Age-related changes in the feedback regulation of gonadotrophin secretion by sex steroids in men

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Muta ◽  
Ken-ichi Kato ◽  
Yasuo Akamine ◽  
Hiroshi Ibayashi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

Abstract. In order to clarify the age-related functional changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men, the negative feedback control of serum gonadotrophin by sex steroids was studied in 39 young (18–34 years) and 49 elderly (62–95 years) men. Mean basal LH and FSH levels and the responsiveness to synthetic LRH were determined before and after daily im injection of testosterone propionate (TP; 5, 10 or 50 mg/day) or oestradiol benzoate (OeB; 50, 100 or 500 μg/day) for 3 days. After the administration of TP or OeB, serum levels of testosterone or oestradiol were more elevated in the elderly than in the younger group. In the latter, basal LH level decreased significantly at 10 mg/day of TP and so did basal levels of both LH and FSH at 50 and 100 μg/day of OeB. Responses of serum LH and FSH to LRH were inhibited significantly by TP at a dose of 50 mg/day and by OeB at doses of 100 and 500 μg/day. Whereas in the elderly group, basal LH levels and responses of both LH and FSH were not suppressed significantly by TP regardless of the dose. At a dose of 500 μg OeB, serum LH response was decreased remarkably. Per cent suppression of serum LH response at 50 mg TP, as well as those of serum LH and FSH responses at 500 μg OeB in the elderly group, was significantly less than in the younger group. These data indicate that in the elderly men the regulatory system of gonadotrophin secretion appears to manifest a more marked resistance to inhibitory effects of sex steroids, and also suggest that the set-point to sex steroids in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is reset at a higher level in male senescence.

Constipation in patients with comorbidity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Лялюкова ◽  
Е.Н. Логинова
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Age Related

Пациенты пожилого и старческого возраста в силу физиологических причин и коморбидной патологии имеют высокий риск развития запора. Причиной запора чаще всего являются алиментарные факторы и возраст-ассоциированные заболевания и повреждения толстой кишки (дивертикулярная болезнь, ишемия толстой кишки, ректоцеле, геморрой и другие); метаболические, эндокринные расстройства и неврологические заболевания. Возрастные анатомические, структурные и функциональные изменения пищеварительной системы вносят свой вклад в развитие запоров у пожилых. У пациентов «серебряного возраста» отмечено увеличение длины желудочно-кишечного тракта, прогрессирование атрофических, склеротических изменений слизистой и подслизистой оболочки, снижение количества секреторных клеток, замещение мышечных волокон соединительной тканью и др. Все это способствует замедлению транзита по желудочно-кишечному тракту и нарушению акта дефекации. Образ жизни пожилых людей также может способствовать развитию запора. Низкое содержание в рационе клетчатки, употребление преимущественно термически обработанной пищи, нарушение ритма питания (прием пищи 1-2 раза в день) являются одной из причин возникновения запоров у пожилых, чему способствуют трудности при жевании вследствие стоматологических проблем. Колоноскопия показана всем пациентам пожилого и старческого возраста с запором, а выявление «симптомов тревоги» необходимо проводить при каждом визите пациента. Вне зависимости от причины вторичного запора, все пациенты должны осуществлять ряд мер немедикаментозного характера, включающих изменение образа жизни, диету с включением достаточного количества клетчатки и потребление жидкости. Физические методы лечения могут включать лечебную гимнастику, массаж толстой кишки для стимуляции моторной активности кишечника в определенное время. При неэффективности немедикаментозных мероприятий рекомендуется использование осмотических слабительных, а также средств, увеличивающих объем каловых масс. Высокая эффективность и безопасность псиллиума позволяет рекомендовать его в лечении хронического запора у пожилых пациентов. Elderly and senile patients, due to physiological reasons and comorbid pathology, have a high risk of constipation. The causes of constipation are more often nutritional factors and age-associated diseases and damage to the colon (diverticular disease, colon ischemia, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and others); metabolic, endocrine disorders and neurological diseases. Age-related anatomical, structural and functional changes in the digestive system contribute to the development of constipation in the elderly. In patients of «silver age», there was an increase in the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the progression of atrophic, sclerotic changes in the mucous and submucosa, a decrease in the number of secretory cells, replacement of muscle fibers with connective tissue, etc. All this contributes to the slowing down of transit through the gastrointestinal tract and the violation of the act of defecation. Elderly lifestyles can also contribute to constipation. The low fiber content in the diet, the use of mainly thermally processed food, the violation of the rhythm of the diet (eating 1-2 times a day) are one of the causes of constipation in the elderly, which is facilitated by difficulty in chewing due to dental problems. Colonoscopy is ordered for all elderly and senile patients with constipation, and the identification of «anxiety symptoms» should be carried out at each patient visit. Regardless of the cause of secondary constipation, all patients should take a number of non-pharmacological measures, including lifestyle changes, a diet with adequate fiber, and fluid intake. Physical therapies may include medical gymnastics, colon massage to stimulate bowel movement at specific times. If non-drug measures are ineffective, it is recommended to use osmotic laxatives, as well as agents that increase the volume of feces. Psyllium supplementation is recommended for treatment of chronic constipation in elderly patients due to its high efficacy and safety.

