Instant growth inhibition by low dose oestrogens in excessively tall boys

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. G. van den Bosch ◽  
Anthony G. H. Smals ◽  
Gerlach F. F. M. Pieters ◽  
Ignace M. Valk ◽  
Peter W. C. Kloppenborg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Tall Girls

Abstract. A major problem in the androgen treatment of escessive height in boys is acceleration of growth velocity especially in the early stages of therapy. Oestrogen treatment in tall girls, in contrast, instantly decelerates growth velocity, probably by its plasma somatomedin lowering effect. As oestrogen administration in male subjects causes a similar somatomedin depression and immediate growth inhibition is also wanted in the treatment of excessive height in boys, the effect of short-term low dose oestrogen therapy (ethinyloestradiol, Ee, Lynoral®, 0.050 mg daily) on growth was studied in 10 constitutionally tall boys. During oestrogen therapy three week ulnar growth rate (TUG-rate) dropped instantly from 0.84 ± 0.42 to 0.33 ± 0.27 mm (P < 0.02) within 6 weeks. Three week body growth rate also changed significantly from 0.48 ± 0.23 to 0.12 ± 0.37 cm during oestrogen loading (P < 0.05). The magnitude of the latter changes, however, allows only evaluation of the whole group, whereas changes in TUG-rates far exceeded the limits of confidence in most individual boys. Growth deceleration during Ee was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase activities (from 299 ± 72 U/l before to 240 ± 79 U/l during Ee, P < 0.01), plasma calcium (from 2.45 ± 0.06 to 2.35 ± 0.05 mmol/l during Ee, P < 0.05) and plasma testosterone levels (from 392 ± 128 ng/100 ml before to 27 ± 7 ng/100 ml during Ee, P < 0.005). Within 2 months after stopping Ee administration plasma testosterone levels were normal again (432 ± 282 ng/100 ml). Testicular size was not affected. Mild reversible gynaecomastia, however, was present in all boys. The results demonstrate an instant growth decelerating effect of low dose oestrogen administration in tall boys reminiscent to the findings in tall girls under the same low dose regimen. Furthermore these data provide a theoretical base for combining androgens and oestrogens in the early stages of treatment of excessive height in boys in order to antagonize the initial growth accelerating effect of androgens alone.

Cyproterone acetate as initial treatment and maintenance therapy for hirsutism

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Holdaway ◽  
M. S. Croxson ◽  
H. K. Ibbertson ◽  
A. Sheehan ◽  
B. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Cyproterone Acetate ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Therapy

Abstract. Thirty-four patients with hirsutism were treated for 9 months with 100 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) given on days 5–15 of the menstrual cycle together with a combination oral contraceptive containing 2 mg CA and 50 μg ethinyloestradiol (Diane®) given on days 5–25 of the cycle. After 9 months treatment patients were randomised to a 12 month double-blind cross-over trial comparing Diane® plus 25 mg CA with Diane® plus placebo, to test the efficacy of low-dose CA as maintenance therapy. Thirty-one patients (92%) experienced moderate or good subjective improvement in hirsutism on high-dose CA, associated with a 40% mean overall improvement in objective hirsutism grade and 13% overall reduction in hair growth rate measured by a photographic technique. Minor or moderate side effects were experienced by 64% of patients and severe side effects by 11% at this dosage. There was a mean subjective relapse rate of 33% when patients were changed to low dose CA, and relapse rates were not significantly different between the two regimens with 28% relapsing on 25 mg CA + Diane® and 48% on placebo and Diane® (P < 0.05). Despite significant subjective relapse with low-dose treatment there was no significant deterioration in objective hirsutism grade or hair growth rate determined photographically. Levels of plasma testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, free testosterone (derived) and androstenedione fell significantly on high dose CA and this reduction was maintained during low dose therapy. Cyproterone acetate at high dosage thus appeared an effective agent in the treatment of hirsutism, but 33% of patients considered they deteriorated when changed to low-dose therapy despite maintenance of androgen suppression and lack of change in objective measurements. Maintenance therapy after remission with high-dose CA appears justified since 60% of patients underwent subjective relapse when all treatment was stopped.

