Effects of bromocriptine-induced pregnancy on prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bergh ◽  
S. J. Nillius ◽  
S.-G. Larsson ◽  
L. Wide
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Pituitary Fossa ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Twenty-eight women with hyperprolactinaemia and amenorrhoea received bromocriptine treatment which resulted in 31 term pregnancies. Bromocriptine treatment was stopped as soon as pregnancy was established. Nineteen of the women had radiological signs of a pituitary tumour. The pregnancies were clinically un-eventful in all cases except one who developed headache. Post-partum sellar X-ray showed pregnancy-induced enlargement of the pituitary fossa in 4 of the 28 women. Regression of the radiological changes occurred in 3 of the 4 women within 2 years after the delivery. The women with abnormal sellar X-rays had no difference in the mean prolactin levels before treatment and after pregnancy and lactation while all the women with normal sellae had lower prolactin levels after pregnancy than before. Three women resumed regular spontaneous menstruations after pregnancy and lactation but only one conceived again. Thus, serious pituitary tumour complications are rare in hyperprolactinaemic women with bromocriptine-induced pregnancies. The pregnancy does not worsen the condition. Resolution of hyperprolactinaemia after bromocriptine-induced pregnancy is an unfrequent finding.

HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA IN AMENORRHOEA - INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjörn Bergh ◽  
Sven Johan Nillius ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Rule Out

ABSTRACT Prolactin concentrations in serum were determined in 287 women with amenorrhoea. The incidence of hyperprolactinaemia was 14.6 per cent. All but 4 of the 31 women with persistent hyperprolactinaemia had galactorrhoea. Radiological signs suggestive of a pituitary tumour were seen in 48 per cent of the hyperprolactinaemic women, while only 4.5 per cent of the 245 normoprolactinaemic women had abnormal sellar X-rays. All the patients with prolactin concentrations above 100 μg/I had radio-logically abnormal sellae, but lower prolactin levels did not rule out the existence of even large pituitary tumours. The hyperprolactinaemic women with normal and abnormal sellae and a control group of healthy women in the early follicular phase all had similar mean basal FSH and LH levels with one exception, the group with abnormal sellae had lower basal LH levels than the control group. There was no difference in the mean FSH and LH responses to LH-RH between the hyperprolactinaemic women with pathological sellae and the control group while the hyperprolactinaemic women with normal sellae had higher responses than the other two groups. Prolactin determinations were found to be superior to other pituitary hormone estimations for identifying patients who are at risk of having pituitary tumours.

A critical reappraisal of MIB-1 labelling index significance in a large series of pituitary tumours: secreting versus non-secreting adenomas.

2002 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Jaffrain-Rea ◽  
D Di Stefano ◽  
G Minniti ◽  
V Esposito ◽  
A Bultrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Labelling Index ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Mib 1 ◽  
Mib 1

Pituitary tumours are usually benign neoplasia, but may have a locally aggressive or malignant evolution. This study aimed to identify factors which mostly influence their proliferative activity, in order to clarify its value for clinical and research purposes. The proliferative index was determined in a prospective series of 132 pituitary tumours as the percentage of monoclonal antibody MIB-1-immunopositive cells and referred to as the MIB-1 labelling index (LI). Its distribution was analysed according to both univariate and multivariate models. A life-threatening pituitary tumour is presented separately. The mean LI was 1.24+/-1.59%, with significant differences between clinically secreting (CS) and clinically non-secreting (CNS) adenomas. In CS adenomas (n=65), LI was highly variable and markedly influenced by pre-operative pharmacological treatment (0.80+/-1.03 vs 2.06+/-2.39% in treated vs untreated cases, P=0.009); it decreased with patient's age (P=0.025, r=0.28) and increased with tumour volume and invasiveness. The influence of pre-operative treatment and macroscopic features on LI in this group was confirmed by multivariate analysis. In CNS adenomas (n=67), LI distribution was less variable than in CS adenomas (P<0.0001), it was age-independent and correlations with tumour volume, invasiveness or recurrence did not reach significance. In a rapidly growing parasellar tumour, the mean LI was 24% at first surgery and exceeded 50% at second surgery performed 4 months later. LI should be interpreted according to hormone secretion and pre-operative treatment. Unusually high LI values deserve particular attention.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Cellular Neural Networks for the Automatic Identification of Cephalometric Landmarks on Digital Images

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalia Leonardi ◽  
Daniela Giordano ◽  
Francesco Maiorana
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cellular Neural Networks ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Automatic Location ◽  
Landmark Identification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analogue To Digital

