Physiological aspects of the thyroid trapping function and its suppression in iodine deficiency using 99m Tc pertechnetate

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Bähre ◽  
Reinhard Hilgers ◽  
Corinna Lindemann ◽  
Dieter Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Small Influence ◽  
Iodine Contamination

Abstract. In an area of iodine deficiency, we investigated 190 individuals with and without euthyroid endemic goitre, who had a normal TSH response after TRH and an entirely homogeneous thyroid scintigram before and under suppression. In these subjects, the thyroid uptake of 99mTc pertechnetate, as a measure of the iodide trapping function, was determined before (TcUb) and under suppression (TcUs), using quantitatively evaluated scintigraphy. In this control group of individuals, without evidence of autonomy, the reference ranges of TcUb and TcUs were determined. The upper limit of the reference range for TcUb was 7.4% of the tracer activity injected, and for TcUs 1.6%. The reference range of TcUs is to be used to detect accurately thyroid autonomy in vivo. In addition, factors affecting the thyroid trapping function were investigated. With decreased iodine supply, trapping before suppression was increased, compensating for iodine deficiency. The effect of TSH on the trapping function was secondary, indicating that, to a considerable degree, the follicular cells adapt their iodide trapping to the iodine supply. The trapping before and under suppression increased with the estimated thyroid weight. ΔTSH after TRH stimulation measured before suppression correlated inversely with the trapping under suppression. The two latter observations suggest that there is a continuum between low and increased levels of the TSH-independent thyroid function, even among these selected individuals without primary evidence of autonomous tissue. A correlation of the trapping function with sex, oestrogen treatment, and goitre type was not demonstrable. Age was found to have a small influence. Except for iodine contamination, the factors affecting the pertechnetate uptake of the thyroid, can be neglected under routine conditions.

Thyroid autonomy: sensitive detection in vivo and estimation of its functional relevance using quantified high-resolution scintigraphy

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Bähre ◽  
Reinhard Hilgers ◽  
Corinna Lindemann ◽  
Dieter Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Trh Test ◽  
Thyroid Autonomy ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Parameters

Abstract. This study is concerned with 236 euthyroid individuals living in an area of iodine deficiency, 227 of whom had endemic goitres. In these subjects, autonomy could be suspected owing to an inhomogeneous activity distribution on the thyroid scintigram or a subnormal TSH response to TRH. They complete a total number of 426 investigated individuals. Previously, in 190 separated controls without evidence of autonomy, the reference ranges for the thyroid 99mTc pertechnetate uptake under suppression (TcUs), a measure for the non-suppressible thyroid iodide clearance, and for suppressibility of circumscribed thyroid regions, had been determined. These two parameters obtained by highresolution quantified scintigraphy were used for an accurate detection of thyroid autonomy among the 236 individuals. Suppression scintigraphy revealed autonomy in 171 patients. ΔTSH after TRH was subnormal in 40% of the subjects with abnormal thyroid suppressibility. Prevalence of abnormal suppression was dependent on three factors: patient age, goitre type and estimated thyroid weight. In the total investigated collective, the prevalence of autonomy was 77% in patients with a goitre weight above 50 g. The individuals with abnormal suppression were grouped into four classes of TcUs. In these classes, free thyroxine index (FT4I) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) increased with increasing TcUs, whereas ΔTSH decreased. This finding indicates a continuum of different extents of autonomous thyroid function, whereas in the individual patient, the extent can be determined using the pertechnetate uptake under suppression. In addition, FT4I, TT3 and ΔTSH in each of the TcUs classes depended on the individual iodine supply. It is concluded that, in patients with thyroid autonomy, actual thyroid hormone concentrations and TSH stimulation are determined by two major factors: the extent of autonomy and the individual iodine supply. Therefore, in iodine deficiency, the TRH test may be normal, although autonomy is present. This relationship explains the reduced sensitivity of the TRH test to detect autonomy in iodine-deficient goitres.

scholarly journals Is it necessary to adjust current creatine kinase reference ranges to reflect levels found in professional footballers?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Mahmutyazicioglu ◽  
Julian Nash ◽  
Andrew Cleves ◽  
Len Nokes
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test

ObjectiveWe aimed to explore the validity of applying current reference ranges of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK) when analysing the medical status of professional footballers and to offer a more functional CK reference range for professional footballers.MethodsA sample of 27 professional male footballers competing in The Football League Championship was analysed. The single sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the CK distribution of the study group with that of a control group of military personnel reported in the literature.ResultsThe median values for study group and the published control group were 284 U/L and 124 U/L, respectively (P<0.001) suggesting that the average CK activity of professional footballers is higher than that of the normal healthy military population.ConclusionEthnicity, sex, age and physical exercise are factors that likely influence CK levels among various populations. From our analysis, we recommend a new 95% reference interval of 64.9 U/L to 1971.7 U/L for professional footballers.