INFLUENCE OF METYRAPONE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN MAN

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Nilsson ◽  
B. Hökfelt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

ABSTRACT Metyrapone was administered either orally, 750 mg every four h, in a total of six doses, or intravenously 30 mg per kg body weight as a four h infusion. In three males with normal endocrine functions, metyrapone given orally or intravenously induced a fall in plasma testosterone and an elevation of androstenedione within 2–8 h. When metyrapone was administered to a patient given dexamethasone to suppress endogenous ACTH production, the androstenedione levels did not alter whereas the testosterone levels showed a slight, transient decrease. In two normal females metyrapone administration was followed by a marked increase in plasma androstenedione whereas testosterone showed only a minor, gradual increase. In one male patient with Addison's disease the basal plasma testosterone was normal whereas the level of androstenedione was low. Following metyrapone intravenously, there was a slight suppression of plasma testosterone but no change in the androstenedione concentration. In one patient with primary hypogonadism, two with secondary hypogonadism and two with Klinefelter's syndrome the plasma testosterone was low under basal conditions and did not change following metyrapone. Basal plasma androstenedione was within the range for normal males and increased markedly following metyrapone in all the cases.

Effects of oestradiol benzoate (OeB) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the testes and accessory sex glands of the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Chowdhury ◽  
Robert Tcholakian ◽  
Emil Steinberger
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect

Abstract. It has been suggested that treatment of intact male rats with oestradiol benzoate (OeB) causes an interference with testosterone (T) production by the testes by a direct inhibitory effect on steroidogenesis. To test this hypothesis, different doses (5, 10 or 25 IU) of hCG were administered concomitantly with 50 μg of OeB to adult intact or hypophysectomized male rats. The testicular and plasma testosterone, and serum hCG levels were determined. The sex accessory weights were recorded. In the intact OeB-treated group of animals, hCG stimulated both the secondary sex organs and plasma testosterone levels above the intact control group. However, in hypophysectomized animals, although plasma testosterone levels increased above that of intact controls, their secondary sex organ weights did not. Moreover, inspite of high circulating hCG levels, the testicular testosterone content and concentration remained suppressed in OeB-treated animals. The reason for such dichotomy of hCG action on OeB-treated animals is not clear at present.

Association Between Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat Polymorphism and Plasma Testosterone Levels in Postmenopausal Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Simoni Brum ◽  
Poli Mara Spritzer ◽  
Franyoise Paris ◽  
Maria Augusta Maturana ◽  
Franyoise Audran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Androgen Receptor Gene ◽  
Cag Repeat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Productivity of Botryococcus braunii by an Adenine Type Phytohormone

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Jun Zhi Liu ◽  
Ya Ming Ge ◽  
Guang Ming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Algae Biofuels ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Algal Growth Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

This study examined the effects of an adenine-type cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the growth and metabolism characteristics of Botryococcus braunii, one of the most promising oil-rich algae for biofuel production. The results showed that 6-BA of low dose (0.1-1.0 mg L-1) would enhance the algal growth rate and biochemical synthesis, whereas too much (5.0 mg L-1) would be lethally toxic for B. braunii. Noticingly, though the maximum algal growth rate, chlorophyll and β-carotenoid content were observed in the treatment with 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA, both the maximum algal hydrocarbon content and the highest hydrocarbon productivity were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mg L-1 6-BA, which were respectively 2.45 and 3.48 times of the control (39.1% vs. 16.0%, 546 mg L-1 vs. 157 mg L-1). This finding has great implications for improving algae biofuels production by phytohormone.

Lymphocyte subset distribution and natural killer cell activity in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieland Kiess ◽  
Linda L. Liu ◽  
Nicholas R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Activity ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Testosterone Levels

