Correlation between the number of thyroliberin binding sites, the tumour size and the plasma prolactin level in human prolactin-secreting adenomas

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Le Dafniet ◽  
P. Pagesy ◽  
A. M. Brandi ◽  
J. Racadot ◽  
F. Peillon

Abstract. Basal plasma prolactin (Prl) level, tumour size and [3H]thyroliberin (TRH) binding to tumour membranes were studied in 18 patients bearing Prl-secreting adenomas. Big tumours (grade III) were associated with high plasma Prl levels (median value: 1929 (range: 207–3570) ng/ml) and possessed numerous membrane TRH receptors (median value: 508 (range: 0–1200) fmol/mg of protein). By contrast, smaller tumours (grade II and I) were associated with lower plasma Prl levels (median values: 1085 (range: 40–1890) and 295 (range: 98–788) ng/ml, respectively) and possessed fewer membrane TRH receptors (median values 122 (range: 11–328) and 13 (range: 0–52) fmol/mg of protein, respectively). A direct positive correlation was demonstrated between the plasma Prl level and the number of [3H]TRH binding sites (ϱ: 0.729 P < 0.001). That the higher number of TRH receptors is associated with the largest tumours may be of importance in hyperprolactinaemia and should be taken in account when speculating on the pathogenesis of human Prl-secreting adenomas.

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Marie Erfurth ◽  
Pavo Hedner

Abstract. In 10 hyperthyroid women studied in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, basal plasma PRL was normal, but PRL release after TRH was significantly suppressed compared with that in 11 control women. The suppressed PRL response to TRH was not explained by changes in serum estradiol or sex hormone-binding globulin. It recovered after treatment of hyperthyroidism. When normal women were treated with T4 (0.5 mg daily for 6 to 10 days), their mean serum free T4 level increased to about 70% of that in the hyperthyroid patients, whereas their serum free T3 levels increased to a lesser degree. During T4 administration, these women had PRL changes similar to those of the hyperthyroid patients. When the normal women took T3 (60–120) μg for 6 to 8 days), their serum free T3 increased to almost the level of the hyperthyroid patients, but the TRH stimulated PRL release remained close to the control level. The PRL increase after dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide was significantly suppressed in hyperthyroid patients, and they had no PRL response to TRH after pretreatment with metoclopramide. In conclusion, the PRL changes in hyperthyroidism were reproduced by administration of T4, but not by administration of T3 to healthy women. The site of action is suggested to be pituitary, but additional hypothalamic effects cannot be excluded.


1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Collu ◽  
J. R. Ducharme ◽  
D. Eljarmak ◽  
A. M. Marchisio ◽  
J. Bertrand ◽  
...  

Whilc a first injection of the antidopaminergic benzamide drug, sulpiride, induced a large rise in plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in chronically cannulated adult male rats, a second injection given 2 h later was totally inactive although the pituitary content of the hormone was still 76% of the initial value. When the second injection was given 8 h after the first it was slightly effective, but when administered 24 h later it was as effective as the first. The second of two consecutive injections of haloperidol given at 2-h intervals, or an injection of morphine given 2 h after sulpiride, were incapable of inducing a release of PRL. Two hours after an injection of sulpiride, a 30-min period of immobilization stress induced a significant rise in plasma PRL levels. A significant rise in plasma PRL levels was also observed when larger doses of sulpiride were given 2 h after a first injection of the drug. Apomorphine was at least as effective an inhibitor of PRL secretion when given 2 h after sulpiride than when injected after saline. In vitro studies of dopaminergic binding sites revealed the presence, in pituitary glands of sulpiride-treated rats, of receptors not modified by the drug. These data suggest that the only plausible explanation for the ineffectiveness of the second of two consecutive injections of sulpiride is the development of a state of refractoriness of the mechanisms that subserve the release of PRL induced by suppression of the inhibitory dopaminergic tonus.


