The effect of long-term pulsatile GnRH administration on the 24-hour integrated concentration of GH in hypogonadotropic hypogonadic patients

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giusti ◽  
R. Torre ◽  
P. Cavagnaro ◽  
R. Attanasio ◽  
L. Traverso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Hormonal Secretion ◽  
Pulsatile Gnrh ◽  
Pulsatile Administration ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Gnrh Therapy

Abstract. Measurement of integrated concentration of GH by means of continuous withdrawal sampling is a method of evaluating physiological hormonal secretion. Integrated concentration of GH was evaluated in 5 subjects with idiopathic hypogonadal hypogonadism (range 19–27 years) and in a 17-year-old male with idiopathic delay of puberty (5 males, 1 female) before and 30–240 days after the start of pulsatile GnRH administration. Gonadotropins and testosterone or 17β-estradiol were restored, whereas 24-h integrated concentration of GH (before therapy 5.4 ± 1.3 IU/l; during GnRH 8.1 ± 2.0 IU/l; P< 0.05) was increased by GnRH therapy. However, no correlation was found between GH levels and sex steroid concentrations during GnRH pulsatile administration. These data further confirm that a physiological increase in gonadotropins and sex steroids can modulate GH synthesis and/or release.

Effects of orchidectomy and sex steroids on vasopressin response to dehydration

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Valiquette ◽  
L. Martini
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vasopressin Secretion ◽  
Hypothalamic Level

Abstract. The secretion of vasopressin has been shown recently to be influenced by gonadal steroids. To further evaluate the relevance of sex steroids in the control of vasopressin secretion, the vasopressin response to dehydration has been studied in normal, castrated and sex-steroid treated castrated male rats. Short-term (3 weeks) castration did not modify the vasopressin response to 48 h of water deprivation. Long-term (10 weeks) castration, on the other hand, consistently reduced the vasopressin response by more than 50%. In both cases, the osmolality was unaffected. Treatment of long-term castrated rats with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or oestradiol increased the vasopressin response to dehydration towards normal control levels. However, only oestradiol could restore it to and beyond normal levels, although all three steroids were given in doses that were equipotent in bringing back to normal the plasma LH levels of the castrated animals. Angiotensin-II generation may indirectly be augmented by oestradiol treatment and this may account for the effect of oestradiol here reported. No such mechanism, however, may be invoked in the case of androgens; a direct modulatory effect at the hypothalamic level is postulated for explaining their influence on vasopressin secretion.

scholarly journals Gonadotropin and Sex Steroid Levels during Long Term Depot Leuprolide Therapy for Central Precocious Puberty

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 95A-95A
Author(s):  
E Kirk Neely ◽  
Raymond L Hintz ◽  
Peter A Lee
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Central Precocious Puberty ◽  
Sex Steroid

The potential role of stress and sex steroids in heritable effects of sevoflurane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly E Martynyuk ◽  
Ling-Sha Ju ◽  
Timothy E Morey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Heritable Effects

Abstract Most surgical procedures require general anesthesia, which is a reversible deep sedation state lacking all perception. The induction of this state is possible because of complex molecular and neuronal network actions of general anesthetics (GAs) and other pharmacological agents. Laboratory and clinical studies indicate that the effects of GAs may not be completely reversible upon anesthesia withdrawal. The long-term neurocognitive effects of GAs, especially when administered at the extremes of ages, are an increasingly recognized health concern and the subject of extensive laboratory and clinical research. Initial studies in rodents suggest that the adverse effects of GAs, whose actions involve enhancement of GABA type A receptor activity (GABAergic GAs), can also extend to future unexposed offspring. Importantly, experimental findings show that GABAergic GAs may induce heritable effects when administered from the early postnatal period to at least young adulthood, covering nearly all age groups that may have children after exposure to anesthesia. More studies are needed to understand when and how the clinical use of GAs in a large and growing population of patients can result in lower resilience to diseases in the even larger population of their unexposed offspring. This minireview is focused on the authors’ published results and data in the literature supporting the notion that GABAergic GAs, in particular sevoflurane, may upregulate systemic levels of stress and sex steroids and alter expressions of genes that are essential for the functioning of these steroid systems. The authors hypothesize that stress and sex steroids are involved in the mediation of sex-specific heritable effects of sevoflurane.

Sex steroids regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages after trauma-hemorrhage

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. C35-C42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin K. Angele ◽  
Markus W. Knöferl ◽  
Martin G. Schwacha ◽  
Alfred Ayala ◽  
William G. Cioffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophage ◽  
Kupffer Cell ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Splenic Macrophage ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Tissue Trauma