Impaired secretion of growth hormone-releasing hormone, growth hormone and IGF-I in elderly men

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Chenyu Zhang ◽  
Yukinobu Takada ◽  
Ryuichi Yamasaki ◽  
Shiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Ghrh Test

Abstract. The GHRH test and L-dopa test were performed in 12 normal young men (24.1 ± 1.1 years) and 12 normal elderly men (77.8±1.4 years) to investigate age-related changes in secretion of GHRH, GH and IGF-I. The basal plasma levels of GHRH and GH were not significantly different in young and elderly men, but the basal plasma level of IGF-I was higher in the young men (159.0± 11.7 vs 86.7± 11.6 μg/1). The area under the curve for plasma GH in the GHRH test was less in the elderly group (35.1 ±5.9 vs 11.2 ± 2.1 μg · h−1 · 1−1, p<0.001). The AUCs for the plasma GHRH and GH responses in the L-dopa test in young and elderly men were 32.0±2.7 vs 20.3±1.8 ng · h−1 · 1−1 (p<0.001), and 21.8±4.6 vs 5.4±1.1 μg · h−1 · 1 (p<0.01), respectively, indicating decreased releases of GHRH and GH in the elderly. Correlations between the AUCs for plasma GHRH and GH responses in L-dopa were found in both groups, but the ratio of the AUCs for GH/GHRH was lower in the elderly group. The elderly group showed a significant correlation between the basal plasma IGF-I level and the AUCs for plasma GH in the GHRH and L-dopa tests. These results suggest that elderly men have a decreased reserve of hypothalamic GHRH, resulting in secondarily impaired GH release, which may lead to a lower level of IGF-I than in young men.

scholarly journals Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid as Treatment in Elderly and Middle-Aged Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demet Uçar ◽  
Demirhan Dıraçoğlu ◽  
Türker Süleyman ◽  
Nalan Çapan
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Age Related ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease. It affects all the joints containing hyaline cartilage. Knee osteoarthritis is the most cumbersome in terms of prevalence and disability. The aim of this study to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in patients with knee osteoarthritis with regard to joint pain and function, as well as patient satisfaction, assessed at one month and at one year, and by age group. Methods: In this prospective randomised study, 172 patients who were diagnosed knee OA and who received three consecutive intra-articular injections of HA weekly were included. Patients 65 years of age or older were accepted as the “elderly group”, and those under 65 were accepted as the “middle-aged group”. Clinical evaluations of efficacy and safety were conducted at the beginning of the study, one month after the third injection, and one year after the third injection. Results: In the two groups, the intragroup analysis revealed significant improvements following injection when compared with preinjection values. According to the last followup controls (after 12 months) in the middle-aged group, VAS activity pain, VAS rest pain, WOMAC physical function, and WOMAC pain values were found to be statistically lower when compared with pre-injection values. In the elderly group, no statistically significant differences were found between pre-injection and after 12 months. Conclusion: We can conclude that intra-articular joint HA injections are effective in both young and old patients with OA with regard to pain and functional status over a short-term period. Further, HA injections in patients younger than 65 years can be planned for a one-year period.

Causative factors of taste disorders in the elderly, and therapeutic effects of zinc

2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ikeda ◽  
A Ikui ◽  
A Komiyama ◽  
D Kobayashi ◽  
M Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Taste Disorders

AbstractObjectives:To determine the characteristics of causative factors of taste disorders amongst the elderly, and to examine the therapeutic effect of a zinc agent, taking into account age-related factors.Subjects:A total of 408 patients with taste disorders were divided into three groups by age: 49 years or younger, 50 to 64 years old, and 65 years or older.Results:The incidence of taste disorders caused by drug administration and systemic disease were significantly higher in the elderly group. A serum zinc concentration of 69 µg/dl or lower was found in 33 per cent of the elderly group, significantly more (p < 0.001) than the 19 per cent of the 49 years or younger group with such a concentration. Zinc administration was therapeutically effective in 70 per cent of the whole population studied, and in 74 per cent of the elderly population.Conclusions:In the elderly, the incidence of taste disorders caused by drug administration or systemic disease was significantly greater compared with other age groups. The curative effects of zinc administration were not observed to be influenced by age.