Fabrication and evaluation of a warp knitted polypropylene/polylactic acid composite mesh for pelvic floor repair

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Pei-hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Composite Mesh ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Knitted Structure

Surgical mesh for repairing pelvic defects is expected to be stiff to improve surgical convenience, as well as be soft and flexible to relieve foreign body sensation. This paper aims to develop a new composite mesh (PA) consisted of polypropylene (PP) monofilaments and polylactic acid (PLA) monofilaments according to this expectation. The PA mesh was designed by the two-bar warp knitting technique to have a knitted structure with light weight (19.9 g/m2) and high porosity (porosity). A commercial lightweight PP mesh—Surgimesh® Prolapse mesh—was used as the control group. The mechanical property, in vitro degradation, and in vivo biocompatibility were then measured. The results revealed that the addition of stiffer, stronger PLA monofilaments did not significantly strengthen PA mesh, but made the mesh stiff. The warp knitted structure, porosity and pore size are vital factors affecting mesh mechanical properties. PLA monofilaments in PA mesh were degraded in 74 weeks, with a maximum weight loss reaching 62.4%. PA mesh was demonstrated to have better biocompatibility with evidences of lower shrinkage (13.1%) and faster tissue growth speed.

Radioiodination and biological evaluation of Cimetidine as a new highly selective radiotracer for peptic ulcer disorder detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud H. Sanad ◽  
Safaa B. Challan ◽  
Fawzy A. Marzook ◽  
Sayed M. Abd-Elhaliem ◽  
Ebtisam A. Marzook
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Radiochemical Yield ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Stomach Ulcer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biodistribution Studies

AbstractOne of the most famous techniques for stomach ulcer imaging is the nuclear imaging technique. We aim to focus on the synthesis of 125I-cimetidine (125I-cim) as an agent for peptic ulcer imaging. Cimetidine was labeled with Iodine-125 using a different oxidizing agent (Ch-T, NBS). All factors affecting the labeling yield were optimized. The radiochemical yield of 125I-cim was 98 ± 0.22% at optimum conditions. In vitro stability, in vivo biodistribution of 125I-cimetidine was studied in three groups: control group, pretreated group, and ulcer bearing group. In vivo biodistribution studies of 125I-cim revealed high uptake in the stomach ulcer, reaching about 75.4 ± 1.2% ID/g at 15 min post-injection, than pretreated groups compared to the control. The results showed the suitability of using 125I-cimetidine for stomach ulcer imaging.

scholarly journals In vivo examination of the anticoagulant effect of the Brassica oleracea methanol extract

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafeeq Khan ◽  
Tahira Asad ◽  
Zeeshan Feroz ◽  
Mansoor Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Anticoagulant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Factors Affecting

The anticoagulant effect of the methanol extract of Brassica oleracea var. capitata (MEB) was examined in rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups, each comprising seven animals. Three groups were administered increasing doses of MEB (200, 300, and 500 mg/kg, respectively); one group received warfarin (0.54 mg/kg); animals in the control group received saline (1 ml/day equivalent to the volume of doses applied to the treated and standard animals). Biochemical tests were performed on the 16th and 31st days of dosing. Animals that were administered MEB (500 mg MEB/kg) 30 days displayed increases of 24.07 s, 28.79 s and 4.08 s in activated partial thromboplastin (aPTT), fibrinogen (Fg) and thrombin time (TT). Compared to the control, the increase in aPTT and Fg was highly significant and the increase in TT was significant. The anticoagulant effect exhibited by MEB in rabbits may be due to inactivation or inhibition of factors affecting coagulation.

Factors affecting the concentrations of ferritin in serum in a healthy Australian population

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1350-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Leggett ◽  
N N Brown ◽  
S J Bryant ◽  
L Duplock ◽  
L W Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Range ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Ethanol Intake ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Local Reference ◽  
Bank Employees

Abstract We measured by different techniques the ferritin concentration in serum in two large asymptomatic Australian population samples: 1367 bank employees and 601 insurance corporation employees. Ethanol intake, diet, the frequency of blood donation, smoking and exercise habits, and past medical history were documented. The median concentration of ferritin in serum varied according to age and sex, but was generally higher than in previously reported populations under age 65 years. Results for the two population samples were in close agreement. Apart from the blood donation status, the most important factors influencing the concentration of ferritin in serum were ethanol intake in men and diet in women. Heavy ethanol intake was associated with increased values, even among men without evidence of liver disease. We conclude that the reference range for ferritin concentration in serum in the Australian population should be significantly increased and should be related to age as well as sex. This study emphasizes the need to determine local reference ranges for ferritin concentrations in serum.