1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna W. van 't Verlaat ◽  
Ioana Lancranjan ◽  
Martin J. Hendriks ◽  
Ronald J. M. Croughs

Abstract. Five patients, 3 women and 2 men, with macroprolactinomas characterized by extrasellar extension and basal plasma prolactin levels ranging from 4.6 to 102 U/I received six monthly injections of 50–100 mg Parlodel LAR®, an injectable long-acting repeatable form of bromocriptine. The following observations were made: 1. Plasma prolactin levels fell dramatically in all patients and values in the normal range were obtained in 3 patients. 2. In all patients, the onset of tumour reduction was visible on CT scans made one week after the first Parlodel LAR injection. After six Parlodel LAR injections, tumour size was reduced by more than 75% in 3 patients and by 50–75% in two patients. 3. Diminished visual acuity (one patient), bitemporal hemianopia (2 patients), and oculomotor and trochlear nerve dysfunction (one patient) were restored to normal after the first Parlodel LAR injection. 4. Hypogonadism normalized in 2 patients and improved in one patient, whereas plasma gonadotropins remained low in the 2 postmenopausal women. In one patient with hypothyroidism and hypocorticism, thyroid and adrenal functions normalized. It is concluded that bromocriptine retard (50–100 mg monthly) is a useful alternative for oral treatment of patients with prolactinomas, especially in those patients with compliance problems on oral bromocriptine therapy.


1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna W. van 't Verlaat ◽  
Ronald J. M. Croughs ◽  
Martin J. Hendriks ◽  
Nicolaas J. Bosma ◽  
Johan W. R. Nortier ◽  
...  

Abstract. Twelve patients, six women and six men, with macroprolactinomas characterized by extrasellar extension and basal plasma prolactin levels >6 U/l were treated with 10–20 mg bromocriptine daily in four divided doses for a mean period of 2.4 years (range 0.5–3.5 years). The following observations were made: Plasma prolactin levels fell dramatically in all patients and values in the low normal range were obtained in 10 patients. Tumour size was reduced by more than 75% in 11 patients and by 50–75% in one patient. Tumour-reduction was associated with the development of a partial empty sella in eight cases. In four cases the pituitary became visible. Diminished visual acuity (three patients), bitemporal hemianopia (three patients), unilateral or bilateral central scotomas (three patients) and oculomotor palsy (two patients) restored to normal. Hypogonadism (all patients), hypothyroidism (six patients) and hypocorticism (three patients) improved or normalized in most cases. It is concluded that in the medical treatment of macroprolactinomas 10–20 mg bromocriptine in four divided doses effectively reduces both plasma prolactin level and tumour size.


1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Massara ◽  
F. Camanni ◽  
Luisa Belforte ◽  
C. Campagnoli ◽  
Rosa F. Novi ◽  
...  

Abstract. The effect of 100 mg im sulpiride on plasma Prl levels was studied in 10 normal females, 21 patients with galactorrhoea and normal plasma Prl, 10 women with puerperal hyperprolactinaemia and 27 patients with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and high plasma Prl levels. The response to sulpiride in patients with galactorrhoea but normal Prl was slightly higher (P < 0.05) than that observed in normal women, but only if expressed in per cent. Women with puerperal hyperprolactinaemia respond to the drug with a marked increase in Prl (mean ± sem: 563.0 ± 142.8%), even though their baseline values are already very high (mean ± sem: 133.6 ± 23.8 ng/ml). By contrast, there is a lower or no response to sulpiride in 13 women with pituitary tumour. The same was true in 11 patients with hyperprolactinaemia of uncertain aetiology but also 10 of these subjects presented signs suggestive of a tumour. In the last 3 patients with pathological hyperprolactinaemia in whom a consistent Prl increase after sulpiride was observed, hyperprolactinaemia was probably not of tumourous origin. On the basis of these results, the sulpiride test appears promising for discriminating between organic and 'functional' cases of enhanced Prl secretion.


Author(s):  
А.В. Бойко ◽  
Н.Д. Олтаржевская ◽  
В.И. Швец ◽  
Л.В. Демидова ◽  
Е.А. Дунаева ◽  
...  

