Alteration of thyroid function in the early stage of subacute thyroiditis

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Madeddu ◽  
M. Langer ◽  
C. Costanza ◽  
A. R. Casu ◽  
M. L. Arras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Antithyroglobulin Antibodies ◽  
Unilateral Involvement

Abstract. Measurement of serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroxine-binding-globulin (TGB), antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-hTg), thyroid 131I uptake and scanning was performed on 12 patients during the early phase of subacute thyroiditis. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) was measured during baseline conditions and following administration of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH). The stimulation with exogenous TSH was performed on 7 subjects. 131I uptake was depressed in all patients including those with solitary nodules. Free and total hormone concentrations were elevated in the three cases with diffuse gland involvement, whereas an increase of T3 alone was present in 3 patients with unilobar involvement. In the latter group and in the 2 patients with a nodular form T4, FT3 and FT4 levels were within normal limits. Interruption of the pituitary-thyroid feed-back mechanism with absence of thyrotropin response to TRH occurred in 11 patients, independent of whether thyroid hormone concentrations were elevated or normal. In one patient only with unilateral involvement, TSH responsiveness to TRH was normal while 131I uptake was not raised by exogenous TSH, indicating diffuse cellular damage. The normal values of FT3 and FT4 found in patients with normal T3 and T4 levels seem to exclude the possibility that the free hormones are responsible for the interrupted feed-back which represents the main cause of suppressed iodine uptake. However, it is possible that the pituitary-thyroid axis is responding to transient or light increases of free and total T3 and T4 still within their 'normal range'.

scholarly journals The pituitary-thyroid axis in healthy men living under subarctic climatological conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hassi ◽  
K Sikkila ◽  
A Ruokonen ◽  
J Leppaluoto
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Serum Tsh

In order to evaluate the effects of climatic factors on the secretion of thyroid hormones and TSH in a high latitude population, we have taken serum and urine samples from 20 healthy men from northern Finland (67 degrees -68 degrees N) every 2 months for a period of 14 months. Serum free triiodothyronine (T(3)) levels were lower in February than in August (3.9 vs 4.4 pmol/l, P<0.05) and TSH levels were higher in December than during other months (2.1 vs 1.5-1.7 mU/l, P<0.01). Serum total and free thyroxine (T(4)), total T(3) and reverse T(3) levels and urinary T(4) levels were unchanged. Urinary T(3) levels were significantly higher in winter than in summer. Serum free T(3) correlated highly significantly with the outdoor temperature integrated backwards weekly for 7-56 days (r=0.26 for 1-56 days) from the day when the blood samples were taken. Serum TSH did not show any significant correlation with the thyroid hormones or with the integrated temperature of the previous days, but it did show an inverse and significant correlation (r=-0.31) with the ambient luminosity integrated backwards for 7 days from the day when the blood sample was taken. The gradually increasing correlation between outdoor temperatures and serum free T(3) suggests that the disposal of thyroid hormones is accelerated in winter, leading to low serum free T(3) levels and a high urinary free T(3) excretion. Since there was no correlation between thyroid hormones and serum TSH, the feedback mechanism between TSH and thyroid hormones may not be the only contributing factor, and other factors such as ambient luminosity may at least partly determine serum TSH in these conditions. Also urinary free T(3) appears to be a novel and non-invasive indicator for thyroid physiology.

scholarly journals Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Thyroid Function Traits Identifies Novel Associations of fT3 With KLF9 and DOT1L

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lafontaine ◽  
Purdey J Campbell ◽  
Juan E Castillo-Fernandez ◽  
Shelby Mullin ◽  
Ee Mun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Illumina Humanmethylation450 ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Illumina Humanmethylation450 Beadchip ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
Novel Associations

Abstract Context Circulating concentrations of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyrotropin (TSH) are partly heritable traits. Recent studies have advanced knowledge of their genetic architecture. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), may be important in pituitary-thyroid axis regulation and action, but data are limited. Objective To identify novel associations between fT3, fT4, and TSH and differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in the genome in subjects from 2 Australian cohorts. Method We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of thyroid function parameters and DNAm using participants from: Brisbane Systems Genetics Study (median age 14.2 years, n = 563) and the Raine Study (median age 17.0 years, n = 863). Plasma fT3, fT4, and TSH were measured by immunoassay. DNAm levels in blood were assessed using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. Analyses employed generalized linear mixed models to test association between DNAm and thyroid function parameters. Data from the 2 cohorts were meta-analyzed. Results We identified 2 DMPs with epigenome-wide significant (P &lt; 2.4E−7) associations with TSH and 6 with fT3, including cg00049440 in KLF9 (P = 2.88E−10) and cg04173586 in DOT1L (P = 2.09E−16), both genes known to be induced by fT3. All DMPs had a positive association between DNAm and TSH and a negative association between DNAm and fT3. There were no DMPs significantly associated with fT4. We identified 23 differentially methylated regions associated with fT3, fT4, or TSH. Conclusions This study has demonstrated associations between blood-based DNAm and both fT3 and TSH. This may provide insight into mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone action and/or pituitary-thyroid axis function.

scholarly journals TRH Test in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and/or Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Changes in the Pituitary –Thyroid Axis, Reverse T3, Prolactin and Growth Hormone Levels

