest that TRH is physiologically involved in the hypothalamic control of GH secretion in the domestic fowl. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 351–355

Single-dose response study of the somatostatin analogue octreotide in acromegaly

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. van Liessum ◽  
Gerlach F. Pieters ◽  
Anthony G. Smals ◽  
Ad R. Hermus ◽  
TheoJ. Benraad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Analogue Octreotide

Abstract. The recommended dosage schedules for intermittent sc therapy with the somatostatin analogue octreotide in acromegaly vary widely, from 100 to 1500 μg daily. As acute administration of octreotide has been shown to predict its long-term response, we performed a single-dose response study in 5 patients with active acromegaly using doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg octreotide as well as a placebo injection. Plasma GH of 2 patients did not normalize after any of the injections, but nadir plasma GH overall gradually decreased as doses were increased from 25 to 400 μg. The 400 μg octreotide dose was superior with regard to the duration of plasma GH suppression to below 5 μg/l or 25% of the basal GH level, the mean GH as a percentage of the basal level over the first 4 and 8 h, and the integrated reduction of plasma GH during the first 4 and 8 h. The postprandial integrated insulin secretion during the first 3 h after injection of the octapeptide was significantly lower after 50, 100 and 400 μg than after the placebo injection. The mean plasma glucose as a percentage of the basal level during the first 8 h was significantly higher after octreotide after the 200 and 400 μg injections. Minor adverse events were seen in 2 patients after injection of 200 and 400 μg octreotide. Within the limitations of this single-dose response study it was concluded that injection of 400 μg octreotide yields the best results with regard to suppression of GH secretion, whereas the 50, 100 and 200 μg doses are superior to 25 μg, but do not differ from each other.

Effects of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor and hydrocortisone on growth hormone secretion by pituitary adenoma cells of acromegaly in culture

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ishibashi ◽  
T. Hara ◽  
Y. Tagusagawa ◽  
T. Fukushima ◽  
H. Numata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor

Abstract. In an attempt to test the hypothesis that pituitary adenomas of acromegaly may possess altered cellular membrane receptors, the response of growth hormone (GH) secretion to ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in cultured adenoma cells of acromegaly was studied. In three out of seven experiments using different pituitary adenoma cells in culture, nanomolar concentrations of CRF caused a significant increase in GH release. The CRF-induced GH release was reproducible and a dose-response relationship was observed between the CRF concentrations and the amounts of GH released into the incubation media. Hydrocortisone, at a concentration of 1 μm, on the other hand, resulted in a significant decrease in GH secretion in four out of five experiments. When adenoma cells were co-incubated with CRF and 1 μm hydrocortisone, CRF-induced GH release was partially overcome. In one experiment, the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone was reversed by coincubation with CRF, although CRF alone was ineffective in the stimulation of GH. These results suggest that CRF may stimulate GH release in some, though not all, patients with acromegaly, and that glucocorticoids may block this effect of CRF acting directly on the pituitary adenoma cells of acromegaly.

Influence of chronic naltrexone treatment on growth hormone secretion in normal subjects

1997 ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Villa ◽  
D Valle ◽  
L De Marinis ◽  
A Mancini ◽  
A Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ghrh Test ◽  
Igfbp 3

OBJECTIVE: To verify if a chronic opioid blockade could affect the GH/IGF-I axis. DESIGN: We have investigated the effects of naltrexone (NTX) treatment on GH response to GHRH in normal women. METHODS: GHRH test (50 micrograms i.v.) performed in seven normal female volunteers (age 25-38 years, with a body mass index ranging from 19.8 to 23.1 kg/m2) before and after 4-weeks NTX treatment (50 mg p.o. daily). RESULTS: Basal GH, IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) plasma levels and the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio remained unaffected by NTX. NTX significantly reduced the GH peak values (15.52 +/- 3.59 vs 4.78 +/- 0.49 micrograms/l; P < 0.01), and GH area under curve (918.93 +/- 253.96 vs 401.09 +/- 79.63 micrograms/l; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This finding suggests that the long-term opioid receptor blockade has an inhibitory role on GHRH-induced GH secretion. A central influence on neurotransmitter control of GH might be hypothesised. The inhibition of stimulated GH release, without interference with the basal level, could indicate an enhanced somatostatin secretion and/or activity. Opioids could be involved only in the regulation of GH dynamics and not in basal secretion. Nevertheless, a direct involvement of opioids at the pituitary level, which could be modified by NTX, cannot be excluded.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document