CORRELATION OF REVERSE-T3 AND 3,3′-T2 (T2′) PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS IN MAN

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hüfner ◽  
M. Grussendorf
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Normal Adults

ABSTRACT T2′ plasma levels are measured under different conditions and correlated to the respective rT3 concentrations. Specific RIAs for T2′ and rT3 are used. Pharmacological doses of T3 cause an increase of plasma T2′; if T3 or T4 doses are administered to an athyroid patient which cause a similar level of plasma T3 the increase of T2′ is much larger during T4 treatment. Cord blood levels of T2′ are 2–3-fold higher than in normal adults whereas rT3 concentrations are about 10 times higher than normal. After birth rT3 and T2′ levels decrease in about a parallel manner. After a bolus iv injection of 500 μg rT3, T2′ starts to increase as early as 2 min after injection. PTU in therapeutic doses causes a rapid increase of plasma rT3 with a maximum 4 h after ingestion. A dose of 150 mg PTU causes a maximum of about 100% above baseline. T2′ also increases but to a lesser degree (about 50 % above baseline). We conclude that rT3 is the most important precursor of T2′ whereas T3 contributes only to a minor degree to the total T2′ production under physiological conditions.

Effect of adrenalectomy on the regulation of the secretion of gonadotrophins and prolactin in the lactating rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. van der Schoot ◽  
W. J. de Greef
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
Adrenocortical Hormones ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The suckling stimulus exerts an inhibitory action on the release of gonadotrophins during lactation. The possible involvement of the adrenal glands in this process was examined by studying the plasma levels of gonadotrophins in lactating rats ovariectomized on the day after parturition. It appeared that the suppression, throughout suckling, of the rise in levels of gonadotrophins in blood after ovariectomy occurred to the same extent in adrenalectomized and in sham-operated animals. It thus seems unlikely that adrenocortical hormones, albeit secreted in larger quantities during lactation, exert an inhibitory effect on the release of gonadotrophins. Adrenalectomy had a marked effect on the plasma concentrations of prolactin during the second half of lactation. Whereas plasma concentrations of prolactin in the first half of lactation were similar in adrenalectomized and sham-operated rats, the concentrations in adrenalectomized rats did not undergo the reduction found in sham-operated rats. Adrenal hormones may thus be involved in the reduction of blood levels of prolactin observed in rats and in other mammals as lactation progresses.

Variations in plasma motilin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations and the interdigestive myoelectric complex in dog

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Poitras ◽  
M. Lemoyne ◽  
D. Tasse ◽  
L. Trudel ◽  
T. Y. Yamda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Plasma Motilin ◽  
Related Increase

We have looked at the plasma concentrations of motilin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and somatostatin (STS) during the various phases of the interdigestive motor complex (IDMC) in dogs. As expected, motilin cyclical increase was always associated with the phase III of the IDMC. Statistical analysis of PP variations revealed a significant rise 10 min before duodenal phase III; however, in individual animals, this relationship was inconsistent. Although a dose-related increase in PP blood levels was induced by administration of synthetic canine motilin (0–200 ng kg−1 iv), fasting plasma levels of PP were not correlated with the concentrations of circulating endogenous motilin. After truncal vagotomy, while motilin release and the intestinal motility pattern remained unaltered, the phase III associated cyclical increases of PP disappeared. Infusion of physiological amounts of PP (1 μg kg−1 h−1 for 3 h) mimicking the postprandial release failed to reproduce a fed pattern type of intestinal motility and of motilin secretion. No statistical correlation could be established between STS plasma levels and the motor activity of the intestine. STS plasma levels were not correlated with circulating concentrations of motilin and the exogenous administration of physiological doses of synthetic canine motilin failed to modify STS plasma levels. Morphine (200 μg kg−1 iv) stimulated only the release of motilin. These data suggest that the role played by circulating concentrations of PP and STS in the control of the IDMC in dog is at most minimal.

Photochemical and Photophysical Properties of 4- Acyl [2.2] paracyclophanes

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Hopf ◽  
Thomas Laue ◽  
Maximilian Zander
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Open Chain ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Type 3

Abstract Photochemical and photophysical properties of 4-benzoyl[2.2]paracyclophane (3) and 4-acetyl[ 2.2]paracyclophane (5) have been studied. In contrast to benzophenone and acetophenone, respectively, the lowest triplet state of 3 and 5 is of the τ, τ*-type. 3 is photochemically reactive. Photoenolization (in solution at lower temperature) is the main reaction pathway while bond fission of an exocyclic C-C bond of the formed photoenol leading to an alkylated open-chain benzophenone derivative takes place to a minor degree. Photoenolization of 3 is the first example of this type of photochemical reaction observed with a cyclophane compound, and at the same time is a novel example of the violation of Bredt's rule. Under certain experimental conditions 3 and 5 may be usable as chiral triplet sensitizers in photochemical reactions