Цель исследования. Разработка методов сопроводительной терапии для защиты нормальных органов и тканей, входящих в зону облучения. Методы. В исследование включено 112 больных раком шейки и тела матки после комбинированного или самостоятельного лучевого лечения с 2012 по 2016 гг. У 71 пациентки основной группы в качестве терапии сопровождения применяли гидрогель с деринатом и у 41 больной группы контроля - традиционные методы профилактики (масло оливковое, подсолнечное, метилурациловая мазь). Для профилактики эпителиита слизистой влагалища и шейки матки в основной группе использовали гидрогель в виде аппликаций с первого дня облучения. Для профилактики лучевого ректита гидрогель вводили в прямую кишку 1 раз в день с первого дня облучения. Инстилляции гидрогеля в мочевой пузырь начинали только при развитии первых признаков клинической картины цистита. Пациенткам контрольной группы для профилактики лучевых реакций проводились масляные, мазевые аппликации во влагалище, масляные микроклизмы в прямую кишку с первого дня облучения. Лечение лучевого цистита проводили с помощью растительных диуретиков, уросептиков. Результаты. Применение гидрогеля с деринатом позволило провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва у 84,5% (60/71) больных, в контрольной группе - лишь у 48,8% (20/41). Лучевые циститы возникали в 2,5 раза реже (25,3% ± 3,3 против 63,4% ± 2,7, р<0,01). Анализ степени выраженности лучевого цистита по RTOG в двух группах показал, что у 75% больных основной группы наблюдалась I степень, у 25% - II степень, III и IV степени не отмечено, тогда как в контрольной группе лучевой цистит I степени развился у 44% пациенток, II - 40% и III - 16% больных. Применение гидрогеля снизило частоту лучевых ректитов в 2 раза (26,7% ± 3,3 против 53,7% ± 3,2 р<0,1).При использовании ежедневных аппликаций гидрогеля с деринатом со стороны слизистой оболочки влагалища и шейки матки преобладали эпителииты I степени (53,5%), II степень наблюдалась у 29,5% и III степень лучевой реакции - лишь в 16,9% случаев, IV степень реакции не отмечена. В контрольной группе эти показатели составили 26,8%, 24,3%, 31,7% и 17,2% соответственно. Разработаны цитологические критерии оценки течения лучевых реакций слизистой влагалища. Выделены три степени изменения цитограммы, которые коррелировали с клинической картиной. В основной группе лучевые изменения I степени зафиксированы в 4,5 раза чаще (52 ± 9,9% против 11,5 ± 6,3%, р<0,002), а III степень представлена в 3,8 раза реже, чем в контрольной группе (12 ± 6,5% против 46,1 ± 9,8%, р<0,003). Заключение. Применение гидрогелевого материала с деринатом в качестве препарата сопроводительной терапии во время курса облучения позволяет уменьшить частоту и степень выраженности лучевых повреждений со стороны слизистой влагалища, мочевого пузыря и прямой кишки, провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва и улучшить качество жизни пациенток. Objective. Development of methods for accompanying therapy to protect normal organs and tissues in the irradiation zone. Method. The study included 112 patients with cervical and endometrial cancer after combined or independent radiotherapy from 2012 to 2016. In 71 female patients of the main group, Derinat with hydrogel was applied as a supportive therapy and in 41 patients of the control group, conventional prevention methods (olive oil, sunflower oil, methyluracyl ointment) were applied. For prevention of vaginal mucosal and cervical epitheliitis in the main group, hydrogel was used as applications from the first radiation day. For prevention of radiation proctitis, hydrogel was injected into the rectum once daily from the first radiation day. Hydrogel instillations into the bladder were started only with the first clinical signs of cystitis. For prevention of radiation reactions, vaginal oil and ointment and rectal oil micro-enema were administered to patients of the control group from the first day of irradiation. Radiation cystitis was treated with vegetable diuretics and uroseptic drugs. Results. Using the hydrogel with Derinat allowed to administer a course of radiotherapy without interruption in 84.5% (60/71) of patients and only in 48.8% (20/41) in the control group. Radiation cystitis occurred 60% less frequently (25.3% ± 3.3 versus 63.4% ± 2.7, p <0.01). Analysis of radiation cystitis severity in two groups (according to RTOG) showed that 75% of patients in the main group had grade I and 25% had grade II. Grade III and grade IV did not occur. At the same time, in the control group, grade I radiation cystitis developed in 44% of patients, grade II - in 40%, and grade III - in 16% of patients. The hydrogel treatment halved the frequency of radiation proctitis (26.7% ± 3.3 vs. 53.7% ± 3.2 p <0.1). With daily application of the hydrogel with Derinat, grade I epitheliitis (53.5%) predominated in vaginal and cervical mucosa, grade II was observed in 29.5%, and grade III radiation reaction - only in 16.9% of cases; grade IV reaction was not observed. In the control group, these proportions were 26.8%, 24.3%, 31.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. Cytological criteria were developed to evaluate the course of radiation reactions in the vaginal mucosa. Three degrees of change in the cytogram were identified, which correlated with clinical picture. In the main group, incidence of grade I radiation-induced changes was increased by more than 350% (52 ± 9.9% vs. 11.5 ± 6.3%, p <0.002), and incidence of grade III was decreased by more than 70% compared to the control group (12 ± 6.5% vs. 46.1 ± 9.8%, p <0.003). Conclusion. Using the hydrogel material with Derinat as an accompanying therapy during the course of irradiation allows to reduce frequency and severity of radiation injuries of the vaginal mucosa, bladder, and rectum, administer an uninterrupted course of radiotherapy, and improve the quality of life of patients.