Studies indicate that macrophage immune responses in males are depressed after trauma-hemorrhage, whereas they are enhanced in females under such conditions. Nonetheless, the involvement of male and female sex steroids in this gender-dependent dimorphic immune response after trauma-hemorrhage remains unclear. To study this, male C3H/HeN mice were castrated and treated with pellets containing either vehicle, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 17β-estradiol, or a combination of both steroid hormones for 14 days before soft tissue trauma (i.e., laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (35 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min followed by adequate fluid resuscitation) or a sham operation. Twenty-four hours later the animals were killed, plasma was obtained, and Kupffer cell and splenic and peritoneal macrophage cultures were established. For DHT-treated mice, we observed significantly decreased releases of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 by splenic macrophage (−50 and −57%, respectively) and peritoneal macrophage (−51 and −52%, respectively) cultures after trauma-hemorrhage compared with releases by cultures of cells from mice subjected to a sham operation; in contrast, responses of splenic and peritoneal macrophage cultures from other groups subjected to trauma-hemorrhage did not change significantly. In addition, only DHT-treated animals exhibited increased Kupffer cell IL-6 release (+634%). The release of IL-10 in DHT-treated hemorrhaged animals was increased compared with that in sham-operated animals but was decreased in estrogen-treated mice under such conditions. These results suggest that male and female sex steroids exhibit divergent immunomodulatory properties with respect to cell-mediated immune responses after trauma-hemorrhage.

scholarly journals Long-term valproate treatment induces changes in ovarian morphology and serum sex steroid hormone levels in female Wistar rats

Seizure ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Taubøll ◽  
Jouko I.T. Isojärvi ◽  
Hanne Flinstad Harbo ◽  
Arto J. Pakarinen ◽  
Leif Gjerstad
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Rapid and long-term effects of 17β-estradiol on PIP2-phospholipase C-specific activity of MCF-7 cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Graber ◽  
Charlotte Sumida ◽  
Geneviève Vallette ◽  
Emmanuel A. Nunez
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Mcf 7

Pituitary and gonadal responses to the long-term pulsatile administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in fetal fetal sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Thomas ◽  
A N Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Pulsatile Administration

Abstract The fetal hypothalamo–pituitary–gonadal axis reaches a peak in activity at mid-gestation and this is followed by a period of suppression which persists until the onset of puberty. The decline in gonadotrophic activity during late gestation is thought to reflect the maturation of central and peripheral feedback signals. In order to establish if sustained pituitary responsiveness is rate limiting to the reinstatement of reproductive function, we have examined the endocrine consequences of repeated pulsatile GnRH administration to male and fetal sheep during late gestation. Beginning on day 121 of gestation (term=145 days) chronically catheterized fetal sheep were given i.v. pulses of either 500 ng GnRH or saline every 2 h for 14 days. Pituitary and gonadal responses were assessed by measuring changes in plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, inhibin and testosterone (in male fetuses) in response to the first pulse of GnRH on day 1 and to the corresponding pulse on days 4, 7, 10 and 14. In response to the first pulse of GnRH there was an immediate release of LH, with the peak response being significantly (P<0·01) greater than on subsequent days. In male fetuses each pulse of LH was followed by a rise in plasma testosterone concentrations within 40–60 min. The amplitude of these testosterone responses increased significantly (P<0·01) after 9 days of treatment despite a decline in the plasma LH response. Basal FSH concentrations increased progressively (P<0·05) during pituitary stimulation with GnRH in both male and female fetuses. Immunoreactive inhibin concentrations were significantly (P<0·05) higher in males than in females, and there was a gradual increase throughout the experimental period irrespective of treatment. We observed no inverse correlation between inhibin and FSH concentrations. These data show that pulsatile administration of GnRH to fetal sheep during late gestation results in sustained re-activation of pituitary–gonadal function. The decline in fetal gonadotrophins, which is a characteristic feature of late gestation, is therefore likely to result from inadequate GnRH secretion from the fetal hypothalamus rather than an inhibition of pituitary function by peripheral feedback signals. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 153, 385–391

Non-responsiveness of serum gonadotropins and testosterone to pulsatile GnRH in hemochromatosis suggesting a pituitary defect

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Duranteau ◽  
Philippe Chanson ◽  
Joelle Blumberg-Tick ◽  
Guy Thomas ◽  
Sylvie Brailly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Pulse ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Pulsatile Gnrh ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gnrh Therapy ◽  
Lh Secretion

We investigated the potential pituitary origin of gonadal insufficiency in hemochromatosis. Gonadotropin secretion was studied in seven patients with hemochromatosis and hypogonadism, before and after chronic pulsatile GnRH therapy. Pulsatile LH secretion was studied before (sampling every 10 min for 6 h) and after 15-30 days of chronic pulsatile GnRH therapy (10-12 μg per pulse). Prior to GnRH therapy, all the patients had low serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels. LH secretion was non-pulsatile in four patients, while a single pulse was detected in the remaining three. Chronic pulsatile GnRH administration did not increase serum testosterone levels; similarly, serum LH levels remained low: neither pulse frequency nor pulse amplitude was modified. We conclude that hypogonadism in hemochromatosis is due to pituitary lesions.

Investigation of the relationship between farrowing environment, sex steroid concentrations and maternal aggression in gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 34-34
Author(s):  
K.A. McLean ◽  
A.B. Lawrence ◽  
J.C. Petherick ◽  
L. Deans ◽  
J. Chirnside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
The Relationship

Maternal oestrogen and progesterone have been shown to be important in the initiation of maternal behaviour (e.g. Shipka and Ford, 1991). It has also been suggested by Csermely and Nicosia (1991) that there is an association between social rank and the performance of maternal behaviour. This study investigated the relationships between social behaviour during pregnancy, levels of sex steroids around parturition and the level of maternal care shown by gilts. Sows and gilts are generally housed in farrowing crates during parturition and lactation. This study also ascertained whether or not the farrowing environment affected sex steroid concentrations.

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