EFFECT OF α-MSH ON PLASMA LEVELS OF LH, FSH, PROGESTERONE AND CORTISOL DURING THE CORPUS LUTEUM PHASE OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Runnebaum ◽  
J. Heep ◽  
W. Geiger ◽  
P. Vecsei ◽  
J. Andor
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Intravenous Infusions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT In healthy women (21–28 years) the influence of synthetic α-MSH upon the peripheral plasma levels of LH, FSH, progesterone and cortisol was determined during the corpus luteum phase of the menstrual cycle. As controls 3 women were given 6 intravenous infusions of 250 ml NaCl; 4 women received a total of 18 intravenous infusions of 5–20 mg α-MSH from 9.00 to 11.00 a. m. on the 5th and 7th hyperthermic day of the menstrual cycle. The blood levels of the hormones were usually followed for 24 h, and in two cases for 48 h. During and after the control as well as the experimental infusions with 5–20 mg α-MSH, no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and progesterone were found. The cortisol concentrations, however, showed on the average a 2-fold increase over the initial values during the infusion of 5 mg and 10 mg α-MSH. During the control infusions they were not enhanced. One experiment was conducted with 20 mg α-MSH. The increase in the plasma cortisol levels following α-MSH administration generally seemed to be dose dependent, but statistically no significant differences regarding the increase in cortisol level could be detected between the 5 mg and 10 mg doses.

Parallel Reduction of Plasma Levels of High and Low Molecular Weight Kininogen in Patients with Cirrhosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1428-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Scott ◽  
Francesco Salerno ◽  
Elettra Lorenzano ◽  
Werner Müller-Esterl ◽  
Angelo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Major Band ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Normal Controls

SummaryLittle is known about the regulation of high-molecular-weight-kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight-kininogen (LK) or the relationship of each to the degree of liver function impairment in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, we evaluated HK and LK quantitatively by a recently described particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay (PCFIA) and qualitatively by SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses in plasma from 33 patients with cirrhosis presenting various degrees of impairment of liver function. Thirty-three healthy subjects served as normal controls. Patients with cirrhosis had significantly lower plasma levels of HK (median 49 μg/ml [range 22-99 μg/ml]) and LK (58 μg/ml [15-100 μg/ml]) than normal subjects (HK 83 μg/ml [65-115 μg/ml]; LK 80 μg/ml [45-120 μg/ml]) (p < 0.0001). The plasma concentrations of HK and LK were directly related to plasma levels of cholinesterase (P < 0.0001) and albumin (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) and inversely to the Child-Pugh score (P < 0.0001) and to prothrombin time ratio (P < 0.0001) (reflecting the clinical and laboratory abnormalities in liver disease). Similar to normal individuals, in patients with cirrhosis, plasma HK and LK levels paralleled one another, suggesting that a coordinate regulation of those proteins persists in liver disease. SDS PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of kininogens in cirrhotic plasma showed a pattern similar to that observed in normal controls for LK (a single band at 66 kDa) with some lower molecular weight forms noted in cirrhotic plasma. A slight increase of cleavage of HK (a major band at 130 kDa and a faint but increased band at 107 kDa) was evident. The increased cleavage of HK was confirmed by the lower cleaved kininogen index (CKI), as compared to normal controls. These data suggest a defect in hepatic synthesis as well as increased destructive cleavage of both kininogens in plasma from patients with cirrhosis. The decrease of important regulatory proteins like kininogens may contribute to the imbalance in coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, which frequently occurs in cirrhotic patients.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

Platelet Incorporation of Labelled Adenosine and Adenosine Diphosphate

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 304-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W Salzman ◽  
T. P Ashford ◽  
D. A Chambers ◽  
Lena L. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Platelet Inhibition ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Plasma Marker ◽  
Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽  
Simultaneous Assessment

SummaryAfter incubation of platelet-rich plasma with labelled adenosine or ADP, platelet incorporation of radioactivity was assessed. Platelets were rapidly separated for counting by filtration through cellulose acetate Millipore. Inulin-H3 served as a plasma marker, and triple isotope techniques permitted simultaneous assessment of the behavior of the adenine and phosphate moieties of ADP without washing of platelets. In other experiments, electron microscopic radioautography was employed to trace the label after platelet incorporation.The results were consistent with previous reports that ADP is dephosphorylated in plasma and is incorporated by platelets only as a dephosphorylated residue, probably adenosine. The label crossed the platelet membrane and entered the platelet, where it was distributed in platelet granules and the agranular cell sap. Concentration within granules occurred to a minor degree.The results support the hypothesis that platelet aggregation by ADP occurs without a persistent bond of ADP to the platelet. Inhibition of aggregation by adenosine probably depends on a metabolic or transport process rather than on competition between adenosine and ADP for platelet binding sites.

