Corticotrophin stimulation test: inverse correlation between basal serum cortisol and its response to corticotrophin

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Kukreja ◽  
Gerald A. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract. Serum cortisol response to synthetic corticotrophin (B1-24-ACTH) was evaluated in 21 normal subjects. There was significant negative correlation (r = −0.633, P < 0.001) between the basal serum cortisol and the increase in serum cortisol level in response to ACTH. Two subjects had an increase in serum cortisol of less than 194 nm/l (7.0 μg/100 ml) and two additional subjects had an increase of less than 278 nm/l (10.0 μg/100 ml). All subjects had an absolute peak value greater than 583 nm/l (21.0 μg/100 ml) at 30 or 60 min post-ACTH. Inverse correlation between basal serum cortisol and the increase in serum cortisol suggests that in patients who have high basal serum cortisol levels, endogenous ACTH may already have reduced the cortisol reserve of the adrenal gland.

Headache and Cortisol Responses to M-Chlorophenylpiperazine are Highly Correlated

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 400-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc L Gordon ◽  
Richard B Lipton ◽  
Serena-Lynn Brown ◽  
Christina Nakraseive ◽  
Marjorie Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Headache Severity ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Challenge Tests ◽  
Highly Correlated

The serotonin receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) stimulates the release of cortisol and prolactin, and induces migraine-like headaches. We have studied the neuroendocrine and headache responses to m-CPP in 8 subjects with migraine and I0 normal subjects. Each subject underwent two challenge tests, one with 0.25 mg/kg PO of m-CPP and the other with placebo, administered in a double-blind crossover format. Serial measurements of serum cortisol, prolactin, and m-CPP levels were made at 30-min intervals for 210 min following ingestion of the medication. The incidence and severity of headache was assessed by a structured telephone interview after each test. We confirmed that m-CPP stimulates the release of cortisol and prolactin, and may induce headache, in both migraine subjects and normal controls. The cortisol response as well as ratings of headache severity and duration directly correlated with plasma levels of m-CPP. There were highly significant associations between the cortisol response and both headache severity and duration, independent of m-CPP plasma levels. We did not find statistically significant differences between the migraine and normal subjects in terms of their neuroendocrine or headache responses to m-CPP.

Serum Erythropoietin Concentrations and Iron Status in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuichi Seguchi ◽  
Teruo Shima ◽  
Moriharu Misaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Takarada ◽  
Toni Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Erythropoietin

Abstract We studied the relationship between serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentration and iron status in 67 patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Serum concentrations of EPO were measured by RIA with recombinant human EPO. The geometric mean of the serum EPO concentration was 10.9 int. units/L (mean +/- SD range = 7.8 - 15.3 int. units/L) in hemodialysis patients, considerably lower than that in normal subjects (12.9 int. units/L). We found no significant correlation between concentrations of serum EPO and hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients, but found a significant negative correlation between serum concentrations of EPO and iron in hemodialysis patients. Moreover, we also found a significant positive correlation between the EPO concentration and the unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) in serum, and a significant negative correlation between the serum concentrations of EPO and ferritin in hemodialysis patients. Several patients who had relatively high EPO concentrations for hemodialysis patients also had low iron concentrations, high UIBC values, and low ferritin concentrations. These findings suggest that iron was utilized even at these EPO concentrations, which were very low for the degree of anemia observed in the hemodialysis patients.

scholarly journals A study of serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Swaroopa Subhash ◽  
R. S. Bindu ◽  
Pradeep S. Nair ◽  
Anuja Elizabeth George
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: Primary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels in patients with lichen planus (LP) and normal subjects. The secondary objective was to compare between the serum cortisol levels of LP patients with and without oral lesions. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study comparing the serum cortisol levels in patients with LP with that of age- and gender-matched normal subjects who attended a tertiary referral centre. Results: There were a total of 52 patients with LP in this study. The mean age was 48.1 ± 12.6 years. Male/female ratio was 1:1.9. Fifteen (28.8%) patients gave a history of recent stress in the 1 month before the onset of illness. Classical LP (34, 65.4%) was the most common type. Oral cavity was involved in 24 patients (46.2%). The mean serum cortisol level of patients with LP was higher than the same noted in age- and gender-matched normal subjects and this was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Statistically significant difference (P = 0.02) was noted between the serum cortisol levels of patients with different types of LP. No significant difference in the cortisol levels was observed between LP patients with and without oral lesions. Limitations: The main limitation of the study was the small sample size. Conclusion: This study showed a significant increase in serum cortisol levels in patients with LP when compared to normal subjects, while no significant difference was noted in cortisol levels between LP patients with and without oral lesions.

Aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptors of mononuclear leukocytes in diabetic subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Shimada ◽  
Keigo Yasuda ◽  
Akihiro Mori ◽  
Huiping Ni ◽  
Leilani B Mercado-Asis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

We present the characteristic features of mineralocorticoid receptor regulation in human mononuclear leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eighteen diabetic patients (3M and 15F, aged from 28 to 77 years with a mean of 53±14 (mean±sd) years) and 7 normal subjects (6M and IF, aged from 29 to 59 years with a mean of 41±13 years) were studied. The mean plasma aldosterone concentration in the diabetic patients was significantly lower than that in the normal subjects (137±62 vs 189±36 pmol/l, p<0.05). Seven of the 18 diabetic patients were hypoaldosteronemic. These 7 patients, however, showed normokalemia, except one with mild hyperpotassemia. The number of binding sites of [3H]aldosterone to mineralocorticoid receptor in the diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in the normal subjects (853±281 vs 488±109 sites/cell, p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Kd of [3H]aldosterone binding to mineralocorticoid receptor between the diabetic patients and normal subjects (1.34±0.37 vs 0.99±0.61 nmol/l). In the diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was observed (r=0.70, p<0.01) between plasma aldosterone concentration and the binding sites, but not between plasma aldosterone concentration and Kd. In the total subjects, including normal subjects and diabetic patients, a significant negative correlation was also found between plasma aldosterone concentration and binding sites (r=0.72, p<0.001). These results suggest that increased binding sites of mineralocorticoid receptor may help to prevent diabetic patients from being hyperkalemic.

scholarly journals Convergence in hydraulic architecture, water relations and primary productivity amongst habitats and across seasons in Sydney

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catriona Macinnis-Ng ◽  
Kate McClenahan ◽  
Derek Eamus
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hydraulic Architecture ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Huber Value ◽  
The Cost

Convergence in leaf traits across biomes demonstrates generality in plant functioning. Relationships between hydraulic architecture and photosynthesis are less well studied. We investigated convergence in minimum leaf water potential (Ψmin), conductivity per sapwood area (ks), Huber value (Hv) and xylem embolism and photosynthesis in four habitats across two seasons (summer and winter) in the Sydney region in heathland, woodland (ridge-top), woodland (below-ridge) and mangrove. Seasonality strongly influenced all parameters in all habitats. Winter Ψmin values were lower than those for summer in the heathland and both woodland habitats but summer Ψmin values were lower than those for winter in the mangrove. Summer ks values were higher than winter values in all habitats, while Hv was higher in winter than summer for all habitats. Loss of conductance due to xylem embolism was larger in summer than winter in eight of 11 species. We also investigated relationships between the hydraulic parameters across habitats. There was a strong, significant inverse correlation between log-transformed Hv and log-transformed ks, which held across the seasons. There were significant inverse correlations between Ψmin and xylem embolism, which held within seasons but not across seasons. We found a strong, significant positive correlation between ks and Ψmin also within seasons but not across seasons and a significant negative correlation between xylem embolism and ks for winter but only a weak negative correlation between xylem embolism and ks for summer. We believe the seasonal patterns and relationships in hydraulic architecture and water relations are driven by the cost of efficient sapwood. This is demonstrated by the negative correlation between photosynthetic rate and ks in winter.

scholarly journals PSIII-9 Effect of maternal immune activation during gestation on piglets’ cortisol response to stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
Courtni R Sizemore ◽  
Haley E Rymut ◽  
Alexandra K Houser ◽  
Laurie A Rund ◽  
Rodney W Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Response To Stress