Several efforts have been made to completely automate cephalometric analysis by automatic landmark search. However, accuracy obtained was worse than manual identification in every study. The analogue-to-digital conversion of X-ray has been claimed to be the main problem. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the accuracy of the Cellular Neural Networks approach for automatic location of cephalometric landmarks on softcopy of direct digital cephalometric X-rays. Forty-one, direct-digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained by a Siemens Orthophos DS Ceph and were used in this study and 10 landmarks (N, A Point, Ba, Po, Pt, B Point, Pg, PM, UIE, LIE) were the object of automatic landmark identification. The mean errors and standard deviations from the best estimate of cephalometric points were calculated for each landmark. Differences in the mean errors of automatic and manual landmarking were compared with a 1-way analysis of variance. The analyses indicated that the differences were very small, and they were found at most within 0.59 mm. Furthermore, only few of these differences were statistically significant, but differences were so small to be in most instances clinically meaningless. Therefore the use of X-ray files with respect to scanned X-ray improved landmark accuracy of automatic detection. Investigations on softcopy of digital cephalometric X-rays, to search more landmarks in order to enable a complete automatic cephalometric analysis, are strongly encouraged.

Isoelastic Cementless Total Hip Replacement in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Long-Term Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
U. Fusco ◽  
R. Capelli ◽  
A. Avai ◽  
M. Gerundini ◽  
L. Colombini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cementless Total Hip Replacement

Between 1980 and 1987 we have implanted 46 isoelastic cementless THR in 40 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis. We have reviewed 38 hips clinically and by X-ray. The mean follow-up was 8,5 years. Harris hip scores ranged from 30.6 preoperatively to 73,4 post-operatively when reviewed. While on the other hand Merle D'Aubigné hip scores ranged from 7,06 pre-operatively to 15,59 post-operatively. All patients have been satisfied, and X-rays showed an improvement for both Charnely and Gruen X-ray score.

scholarly journals X-Rays from Wolf-Rayet Stars Observed by the Einstein Observatory

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
W. T. Sanders ◽  
J. P. Cassinelli ◽  
K. A. van der Hucht
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Luminosity ◽  
Hydrogen Emission Lines ◽  
Flux Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Einstein Observatory ◽  
Thin Source

Preliminary results of three X-ray surveys are presented. Out of a sample of 20 stars, X-rays were detected from four Wolf-Rayet stars and two 08f+ stars. The detected stars have about the same mean value as 0 stars for the X-ray to total luminosity ratio, LX/L = 10−7, but exhibit a much larger variation about the mean. The spectral energy distributions are also found to be like that of 0 stars in that they do not exhibit large attenuation of X-rays softer than 1 keV. This indicates that for both the 0 stars and WR stars much of the X-ray emission is coming from hot wisps or shocks in the outer regions of the winds and not from a thin source at the base of the wind. The general spectral shape and flux level place severe restrictions on models that attribute the lack of hydrogen emission lines to extremely high temperatures of the gas in the wind.

scholarly journals Changes in the ovary of the mouse following exposure to X-Rays. Part IV.— The corpus luteum in the sterilized ovary, and some concluding experiments

1928 ◽  
Vol 102 (719) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
General Manner ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

The previous papers of. this series dealt only in a brief and general manner with the effect of X-ray sterilization on the corpora lutea. The present paper, the last of the series, includes more extensive work aimed at removing this deficiency. The work was begun by irradiating pregnant animals, but owing to the technical difficulties the greater part of it was carried out on lactating animals. In this paper it will be shown that the degenerative changes in the corpora lutea of pregnancy and lactation take place very slowly after sterilization, although they begin at the normal time. The corpora lutea become, in fact, practically permanent structures. The oestrous cycles of both these series of animals are dealt with elsewhere (9) by one of us, where it is shown that these “permanent” corpora lutea do not retain their oestrous-inhibiting power for any appreciable period after what would be the functional life of the normal corpus luteum. Moreover, the possible duration of lactation is not affected by sterilization at the beginning of suckling. The histology of the ovaries discussed in this paper is essentially similar to that found in the animals previously described (1,2, and 3) and need not be dealt with at length.