Elevated Circulating P-Selectin in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 328-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Jilma ◽  
Peter Fasching ◽  
Christine Ruthner ◽  
Anna Rumplmayr ◽  
Sabine Ruzicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Insulin Dependent

SummaryBased on findings that showed increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), we hypothesized that also plasma concentrations of circulating (c)P-selectin would be increased in these patients.The aim of this study was to compare the plasma levels of cP-selec-tin between non-smoking patients with IDDM, treated with an intensified insulin therapy, and healthy controls. The study design was prospective, cross-sectional and analyst-blinded. Subjects were matched individually for sex, age and body mass index. Plasma levels of cP-selectin and of von Willebrand antigen (vWF-Ag) were determined by enzyme linked immunoassays.Forty-two pairs were available for intergroup comparison. Median plasma concentrations of cP-selectin in patients with IDDM (285 ng/ml; interquartile range: 233-372) were on average 21% higher than those of controls (236 ng/ml; interquartile range: 175-296; p = 0.004). Also, median plasma levels of vWF-Ag were 10% higher in patients (96 U/dl; interquartile range: 82-127) than controls (87 U/dl; interquartile range: 70-104; p = 0.025). There was no correlation between plasma concentrations of cP-selectin and vWF-Ag levels in either group (p ώ0.05).In conclusion, our results of increased cP-selectin levels are in line with increased P-selectin expression on platelets and on choroidal microvessels found in patients with IDDM. In view of the currently developed small molecule inhibitors of cell adhesion molecules, these independent observations together may provide a sound rationale to select P-selectin as a target for treating or preventing IDDM-associated micro- or macrovascular complications.

INFLUENCE OF METYRAPONE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE IN MAN

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. Nilsson ◽  
B. Hökfelt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

ABSTRACT Metyrapone was administered either orally, 750 mg every four h, in a total of six doses, or intravenously 30 mg per kg body weight as a four h infusion. In three males with normal endocrine functions, metyrapone given orally or intravenously induced a fall in plasma testosterone and an elevation of androstenedione within 2–8 h. When metyrapone was administered to a patient given dexamethasone to suppress endogenous ACTH production, the androstenedione levels did not alter whereas the testosterone levels showed a slight, transient decrease. In two normal females metyrapone administration was followed by a marked increase in plasma androstenedione whereas testosterone showed only a minor, gradual increase. In one male patient with Addison's disease the basal plasma testosterone was normal whereas the level of androstenedione was low. Following metyrapone intravenously, there was a slight suppression of plasma testosterone but no change in the androstenedione concentration. In one patient with primary hypogonadism, two with secondary hypogonadism and two with Klinefelter's syndrome the plasma testosterone was low under basal conditions and did not change following metyrapone. Basal plasma androstenedione was within the range for normal males and increased markedly following metyrapone in all the cases.

Artemeter-Lumefantrine therapeutic efficacy, safety and plasma levels in patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria from the Colombian Pacific región

Infectio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Alberto Tobón-Castaño ◽  
Luisa Garcés-Murillo ◽  
Alexandra Ríos-Orrego ◽  
Jehidys Montiel-Ramos ◽  
Briegel De Las Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Therapeutic Failure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Drug Clinical Trial ◽  
Parasitological Response

Introduction: In Colombia, the published studies for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with Artemether-Lumefantrine are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of this combination.Methods: A clinical trial was performed in adults with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria using the 28-day World Health Organization validated protocol. Patients received supervised antimalarial treatment and the primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical and parasitological response. Safety was assessed through adverse events surveillance and plasmatic levels of antimalarial drugs were measured.Results: 88 patients were included. Adequate clinical and parasitological response rate of 100% on day 28 was achieved in 84 patients, diagnosed by thick blood smear examination. There were four parasitological therapeutic failures (5%) detected by polymerase chain reaction.Discusion: Therapeutic efficacy similar to previous studies was established with a slight increase in therapeutic failure. The serum levels of the antimalarials were adequate and the few cases of therapeutic failure were not related.Conclusion: Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria with Artemeter-Lumefantrine was effective and safe in the study population. All patients reached adequate plasma concentrations of the drugs; therapeutic failures were not associated with low blood levels of the drug clinical trial.

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