Abstract Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation can affect the ability of the offspring to cope with stress such as weaning. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid released in response to stress, is an established indicator of stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cortisol response to weaning stress of offspring exposed to MIA during gestation. Camborough gilts were inseminated at approximately 235 days of age. On gestational day 76, gilts (n = 11) were inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) intranasally whereas saline was intranasally administered to Control gilts (n = 7). On postnatal day (PD) 21 approximately half of the male and female piglets remained with sows (suckled) while the rest were weaned. Blood was collected from the piglets prior to weaning on PD21 and at PD22. ELISA was used to measure cortisol in the serum. The analysis of cortisol concentration tested for the fixed effects of gilt treatment (PRRSV or Control), piglet sex (female or male), management (suckled or weaned), day of sampling (PD21 or PD22), interactions, and for Normality assumptions. At PD22 female weaned piglets had a higher level of cortisol when compared to female suckled piglets in both Control (P &lt; 0.05) and PRRSV (P &lt; 0.05). Males exhibited a similar trend that did not reach significance. Cortisol concentrations were lower in male piglets from Control relative to PRRSV-treated gilts and the differences were more pronounced among the suckled group. The results suggest that MIA elevates basal serum cortisol in unstressed males. This study is supported by USDA NIFA AFRI, 2018-67015-27413.

MORNING SERUM CORTISOL LEVEL PREDICTS CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY DIAGNOSED BY INSULIN TOLERANCE TEST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gasco ◽  
Chiara Bima ◽  
Alice Geranzani ◽  
Jacopo Giannelli ◽  
Lorenzo Marinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Tolerance Test ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Morning Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Cortisol Concentration

Introduction According to guidelines, a morning serum cortisol level <83 nmol/L is diagnostic for central adrenal insufficiency (CAI), a value >414 nmol/L excludes CAI, while values between 83 and 414 nmol/L require stimulation tests. However, there are no currently reliable data on morning serum cortisol for prediction of cortisol response to insulin tolerance test (ITT). Objective Using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the purpose of this study was to detect the morning serum cortisol cut-off with a specificity (SP) or a sensitivity (SE) above 95% that identify those patients who should not be tested with ITT. Methods We included 141 adult patients (83 males) aged 42.7+/-12.3 (mean +/- SD) years old. Based on serum cortisol response to ITT, patients have been divided in two groups: subjects with CAI (peak serum cortisol <500 nmol/L; 65 patients) and subjects with preserved adrenocortical function (peak cortisol >500 nmol/L; 76 patients). Results The best morning cortisol cut-off, in terms of SE (87.7%) and SP (46.1%), was ≤323.3 nmol/L. The cut-off of morning serum cortisol concentration that best predicted a deficient response to ITT was ≤126.4 nmol/L (SE 13.8%, SP 98.7%). The cut-off of morning serum cortisol concentration that best predicted a normal response to ITT was >444.7 nmol/L (SE 96.9%, SP 14.5%). Conclusions This is the first study that identifies a morning serum cortisol cut-off that best predict the response to ITT in order to simplify the diagnostic process in patients with suspected CAI. A new diagnostic flow chart for CAI is proposed.

Effects of Acupuncture on Serum Cortisol Level and Dopamine Beta-hydroxylase Activity in Normal Chinese

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Ching Lee ◽  
Shih-Jiun Yin ◽  
Mei-Ling Lee ◽  
Wen-Jr Tsai ◽  
Cho-Boon Sim
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Cortisol Increase

Serum cortisol levels were determined in 40 normal Chinese and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activities were measured in 22 normal subjects before and after acupuncture treatment. All subjects were studied twice with an interval of one week or more. In the self-control study, the subjects were needled at 5 non-acupuncture loci. in the experimental study, they were needled at the following 5 traditional acupuncture loci - right side GB-20, both sides EH-6, and both sides St-36. Blood samples were withdrawn before acupuncture and 15 and 45 min. after acupuncture. No change of serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity was observed. Serum cortisol levels increased significantly after needling on the traditional acupuncture loci. After acupuncture for 15 and 45 min., the cortisol increase was 28 and 50%, respectively, as compared to the self-control studies. The beneficial effect of acupuncture in the treatment of functional disorders, therefore, may be mediated by cortisol or other hormones and neurohormones.