Facilitated migration of cells from a transected peripheral nerve over collagen fibers: in vivo observations

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 888-889
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Wasserman ◽  
Azam Rizvi ◽  
George Zazanis ◽  
Frederick H. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Guide Tube ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Silicone Tube ◽  
Thin Sections

In cases of peripheral nerve damage the gap between proximal and distal stumps can be closed by suturing the ends together, using a nerve graft, or by nerve tubulization. Suturing allows regeneration but does not prevent formation of painful neuromas which adhere to adjacent tissues. Autografts are not reported to be as good as tubulization and require a second surgical site with additional risks and complications. Tubulization involves implanting a nerve guide tube that will provide a stable environment for axon proliferation while simultaneously preventing formation of fibrous scar tissue. Supplementing tubes with a collagen gel or collagen plus extracellular matrix factors is reported to increase axon proliferation when compared to controls. But there is no information regarding the use of collagen fibers to guide nerve cell migration through a tube. This communication reports ultrastructural observations on rat sciatic nerve regeneration through a silicone nerve stent containing crosslinked collagen fibers.Collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. The fibers were threaded through a silicone tube to form a central plug. One cm segments of sciatic nerve were excised from Sprague Dawley rats. A control group of rats received a silicone tube implant without collagen while an experimental group received the silicone tube containing a collagen fiber plug. At 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, the implants were removed and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered by 0.1 M cacodylate containing 1.5 mM CaCl2 and balanced by 0.1 M sucrose. The explants were post-fixed in 1% OSO4, block stained in 1% uranyl acetate, dehydrated and embedded in Epon. Axons were counted on montages prepared at a total magnification of 1700x. Montages were viewed through a dissecting microscope. Thin sections were sampled from the proximal, middle and distal regions of regenerating sciatic plugs.

Effects of Age and Health on the Euthyroid Reference Ranges for Serum Free Thyroxine and Free Triiodothyronine

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Midgley ◽  
K. R. Gruner
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limit ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Age Range

SummaryAge-related trends in serum free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) concentrations were measured in 7248 euthyroid subjects (age-range 3 months to 106 years). 5700 were patients referred to hospitals for investigation of suspected thyroid dysfunction, but who were diagnosed euthyroid. 1548 were healthy blood donors (age-range 18-63 years) with no indication of thyroid dysfunction. FT4 concentrations were little affected by the age, the sex or the state of health of the subjects in either group. Serum FT3 concentrations were significantly affected by both age and health factors. The upper limit of the euthyroid reference range for young subjects up to 15 years was about 20% higher (10.4 pmol/1) than for adult subjects older than 25 years (8.8 pmol/1). The change in the upper limits typical of young subjects to that typical of adults occurred steadily over the decade 15–25 years. After this age, little further change occurred, especially in healthy subjects. Additionally, the lower limit of the euthyroid range for FT3 was extended by the inclusion in the reference group of patients referred to hospitals. Compared with the lower limit of the FT3 range for healthy subjects (5 pmol/1), the corresponding limit for referred subjects (young or adult) was 3.5–3.8 pmol/1. Broadening of the FT3 reference range was probably brought about by a significant number of patients in the hospital-referred group with the “1OW-T3 syndrome” of mild non-thyroidal illness. Accordingly, FT3 was inferior to FT4 in the discrimination of hypothyroidism, as FT4 was unaffected by this phenomenon. Effects of age and non-thyroidal illness on serum FT3 concentrations require great care when selecting subjects for a laboratory euthyroid reference range typical of the routine workload. Constraints on the choice of subjects for FT4 reference ranges are less stringent.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

Nativer 99mTc-Uptake in der Differentialdiagnostik von unauffälliger Schilddrüse, Struma mit Euthyreose und Schilddrüsenautonomie in einem Jodmangelgebiet

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
C. R. Pickardt ◽  
K. Horn ◽  
G. Bechtner ◽  
C. Vaitl ◽  
C. M. Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Iodine Contamination ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Global TcTU was determined in 568 patients without any specific thyroid drug intake - 54 with normal thyroid, 274 with goitre and euthyroidism and 240 with thyroid autonomy. 57 patients with autonomy and overt hyperthyroidism were the only group with TcTU values significantly higher than normals. Common to all groups was a large scatter of the TcTU values. In 332, the effects of individual iodine supply were studied by measuring the iodine concentration in spot urine samples. There was a significant inverse correlation between the TcTU values and the urinary iodine excretion in the groups of normal thyroids and of goitres with euthyroidism. In the group with autonomy an effect of iodine supply could only be seen in cases of greatly increased urinary iodine excretion, resulting in very low TcTU values. Out of 20 patients with autonomy and iodine contamination, only 4 showed overt hyperthyroidism. The large scatter of TcTU values in all groups may be explained by the persistent iodine deficiency as well as by the frequent exposure to unknown amounts of iodine in patients with thyroid disease. Therefore, the spontaneous TcTU alone cannot identify a small group of patients with autonomy and high risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, from a very large group of patients with goitre.

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