Long-Term Phenothiazine Treatment does not Cause Pituitary Tumours

1984 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Lilford ◽  
R. J. Lilford ◽  
Janet E. Dacie ◽  
Lesley A. Rees ◽  
T. Chard
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Fossa

SummaryIn order to explore the possibility that prolactinomas may be caused by prolonged under-inhibition of prolactin-secreting cells we examined the pituitary fossa in 69 patients on long-term phenothiazine treatment. The average duration of treatment was 12.5 years and 55 (80 per cent) of the patients had persistently raised serum prolactin levels. The incidence of radiologically detectable pituitary fossa abnormalities was not significantly different to that in control populations. In 62 per cent of patients the skull x-rays from an earlier admission were available. Comparison of these with earlier films did not show a higher incidence of pituitary fossa abnormalities after prolonged exposure to phenothiazines.

The Utility of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Determining the Flexibility of Sagittal Imbalance

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Sina Pourtaheri ◽  
Jason Savage ◽  
Iain Kalfas ◽  
Thomas E Mroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Patient Counseling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preoperative Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND Scoliosis X-rays are the gold standard for assessing preoperative lumbar lordosis; however, particularly for flexible lumbar deformities, it is difficult to predict from these images the extent of correction required, as standing radiographs cannot predict the thoracolumbar alignment after intraoperative positioning. OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of preoperative MRI in surgical planning for patients with flexible sagittal imbalance. METHODS We identified 138 patients with sagittal imbalance. Radiographic parameters including pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis were obtained from images preoperatively. RESULTS The mean difference was 2.9° between the lumbar lordosis measured on supine MRI as compared to the intraoperative X-rays, as opposed to 5.53° between standing X-rays and intraoperative X-ray. In patients with flexible deformities (n = 24), the lumbar lordosis on MRI measured a discrepancy of 3.08°, as compared to a discrepancy of 11.46° when measured with standing X-ray. CONCLUSION MRI adequately determined which sagittal deformities were flexible. Furthermore, with flexible sagittal deformities, lumbar lordosis measured on MRI more accurately predicted the intraoperative lumbar lordosis than that measured on standing X-ray. The ability to preoperatively predict intraoperative lumbar lordosis with positioning helps with surgical planning and patient counseling regarding expectations and risks of surgery.

scholarly journals 1700 Using Intra-Operative Imaging as A Tool to Provide Peer Review, Scoring, Feedback and Education for Hand and Wrist Trauma Cases - A Quality Improvement Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Smith ◽  
A Thompson ◽  
P Stanier ◽  
J Rooker ◽  
I Lowdon
Keyword(s):  
Final Report ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Wrist Trauma ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Aim To improve the efficiency of intraoperative hand trauma x-ray review, introduce a scoring system for quality of fixation achieved and use this as an education and feedback tool for trainees. Method A large QI project in 2019 demonstrated that intra-operative images taken using the mini C-arm were not being reviewed. In March 2020 the first QI cycle introduced an Access database to ensure that as cases were removed from the trauma board, they were added to a review list. Each x-ray was also scored in the trauma meeting (good, acceptable, poor) to assess the radiographic quality of fixation. The second QI cycle identified the named surgeon for each case, allowing surgeon specific feedback. Finally, we trained all qualified users of the mini C-arm to upload their own images after each case, reducing the mean time to upload. Results This QI project has improved the review rate of mini C-arm images from 30% to 100% and every x-ray is scored. The mean time to review images has reduced from 4 days to less than 24 hours. All trainees can access their scores for imaged hand and wrist trauma and receive written constructive feedback. Conclusions This project ensures appropriate and prompt review of all hand and wrist trauma cases allowing early identification of any concerns. All x-rays are scored, and this process acts as an educational prompt in the trauma meeting. A final report can be printed for each trainee which can be uploaded to their portfolio to document their surgical progress.

scholarly journals The reflexion of X-rays from the ‘anti-phase nuclei’ of AuCu 3

1943 ◽  
Vol 181 (987) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Integral Breadth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
The Mean

Jones & Sykes have observed that the superlattice lines in X-ray photographs of AuCu 3 , are not always as sharp as the main lines, and that the broadening depends markedly on the indices of the line. They explain these phenomena by assuming that the crystals of AuCu 3 contain many ‘anti-phase nuclei’ in which the superlattice is organized in different ways. In the present paper it is shown that the integral breadth of a reflexion from a crystal in which all the unit cells are not the same is λ J 0 /cos θ ƒ J t dt , where J t is the mean value of the product FF* of the structure factors of two unit cells separated a distance t in the hkl direction. Detailed calculations are made of the broadening to be expected from five different ways in which the nuclei can ‘change step’. Closest agreement with the observed broadening is given by a manner of ‘ changing step ’ in which the gold atoms avoid one another.

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