Opioid-mediated inhibition of oxytocin during insulin-induced hypoglycemic stimulation of vasopressin in man

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seckl ◽  
J. A. Haddock ◽  
M. J. Dunne ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Rise ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soluble Insulin ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Differential Control ◽  
Peptide Secretion ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract. We have investigated the importance of endogenous opioids in the differential control of neurohypophysial peptide secretion. The effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on the vasopressin and oxytocin responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was studied in 14 male subjects. Either saline (N = 8) or naloxone (4 mg bolus + 6 mg/h, N = 6) was infused iv during the study. After 60 min infusion soluble insulin 0.15 U/kg was injected. Naloxone infusion for 60 min did not alter basal plasma AVP or OT levels. Insulininduced hypoglycemia led to a significant rise in plasma AVP in both saline and naloxone-infused subjects (P < 0.05), which was maximal 45 min after insulin. There was no significant difference in the plasma AVP response to hypoglycemia between the 2 groups. Salineinfused subjects did not show any change in plasma OT in response to hypoglycemia whilst during concurrent naloxone infusion there was a significant rise in OT from 1.9 ± 0.4 pmol/l before insulin to 3.2 ± 1.3 pmol/l at 45 min (P < 0.05). We conclude that there is opioidmediated inhibition of OT which prevents its release when AVP is secreted in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals ACTH stimulation test in the captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.S. Koster ◽  
J.P. Schoeman ◽  
D.G.A. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acth Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Baseline Cortisol ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stimulation Of

Serum cortisol response was assessed in 8 captive cheetahs, of varying ages, after the intravenous administration of 500 µg of tetracosactide (Synacthen Depot(R), Novartis, Kempton Park) while maintained under general anaesthesia. In addition, 8 cheetahs were anaesthetised and given an equal volume of saline in order to establish baseline cortisol concentrations at similar stages of anaesthesia. A significant difference in the median cortisol concentration measured over time was found following ACTH administration in the ACTH group (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the median cortisol concentrations in the ACTH group at time-points 120, 150 and 180 min after ACTH stimulation (P = 0.867). Thus it appears appropriate to collect serum 120 to 180 min after tetracosactide administration to assess maximal stimulation of the adrenal in the cheetah. No statistically significant rise was seen in the anaesthetised control group following the injection of saline (P = 0.238).

Effect of naloxone on oxytocin and vasopressin release during vaginocervical stimulation in the goat

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seckl ◽  
S. L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Peptide Release ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Series Of Experiments

ABSTRACT We have investigated the secretion of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin (AVP) during vaginocervical stimulation in the conscious goat and examined the effect of the opioid antagonist naloxone on peptide release to this stimulus. Goats were implanted with guide tubes overlying the cisterna magna under anaesthesia and allowed to recover. Vaginocervical stimulation for 60 s resulted in a marked (P < 0·01) release of oxytocin into the plasma but neither plasma AVP nor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of oxytocin changed significantly. In a second series of experiments, unoperated goats were infused with saline or naloxone (4 mg bolus + 12 mg/h) in random order on two separate occasions. Infusion of naloxone had no effect on basal plasma concentrations of oxytocin or AVP. There was a marked and significant (P < 0·01) potentiation of oxytocin secretion following vaginocervical stimulation in animals infused with naloxone. Naloxone-infused animals showed a significant (P < 0·01) rise in plasma AVP after stimulation but plasma AVP did not change in the saline-infused controls. We conclude that vaginocervical stimulation leads to the selective release of oxytocin from the neurohypophysis without affecting concentrations of oxytocin in the CSF. Endogenous opioids inhibit the stimulated secretion of oxytocin and AVP in vivo in response to vaginocervical stimulation in the goat. J. Endocr. (1987) 115, 317–322