Abstract. Sex-related differences in immune responsiveness are mediated at least in part by sex steroid hormones. Lymphocyte subset distribution in peripheral blood and natural killer cell function both have been reported to be under hormonal control. In order to gain more insight into sex steroid hormone action on the immune system, we have measured the lymphocyte subset distribution and natural killer cell activity in 18 men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism before treatment, and after hormonal treatment had normalized plasma testosterone levels. In untreated patients, the mean plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly lower than those in the treated men (3.0 ± 0.5 nmol/l vs 16 ± 1.7 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The percentage of peripheral CD3+ lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the natural killer cell activity of peripheral mononuclear cells measured in a 51Cr release assay against target K 562 cells did not differ between patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and healthy adults, and most importantly, did not change during hormonal treatment which normalized plasma testosterone levels in the patients. In contrast, the percentage of peripheral CD4+ cells was significantly higher in untreated patients compared with normal adult subjects or patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism after hormonal treatment that resulted in normal plasma testosterone levels (53 ± 2 vs 47 ± 2, p < 0.05). It should be noted that the percentage of peripheral CD 16+ cells was significantly lower in untreated men with low plasma testosterone levels than in normal controls. The percentage of CD16+ cells in peripheral venous blood rose significantly after hormonal treatment restored plasma testosterone levels to normal (6 ± 1 vs 11 ± 1, p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of peripheral CD16+ cells correlated significantly with the plasma testosterone levels measured in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (r = 0.534, p < 0.001). In conclusion, both the percentage of peripheral CD4+ cells (T-helper lymphocytes) and peripheral CD16+ cells (non-T-non-B cells) are related to the plasma testosterone levels in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. These data suggest that in vivo human immune cells are under the regulatory influence of endogenous sex steroids.

A STUDY OF THE FIRST EIGHT HOURS IN THE STABILIZATION OF PLASMA TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN THE HEMICASTRATED RAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. FRANKEL ◽  
E. J. MOCK
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
One Step ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Single Testis

Plasma levels of testosterone fell within 4 h after hemicastration in the mature male rat, and recovered within 8 h, without a compensatory rise in plasma LH from 5 to 480 min after surgery. Pulsatile release of LH was not observed in any group, suggesting the possibility that its alteration was not stimulating the single testis. Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) stimulated plasma LH concentration equally in both control and hemicastrated rats, rising more sharply only in sham-hemicastrated rats treated with a low dose of LH-RH. Plasma LH rose significantly at the same time (6 h after surgery) in both castrated (in one step) and hemicastrated rats which were castrated (in two steps). Bilateral denervation of the testis did not affect the response of plasma testosterone after hemicastration. There was a remarkably similar response in both plasma LH and testosterone levels to handling, blood collection, anaesthesia, sham-surgery and hemicastration separately or in combination. It was concluded that the response of testosterone to hemicastration was neither related to early changes in plasma LH levels nor to alterations in the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis.

Peripheral plasma testosterone levels in hypothyroid-induced male goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.P. Gupta ◽  
P.C. Sanwal ◽  
V.P. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

Abstract 180: The Growth Rate of Early DWI Lesions is Highly Variable and Associated with Penumbral Salvage and Clinical Outcomes Following Endovascular Reperfusion

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley M Wheeler ◽  
Michael Mlynash ◽  
Manabu Inoue ◽  
Aaryani Tipirneni ◽  
John Liggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Favorable Clinical Response

Background: The degree of variability in the rate of early DWI expansion has not been well characterized. We hypothesized that Target Mismatch patients with slowly expanding DWI lesions have more penumbral salvage and better clinical outcomes following endovascular reperfusion than Target Mismatch patients with rapidly expanding DWI lesions. Methods: This substudy of DEFUSE 2 included all patients with a clearly established time of symptom onset. The initial DWI growth rate was determined from the baseline scan by assuming a volume 0 ml just prior to symptom onset. Target Mismatch patients who achieved reperfusion (>50% reduction in PWI after endovascular therapy), were categorized into tertiles according to their initial DWI growth rates. For each tertile, penumbral salvage (comparison of final volume to the volume of PWI (Tmax > 6 sec)/ DWI mismatch prior to endovascular therapy), favorable clinical response, and good functional outcome (see figure for definitions) were calculated. We also compared the growth rate in patients with the Target mismatch vs. Malignant Profile. Results: 64 patients were eligible for this study. Target mismatch patients (n=44) had initial growth rates (range 0 to 43 ml/hr, median of 3 ml/hr) that were significantly less than the growth rates in Malignant profile (n=7) patients (12 to 92 ml/hr, median 39 ml/hr; p < 0.001). In Target mismatch patients who achieved reperfusion (n=30), slower early DWI growth rates were associated with better clinical outcomes (p<0.05) and a trend toward more penumbral salvage (n=27, p=0.137). Conclusions: The growth rate of early DWI lesions in acute stroke patients is highly variable; Malignant profile patients have higher growth rates than other MRI profiles. Among Target Mismatch patients, a slower rate of DWI growth is associated with a greater degree of penumbral salvage and improved clinical outcomes following endovascular reperfusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document