2007 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Whitmore ◽  
Jaroslaw Krejza ◽  
Gurpreet S. Kapoor ◽  
Jason Huse ◽  
John H. Woo ◽  
...  

Object Treatment of patients with oligodendrogliomas relies on histopathological grade and characteristic cytogenetic deletions of 1p and 19q, shown to predict radio- and chemosensitivity and prolonged survival. Perfusion weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows for noninvasive determination of relative tumor blood volume (rTBV) and has been used to predict the grade of astrocytic neoplasms. The aim of this study was to use perfusion weighted MR imaging to predict tumor grade and cytogenetic profile in oligodendroglial neoplasms. Methods Thirty patients with oligodendroglial neoplasms who underwent preoperative perfusion MR imaging were retrospectively identified. Tumors were classified by histopathological grade and stratified into two cytogenetic groups: 1p or 1p and 19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (Group 1), and 19q LOH only on intact alleles (Group 2). Tumor blood volume was calculated in relation to contralateral white matter. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop predictive models of cytogenetic profile and tumor grade. Results In World Health Organization Grade II neoplasms, the rTBV was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in Group 1 (mean 2.44, range 0.96–3.28; seven patients) compared with Group 2 (mean 1.69, range 1.27–2.08; seven patients). In Grade III neoplasms, the differences between Group 1 (mean 3.38, range 1.59–6.26; four patients) and Group 2 (mean 2.83, range 1.81–3.76; 12 patients) were not significant. The rTBV was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in Grade III neoplasms (mean 2.97, range 1.59–6.26; 16 patients) compared with Grade II neoplasms (mean 2.07, range 0.96–3.28; 14 patients). The models integrating rTBV with cytogenetic profile and grade showed prediction accuracies of 68 and 73%, respectively. Conclusions Oligodendroglial classification models derived from advanced imaging will improve the accuracy of tumor grading, provide prognostic information, and have potential to influence treatment decisions.


Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Ivona Djordjevic ◽  
Dragoljub Zivanovic ◽  
Ivana Budic ◽  
Ana Kostic ◽  
Danijela Djeric