Gonadal steroid modulation of naloxone-induced LH secretion in the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Petraglia ◽  
V. Locatelli ◽  
A. Pen̄alva ◽  
D. Cocchi ◽  
A. R. Genazzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The effect of acute administration of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, s.c.) on plasma LH levels was evaluated in female and male rats 24, 36 and 48 h and 1,3 and 5 weeks after gonadectomy and in 5-week gonadectomized rats after acute or chronic (2 weeks) administration of oestradiol benzoate (OB, 10 μg/rat per day, s.c.), testosterone propionate (TP, 150 μg/rat, s.c.) or dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHT, 150 μg/rat, s.c.) respectively. Concurrent evaluation of plasma LH after administration of LH releasing hormone (LHRH, 1 μg/kg, i.p.) was performed in the same experimental groups. In rats of both sexes, a significant rise in plasma LH after naloxone was observed in sham-operated and recently gonadectomized rats (24–48 h); in female rats 36 and 48 h after gonadectomy the rise was higher than in controls. One, 3 and 5 weeks after gonadectomy, naloxone failed to stimulate LH release in both female and male rats. In gonadectomized rats undergoing steroid replacement therapy, OB administered 72 h before testing, TP (16 and 72 h) and DHT (16 h) were the most effective in reinstituting the LH response to naloxone. Chronic administration of gonadal steroids did not restore normal LH responsiveness to naloxone. In most experimental groups, LH responses after naloxone were clearly unrelated to pituitary LH responsiveness to LHRH, which indicates that the opioid antagonist was acting via the central nervous system. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that: (1) gonadal steroids are critically important for the inhibitory effect of endogenous opioids on LH secretion to be manifested; (2) inhibition by the opiatergic system on LH secretion is more dependent on a modulatory action of gonadal steroids than on their simple presence or absence. J. Endocr. (1984) 101, 33–39

Neurohypophysial secretion to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and its regulation by endogenous opioids in women

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Johnson ◽  
Mark Bower ◽  
Jonathan R. Seck ◽  
Stafford L. Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Soluble Insulin ◽  
Peptide Secretion

Abstract. In animals, there is sexual dimorphism of both neurohypophysial peptide secretion in response to stressful stimuli and to the inhibitory effects of opioids. In men, endogenous opioids inhibit the release of oxytocin when AVP secretion is stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. We have now investigated the role of endogenous opioids in the AVP and oxytocin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in women. Twelve subjects, 6 in the follicular and 6 in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, were infused on 2 occasions with naloxone (4 mg bolus and 6 mg/h) or saline. Soluble insulin (Human Actrapid®, 0.15 μ/kg, iv) was given and serial blood samples taken. Blood sugar fell significantly (p<0.05) and similarly in all groups. In the follicular phase hypoglycemia led to a rise in plasma AVP from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 0.2 pmol/l in the saline-infused subjects (NS), and from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.2 pmol/l in the naloxone-infused (p<0.05). AVP rose similarly from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 1.6 ± 0.5 pmol/l (p<0.05) in the luteal phase controls and from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.3 pmol/l (p<0.05) in naloxone-infused subjects in the luteal phase. There were no significant differences between any of these groups. There were no significant changes in plasma oxytocin in any group. We therefore conclude that in women, unlike men, endogenous opioids do not modulate oxytocin or vasopressin release during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

Alteration of Serum Liver Enzymes Level Caused by Cetirizine Hydrochloride in Exercise Performers

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Manzoor Khan ◽  
Alamgir Khan ◽  
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Butt ◽  
Samiullah Khan ◽  
Ejaz Asghar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Cetirizine Hydrochloride ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Players regularly use cetirizine HCL for the prevention and treatment of various symptoms of allergy while playing in unfamiliar environments.    Objective: This research study was carried out to examine the effect of cetirizine HCL on liver function (ALT, ALP and AST) among the players. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan from January 2019 to June 2019.Twenty male subjects 10 players using cetirizine HCL (one tablet of 10mg/day) as experimental group and 10 players not using cetirizine HCL as control group was selected voluntarily as participants of the study. Five ml blood was taken from all subjects after three hours of administration of cetirizine HCL for the assessment of ALT, ALP and AST.  The results obtained through liver functions test (LFTs) were analyzed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, Version 24). Results: Significant difference was found in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALT (P = 000, 0.05>.000). There was significant difference between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of ALP (P = 000, 0.05>.000). A significant difference was found between in both groups (CG and EXG) in term of AST (P = .001, 0.05>.000). Conclusion:  on the basis of finding, the researcher concluded that Cetirizine HCL (Tablet 10mg) produced a significant rise in liver enzymes and hence disturbing the normal functioning of liver.