scholarly journals Immunosenescence of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 145-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Wessels ◽  
Judith Jansen ◽  
Lothar Rink ◽  
Peter Uciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Age Related

All immune cells are affected by aging, contributing to the high susceptibility to infections and increased mortality observed in the elderly. The effect of aging on cells of the adaptive immune system is well documented. In contrast, knowledge concerning age-related defects of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) is limited. During the past decade, it has become evident that in addition to their traditional role as phagocytes, neutrophils are able to secrete a wide array of immunomodulating molecules. Their importance is underlined by the finding that genetic defects that lead to neutropenia increase susceptibility to infections. Whereas there is consistence about the constant circulating number of PMN throughout aging, the abilities of tissue infiltration, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst of PMN from aged donors are discussed controversially. Furthermore, there are numerous discrepancies betweenin vivoandin vitroresults, as well as between results for murine and human PMN. Most of the reported functional changes can be explained by defective signaling pathways, but further research is required to get a detailed insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms. This could form the basis for drug development in order to prevent or treat age-related diseases, and thus to unburden the public health systems.

Differential effects of gonadectomy on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour in rams

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. D'Occhio ◽  
K. A. A. Galil ◽  
D. E. Brooks ◽  
B. P. Setchell
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Prolonged Infusion ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Male Sheep

ABSTRACT Castrated sheep were used to study the effects of gonadectomy on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour. In the first experiment serum LH and FSH concentrations were determined in intact rams, recently castrated (2 days and 3 weeks) and long-term castrated animals (> 2 years, wethers) during intravenous testosterone infusion at physiological and supraphysiological levels. In intact rams, testosterone infusions effectively suppressed serum LH whilst FSH levels were suppressed only after prolonged infusion at the supraphysiological dose. Recently castrated sheep, which had higher gonadotrophin levels than intact rams, were less sensitive to testosterone feedback. Neither rate of testosterone infusion had any effect on the raised gonadotrophin levels in wethers. In a second experiment gonadotrophin concentrations and mating behaviour were determined in wethers bearing subdermal polydimethylsiloxane implants of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. Testosterone implants stimulated mating behaviour in all wethers but suppressed gonadotrophins in only a proportion (three out of seven) of the animals. Both oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone suppressed LH and FSH in all wethers, whilst oestradiol, but not dihydrotestosterone, also stimulated mating behaviour. The present findings indicate that testosterone imposes continuing negative feedback on gonadotrophin secretion and that changes in the gonadotrophin regulatory system, which lead eventually to a loss in sensitivity to testosterone feedback, develop soon after gonadectomy. The results also provide the first direct evidence that long-term gonadectomy in male sheep has differential effects on sensitivity to testosterone of brain centres associated with gonadotrophin negative feedback and with mating behaviour. A loss in sensitivity to testosterone feedback in castrated animals may involve a lesion in 5α-reductase, the enzyme required for conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 69–75

Age-related changes in the feedback regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in the immature and adult male rabbit