Background and objectives: For the last three decades, non-operative management (NOM) has been the standard in the treatment of clinically stable patients with blunt spleen injury, with a success rate of up to 95%. However, there are no prospective issues in the literature dealing with the incidence and type of splenic complications after NOM. Materials and methods: This study analyzed 76 pediatric patients, up to the age of 18, with blunt splenic injury who were treated non-operatively. All patients were included in a posttraumatic follow-up protocol with ultrasound examinations 4 and 12 weeks after injury. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.58 ± 3.97 years (range 1.98 to 17.75 years), with no statistically significant difference between the genders. The severity of the injury was determined according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification: 7 patients had grade I injuries (89.21%), 21 patients had grade II injuries (27.63%), 33 patients had grade III injuries (43.42%), and 15 patients had grade IV injuries (19.73%). The majority of the injuries were so-called high-energy ones, which were recorded in 45 patients (59.21%). According to a previously created posttraumatic follow-up protocol, complications were detected in 16 patients (21.05%). Hematomas had the highest incidence and were detected in 11 patients (14.47%), while pseudocysts were detected in 3 (3.94%), and a splenic abscess and pseudoaneurysm were detected in 1 patient (1.31%), respectively. The complications were in a direct correlation with injury grade: seven occurred in patients with grade IV injuries (9.21%), five occurred in children with grade III injuries (6.57%), three occurred in patients with grade II injuries (3.94%), and one occurred in a patient with a grade I injury (1.31%). Conclusion: Based on the severity of the spleen injury, it is difficult to predict the further course of developing complications, but complications are more common in high-grade injuries. The implementation of a follow-up ultrasound protocol is mandatory in all patients with NOM of spleen injuries for the early detection of potentially dangerous and fatal complications.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii159-ii160
Author(s):  
Roberta Rudà ◽  
Riccardo Pascuzzo ◽  
Francesca Mo ◽  
Alessia Pellerino ◽  
Peter B Barker ◽  
...  

Abstract BACKGROUND There is lack of information on the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the development of seizures in patients with lower grade gliomas. Increase of glutamate and downregulation of GABA have been suggested in preclinical models and human surgical samples to be associated with brain tumor-related epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively investigated with the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) the differences in the ratio of metabolites (glutamate/GABA, glutamate/creatine and GABA/creatine) in the peritumoral areas between patients with or without seizures in a series of lower grade gliomas. Tumors were classified according to WHO Classification of 2016 as follows:11 grade II IDH mutated and 1p/19q codeleted; 3 grade III IDH mutated and 1p/19q codeleted; 6 grade II IDH mutated and 1p/19q intact; 1 grade III IDH mutated and 1p/19q intact; 1 grade II IDH wild-type. Patients received surgery alone or followed by temozolomide chemotherapy according to the presence of risk factors. RESULTS At baseline evaluation, maximum glutamate/GABA values were significantly higher (p=0.023) in the peritumoral area of patients with seizures (1.008 ± 0.368) with respect to those without seizures (0.691 ± 0.170). No other metabolites ratio showed significant differences between the two groups. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the metabolites ratio in the examinations during the follow-up. In the cohort of patients with seizures (n.14) variations of metabolite ratios were not associated with tumor location, 1p/19q codeletion, use of AEDs, concomitant chemotherapy or seizure characteristics (type, duration, frequency). CONCLUSIONS The study is ongoing with the aim of analyzing further the correlations between ratio of metabolites and status of the tumor (stable vs progressive).


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Prerana N. Shah ◽  
Kaveri Das

Background. Video laryngoscopes provide better view and can improve ease of intubation compared with standard laryngoscopes. Methods. A prospective randomized study was done on 60 patients, 18 to 65 years old, comparing McGrath video laryngoscope and Macintosh laryngoscope. The aim was to compare the ease, efficacy, and usability of them during routine airway management. The primary endpoint was duration of intubation and the secondary endpoints were Cormack and Lehane grade of laryngoscopic view, number of intubation attempts, and incidence of complications. Results. There was an increase in total duration of intubation with McGrath video laryngoscope with 42.9 ± 19.5 seconds compared to Macintosh laryngoscope with 17.9 ± 4.6 seconds. In Macintosh group, 73.3% had grade I, 20% had grade II, and 6.7% had grade III Cormack Lehane view, while in McGrath group, 83.3% had grade I, 13.3% had grade II, and 3.3% had grade III. In McGrath group, 6 patients (20%) required more than 120 seconds to get intubated and only 73.3% were intubated in 1 attempt, while patients in Macintosh group had 100% successful intubation in 1 attempt. Pharyngeal trauma was seen with McGrath videolaryngoscopy. Conclusion. Duration of laryngoscopy, intubation, and total duration of intubation were significantly higher in McGrath group than in Macintosh group. McGrath group required a higher number of intubation attempts.


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