scholarly journals Correlation of uric acid, urea, ammonia and creatinine of seminal plasma with semen parameters and fertilization rate of infertile couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Allahkarami ◽  
Mojgan Atabakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Nabi Moradi ◽  
Hadi Ghasemi ◽  
Maryam Bahmanzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

Background: Ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine are the major non-protein nitrogenous compounds (NPNs). It is reported that the concentration of NPNs in the seminal plasma of normal and infertile individuals is different and sperm is affected by NPNs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the quantities of ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine in seminal plasma and the correlation of these compounds with the fertilization rate after an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: The levels of ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were determined in seminal plasma collected from 50 men. The ammonia and urea were determined by L-glutamate dehydrogenase and diacetyl monoxime method, respectively. Uric acid and creatinine were detected by enzymatic method and Jaffe reaction, respectively. The fertilization was evaluated around 16–18 hours post-ICSI on the appearance of 2 pronuclei and 2 polar bodies. The fertilization rate was calculated by the number of fertilized oocytes per the number of oocytes injected. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between seminal ammonia and sperm motility (P<0.05). Urea and creatinine had a negative correlation with respect to the sperm count (P<0.05). In addition, there was an inverse correlation between urea and uric acid of seminal plasma and sperm morphology (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between seminal uric acid and urea with respect to the percentage of the fertilization rate (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that urea and uric acid in seminal plasma have a negative impact on the fertilization rate.

scholarly journals THE ICET-A SURVEY ON CURRENT CRITERIA USED BY CLINICIANS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CENTRAL ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY IN THALASSEMIA: ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2016034
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Acth Stimulation Test ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Central Adrenal Insufficiency

Introduction: In March 2015, the International Network of Clinicians for Endocrinopathies in Thalassemia and Adolescent Medicine (ICET-A) implemented a two-step survey on central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) assessment in TM patients and after analysis of the collected data,  recommendations for the assessment of hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis in clinical practice were defined.Methods: To ascertain the current practice for assessment of CAI in thalassemia, the Coordinator of ICET-A sent two questionnaires by email: i) The first to evaluate the current interpretation of basal serum cortisol level (first step) and ii) The second to evaluate the current usage of ACTH test and the variability in practice" (second step). Based on the surveys the core ICET-A group prepared the recommendations for the assessment of suspected CAI in thalassemia (third step).Results: A total of 19 thalassemologists/endocrinologists have participated in the first survey and 35 specialists participated in the second step questionnaire. The survey demonstrated a considerable variability in almost all aspects of relevant current criteria used for the diagnosis of CAI.  A ROC analysis using peak value > 20 μg/dl (> 550 nmol/L), after ACTH stimulation test, was performed with the aim of identifying the optimal basal serum cortisol cut-off. The optimal threshold that maximizes sensitivity plus specificity for morning basal cortisol against peak post-ACTH value >20 μg/dl (>550 nmol/L) was 10 μg/dl (275 nmol/L).,Furthermore, the values associated with highest negative predictive value (NPV) and highest, positive predictive value (PPV) were 4.20 (115 nmol/L) and 18.45 μg/dl (510 nmol/L), respectively.Surprisingly, 20 specialists in thalassemia working in blood bank, thalassemia centres (day hospital), internal medicine, hematology and onco-hematology had poor knowledge and experience in testing for CAI and stopped filling the questionnaire after the second question. In contrast, 9 endocrinologists (8 pediatricians) and 6 hematologists working in collaboration with endocrinologists completed the questionnaire.Conclusions: While waiting more extensive adequately powered and targeted studies, physicians should adopt an acceptable policy for accurate assessment of HPA in TM patients. Regular surveillance, early diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in a multi-disciplinary specialized setting are also recommended. The ICET-A recommendations are reported in order to facilitate for interested physicians the approach to successful assessment of adrenal function in thalassemia. Key words: Thalassemia, adrenal insufficiency, pitfall in the diagnosis, ACTH stimulation test, guidelines.

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