1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berger ◽  
Ch. Jean-Faucher ◽  
M. De Turckheim ◽  
G. Veyssière ◽  
CI. Jean
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract. Male rabbits were castrated at infantile (30 days), peripubertal (60 days) and adult (7–8 months) stages. Two different doses of testosterone were injected 10 days after castration (5 injections at 12 h intervals). Plasma LH and FSH were determined by RIA 1,5 and 10 days after castration and 1 h after the last injection of testosterone. The response of both gonadotrophins to castration was age-dependent. In 30 day old castrated males LH was not significantly modified and FSH had increased only 10 days after castration. In 60 day old and adult males FSH and LH levels were increased 24 h after castration and continued to rise as time progressed. For both gonadotrophins, the response of adult males to castration was higher than that of immature animals. At all stages studied, the highest dose of testosterone (250 μg/kg body weight) depressed post-castration LH and FSH levels. Twenty-five μg of testosterone per kg body weight was effective to depress LH levels only in 30 day old males, suggesting a change in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit to the negative feedback of androgens. These findings suggest that there are marked changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary unit around the beginning of the peripubertal stage. These changes could play a determinant role in the onset of puberty.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in the impact of coagulopathy in patients with isolated traumatic brain injury: an observational cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Takayama ◽  
Akira Endo ◽  
Hazuki Koguchi ◽  
Kiyoshi Murata ◽  
Yasuhiro Otomo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Correlation Degree ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although age and trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) are well-known predictors of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI), the interaction effect of these two predictors remains unclear.Objectives We assessed age-related differences in the impact of TIC on the outcome following isolated TBI.Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in two tertiary emergency critical care medical centers in Japan from 2013 to 2018. A total of 1036 patients with isolated TBI [head abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥3, and other AIS <3] were selected, and divided into the non-elderly (n = 501, 16-64 years) and elderly group (n = 535, age ≥65 years). We further evaluated the impact of coagulopathy (international normalized ratio ≥1.2, and/or platelet count <120 × 10 9 /L, and/or fibrinogen ≤150 mg/dL) on TBI outcomes [Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) scores, in-hospital mortality, and ventilation-free days (VFD)] in both groups using univariate and multivariate models. Further, we conducted an age-based assessment of the impact of coagulopathy on GOS-E using a generalized additive model.Results The multivariate model showed a significant association of age and coagulopathy with lower GOS-E scores, in-hospital mortality, and shorter VFD in the non-elderly group; however, significant impact of coagulopathy was not observed for all the outcomes in the elderly group. There was a decrease in the correlation degree between coagulopathy and GOS-E scores decreased with age over 65 years old.Conclusions There was a low impact of coagulopathy on functional and survival outcomes in geriatric patients with isolated TBI.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and Serum Levels of Micronutrients in an Elderly Group Who Participate in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM) from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Migdalia Caridad Arazo-Rusindo ◽  
Rommy N. Zúñiga ◽  
Pablo Cortés-Segovia ◽  
Sergio Valenzuela-Benavides ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Daily Intakes

The increase in the Chilean elderly population has promoted public policies to favor an adequate nutrition in later life. This study evaluated the nutritional status, micronutrients intake and serum micronutrients levels of an elderly group beneficiary of the PACAM from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile. Anthropometric and dietary survey (24 h food recalls) were assessed in 182 elderly individuals (60 and 80 years old). Blood serum collection was used to measure the micronutrient status. The sample was comprised by 12.6, 46.1, 28.0 and 13.2% of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese subjects, respectively. Women presented 11% of underweight, 45% of normal weight and 44% of overweight and obese, while men—18, 50 and 32%, respectively. Only the 63% of the elderlies consumed PACAM foods, reaching average daily intakes below (50%) the recommended daily serving. Serum deficiencies of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (88%), vitamin B12 (33%) and calcium (36%) were observed, being the highest ones in the PACAM foods women (60–75 years old). Chilean elderlies presented mainly a normal weight; however, an important proportion of overweight/obese subjects was observed. Although PACAM foods consumption significantly increased the micronutrient intake, it was not enough to ensure an adequate serum micronutrient levels in the elderly.

Influence of anti-oestrogens on gonadotrophin secretion in control and ACTH-infused immature rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mann ◽  
Michael S. Blank ◽  
R. Sridaran ◽  
V. Daniel Castracane ◽  
Charles Eldridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Lh Secretion

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine whether anti-oestrogens (nafoxidine, MER-25) would block the suppressive effects of ACTH on gonadotrophin secretion in immature rats. Female rats were castrated at 25–26 days of age, and an Alzet osmotic minipump containing ACTH (1–24) or saline was implanted in each animal. ACTH was administered at a rate of 1 IU/day by constant infusion. Beginning on the day of surgery, animals were injected daily for 5 days with 0.25, 5 or 25 μg/100 g body weight of nafoxidine or 5 mg MER-25 and sacrificed on the sixth day following castration. ACTH lowered serum LH concentrations and increased pituitary LH levels. Serum androstenedione concentrations were more than two times greater in ACTH-infused than in control rats, but serum oestrone levels were not affected. Serum testosterone and oestradiol concentrations in ACTH-infused rats remained below levels of detection. Administration of 0.25 μg of nafoxidine prevented the suppressive effects of ACTH on serum LH. Serum levels of LH in these animals were comparable to saline-treated controls (418 ± 94 vs 443 ± 73 ng/ml). The two higher doses of nafoxidine and MER-25 were ineffective in suppressing the actions of ACTH on serum LH. MER-25 reduced serum LH values in both controls and ACTH-infused rats. Serum FSH concentrations were not altered by ACTH or nafoxidine treatment. MER-25 elevated pituitary FSH concentrations in both control and ACTH-infused rats. These data suggest that the inhibitory effect of ACTH on LH secretion in immature rats is mediated by an oestrogenic steroid, since this action can be blocked by simultaneous treatment with a low dose of the anti-oestrogen, nafoxidine.

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