2008 ◽  
pp. S109-S117
Author(s):  
E Orlická ◽  
K Vondra ◽  
M Hill ◽  
J Skibová ◽  
I Šterzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Thyroid Axis

The response of the pituitary- thyroid axis, reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), prolactin, and growth hormone (GH) levels following TRH stimulus (Relefact TRH 200 microg 2 amp. i.v.) was examined in patients with autoimmune diabetes type 1 (DM1, n=30), with autoimmune thyroiditis (AT, n=25), and with concurrent DM1 and AT (n=22) to evaluate the influence of DM1 and AT of autoimmune pathogenesis on the above-mentioned hormonal parameters. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that: a) the response of TSH did not differ from control groups (C); b) free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and their ratio in DM1, DM1+AT and C rose in 120 and 180 min, while a similar increase was not seen in AT (p<0.000001); c) rT3 was not present in any group, with rT3 levels higher in AT (p<0.00002) and lower in DM1 (p<0.02); d) the response of GH had a paradoxical character in some patients in all groups, most often in DM1 (52 %, DM1 vs C, p <0.01). The characteristic response difference was not in the peak GH level, but the delayed return to basal levels in DM1 (p<0.0001) and an abrupt one in AT (p<0.0001). The major findings in DM1 were the differences in GH response, while significant impairment of pituitary-thyroid axis and PRL response to TRH was absent. AT was associated with impairment of TRH stimulated fT3, fT4, fT3/fT4 response and changes in rT3 levels, in spite of preserved TRH-stimulated TSH secretion. GH response in AT patients was also altered.

Hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis interactions with pineal gland in the rat.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. E416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Brammer ◽  
J E Morley ◽  
E Geller ◽  
A Yuwiler ◽  
J M Hershman
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Melatonin Production

We examined in the rat several possible relationships between the pineal gland and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. The pineal gland, the retina, and the hypothalamus exhibited a diurnal rhythm in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content with peak values occurring around 1200 h. This rhythm in the hypothalamus was abolished by constant light but was not affected by pinealectomy. Nor did pinealectomy affect hypothalamic TRH content, pituitary content of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or prolactin; serum levels of (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), or thyroxine (T4), or serum free-thyroxine index; or free-triiodothyronine index. Melatonin did not affect TSH or prolactin release from the anterior pituitary or TRH release from the hypothalamus in vitro. Isoproterenol did not affect the TRH content of pineal glands in vitro; nor did TRH or T3 affect basal or stimulated activities of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, the presumed controlling enzyme in melatonin production. We found no evidence for significant interactions between the pineal gland and the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.

Transitory subclinical and permanent hypothyroidism in the course of subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serafino Lio ◽  
Alfredo Pontecorvi ◽  
Michela Caruso ◽  
Fabrizio Monaco ◽  
Massimo D'Armiento
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
De Quervain ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Sixty-two patients affected with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) were followed for a mean period of 14 months (range 1–40), by monitoring thyroid hormone levels in basal condition, pituitary TSH reserve, antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and antimicrosomal antibodies (MsAb), in order to study the natural course of the disease and to characterize its intermediate phase. In the first phase the mean serum iodothyronine levels were within normal limits, nevertheless elevated T3 and T4 levels were detected in 34 (54%) and 20 (32%) patients, respectively. The next phase was characterized by normal serum iodothyronine levels; TRH stimulation test, however, showed a significant increase of pituitary TSH reserve in 35 (56%) patients. All parameters reverted gradually towards normal in all but 3 patients, who showed overt permanent hypothyroidism. TgAb and MsAb were positive in the early stage in 15 (24%) and 40 (64%) patients, respectively, disappearing at the end of the follow-up period in all but one patient; this particular patient belonged to the group of 3 patients affected with permanent hypothyroidism. Our data indicate that the onset of SAT is characterized by transient hyperthyroidism and that transient subclinical hypothyroidism characterizes the next phase. TRH stimulation test is required for the diagnosis of the latter and for the identification of the few who develop permanent hypothyroidism.

Enzyme immunoassay of free triiodothyronine in serum.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hata ◽  
K Miyai ◽  
Y Endo ◽  
Y Iijima ◽  
Y Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measurable Range

Abstract In this new solid-phase antibody enzyme immunoassay for free triiodothyronine (FT3) in serum, beta-D-galactosidase conjugated to triiodothyronine is used. Results are uninfluenced by physiological concentrations of thyroxin-binding globulin or albumin. Results correlate well with those determined by equilibrium dialysis (r = 0.95). The mean CVs within and between assays were 6.1 and 9.5%, respectively. The measurable range of FT3 in serum is 0.7 to 26 ng/L; the normal reference interval is 1.9 to 8.9 ng/L. Concentrations of FT3 in serum of patients with hyperthyroidism were high; those of patients with hypothyroidism were within normal limits or low, and those of patients with congenitally decreased or increased TBG were within the normal range. In normal pregnant women, concentrations of FT3 as determined by radioimmunoassay correlated with those of albumin, declining as pregnancy progressed, but FT3 values determined by the proposed method or equilibrium dialysis were within the normal range and did not change during pregnancy.

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