Relation between Plasma β-Endorphin and the Ventilatory Response to Hypercapnia in Humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Levick ◽  
M. Lovelock ◽  
R. Smith ◽  
N. A. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Mouth Occlusion Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Male Subjects

1. Endogenous opioids have been implicated in the control of breathing in neonates, but their role in ventilatory control in adults remains unclear. 2. We studied the relationship between circulating immunoreactive β-endorphin and the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia in 12 healthy male subjects. In addition, we examined the effect of repetitive hypercapnia on plasma β-endorphin and Cortisol levels. 3. A weak but significant negative relationship between the ventilatory response to hypercapnia and basal plasma β-endorphin levels was observed (r = −0.35, P < 0.01). A similar negative relationship was noted between mouth occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia and basal plasma β-endorphin levels (r = −0.36, P < 0.01). 4. Repetitive hypercapnia prevented the fall in plasma Cortisol that occurred under control conditions (P < 0.02) but had no effect on plasma β-endorphin. 5. We conclude that plasma β-endorphin may play a role in the central chemical control of breathing in man.

Incidence of nonaccidental head trauma in infants: a call to revisit prevention strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaVerne W. Thompson ◽  
Kathryn D. Bass ◽  
Justice O. Agyei ◽  
Hibbut-Ur-Rauf Naseem ◽  
Elizabeth Borngraber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Shaken Baby Syndrome ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Parent Education Programs

OBJECTIVETraumatic brain injury is a major sequela of nonaccidental trauma (NAT) that disproportionately affects young children and can have lasting sequelae. Considering the potentially devastating effects, many hospitals develop parent education programs to prevent NAT. Despite these efforts, NAT is still common in Western New York. The authors studied the incidence of NAT following the implementation of the Western New York Shaken Baby Syndrome Education Program in 1998.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective chart review of children admitted to our pediatric hospital between 1999 and 2016 with ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes for types of child abuse and intracranial hemorrhage. Data were also provided by the Safe Babies New York program, which tracks NAT in Western New York. Children with a diagnosis of abuse at 0–24 months old were included in the study. Children who suffered a genuine accidental trauma or those with insufficient corroborating evidence to support the NAT diagnosis were excluded.RESULTSA total of 107 children were included in the study. There was a statistically significant rise in both the incidence of NAT (p = 0.0086) and the incidence rate of NAT (p = 0.0235) during the study period. There was no significant difference in trendlines for annual NAT incidence between sexes (y-intercept p = 0.5270, slope p = 0.5263). When stratified by age and sex, each age group had a distinct and statistically significant incidence of NAT (y-intercept p = 0.0069, slope p = 0.0374).CONCLUSIONSDespite educational interventions targeted at preventing NAT, there is a significant rise in the trend of newly reported cases of NAT, indicating a great need for better injury prevention programming.

A comparative study of the acute effects of knee brace vs. kinesiotape on selected isokinetic strength variables of the knee muscles

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ali Kerim Yilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Vural ◽  
Mustafa Özdal ◽  
Menderes Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Kinesio Tape ◽  
Knee Strength ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
S Peak ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

BACKGROUND: Different methods of treatment for preventing knee injuries, enhancing knee strength and minimising post-injury risks have been explored. Among these methods, Kinesio tape (KT) and knee braces (KB) are commonly used. OBJECTIVE : To investigate the acute effects of KT and KB on isokinetic knee strength parameters. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy sedentary male subjects voluntarily participated in the study. Concentric isokinetic knee extension (EX) and flexion (FLX) strength were measured at three sessions: 1. Baseline 2. with KT (’KT’) 3. with KB (’KB’). Tests were performed at 60, 180 and 240∘/s. Peak moment (PM), Hamstring/Quadriceps ratio (HQR), and joint angle at peak moment (JAPM) were measured. RESULTS: ‘KT’ and ‘KB’ were associated with increase in PMEX, PMFLX, HQR at 60 and 240∘/s (p< 0.05) and increased JAPMEX. No significant difference was observed at 180∘/s (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: In healthy individuals, ‘I’ shape KT and KB positively affect EX and FLX strengths and HQR, especially at low angular velocity.

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