PITUITARY LH AND FSH AND TESTOSTERONE SECRETION IN INFANTS WITH UNDESCENDED TESTES

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Job ◽  
Dominique Gendrel ◽  
Anne Safar ◽  
Marc Roger ◽  
Jean-Louis Chaussain
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Undescended Testes ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT Twelve male infants with undescended testes (5 bilaterally, 7 unilaterally) were studied between the ages of 1 week and 11 months. As in older pre-pubertal cryptorchid boys, a significant decrease of the LH response to LH-RH test was found, while basal plasma levels of gonadotrophins and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. Plasma testosterone levels were in the normal range, and Leydig cells responded to stimulation by HCG, the degree of this response being significantly and positively correlated to the LH peak elicited by LH-RH. It may be concluded that some early defect of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis is associated with undescended testes.

CORRELATION OF PITUITARY AND TESTICULAR RESPONSES TO STIMULATION TESTS IN CRYPTORCHID CHILDREN

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Gendrel ◽  
Marc Roger ◽  
Jean-Louis Chaussain ◽  
Pierre Canlorbe ◽  
Jean-Claude Job
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT LH-RH test and HCG stimulation test were performed in 154 cryptorchid boys aged 1 month to 15 years (64 unilateral and 90 bilateral). Basal plasma LH levels and LH response to LH-RH were significantly lower from infancy to early puberty in cryptorchids compared with controls. Basal FSH levels and FSH response to LH-RH were normal. The post-HCG rise of plasma testosterone was reduced until mid-puberty. A significant positive correlation was found between post-HCG testosterone levels and pre- and post-LH-RH levels of LH. This correlation suggests that testicular maldescent and the decreased ability of Leydig cells to respond to a short course of HCG may result from an early defect or a delay of pituitary LH secretion.

THE EFFECT OF GONADOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE ON PITUITARY-GONADAL FUNCTION IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Smals ◽  
P. W. C. Kloppenborg ◽  
R. M. Lequin ◽  
Th. J. Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT The mean basal plasma LH and FSH levels in 8 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome were respectively 5 and 15-fold higher than in 8 eugonadal males, whereas plasma testosterone concentration were half the normal value After an intravenous bolus injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (100 μg of LH-RH) the gonadotrophin increase in the Klinefelter patients was more marked than in the control subjects, but in both groups the plasma testosterone levels remained essentially unchanged. In contrast to the bolus injection, an 8 h infusion of LH-RH after the bolus elicited a significant plasma testosterone increase in both the eugonadal males (59%) and the Klinefelter patients (51%). These findings indicate that despite an impressive endogenous hypergonadotrophism, Leydig cells in Klinefelter's syndrome can still respond to a sustained further increase of these endogenous gonadotrophins and thus still have functional reserve.

Postpuberal evaluation of spermiogram and hormonal status in patients operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
P. Legovini ◽  
E. De Menis ◽  
G.C. Foscolo ◽  
F. Breda ◽  
G.C. Schiavon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Testicular Ectopia ◽  
Healthy Males

The pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis, after puberty, have been evaluated in 93 patients, operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia, by the assessment of plasma testosterone, gonadotropins after GnRH stimulation and semen analysis. 12 healthy males formed the control group. Only bilateral cryptorchid patients showed abnormalities in the pituitary-Leydig cell axis with significantly higher basal and stimulated LH values than controls. Oligospermia was more frequent in cryptorchid cases (48%) than in ectopia (13%) and was accompanied by a significant increase of FSH concentration compared to controls. No relation was found between age at operation and sperm count. These data suggest that cryptorchidism and ectopia have different consequences on hormonal status and fertility.

scholarly journals Mumps Virus Decreases Testosterone Production and Gamma Interferon-Induced Protein 10 Secretion by Human Leydig Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 3297-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Le Goffic ◽  
Thomas Mouchel ◽  
Annick Ruffault ◽  
Jean-Jacques Patard ◽  
Bernard Jégou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Production

ABSTRACT Mumps virus is responsible for sterility. Here, we show that the mumps virus infects Leydig cells in vitro and totally inhibits testosterone secretion and that ribavirin in mumps virus-infected Leydig cell cultures completely restores testosterone production. Moreover, we show that gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) is highly expressed by mumps virus-infected Leydig cells and that ribavirin does not block IP-10 production.

248. Oestrogen receptor beta is involved in the regulation of Leydig cell number in the mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
M. Gould ◽  
H. D. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Beta

Recent evidence suggests that oestrogen plays a physiological role in the testis. Both oestrogen receptor alpha and oestrogen receptor beta (ERb) are present in the testis and administration of oestrogen has been shown to inhibit the development of Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells. This study investigates the effect of ERb on the testis using ERb knockout mice (bERKO). Adult male bERKO mice (n=8) and their wild-type littermates (n=7) were killed at 11 weeks postpartum. One testis from each animal was fixed in Bouin’s fluid and embedded. Each testis was fractionated and thick sections cut and stained with PAS. The optical disector method was used to count the number of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in each testis. Trunk blood was collected and plasma testosterone concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay. No significant differences in body or testis weight were seen between the bERKO or wild-type mice. Similar numbers of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids were also observed between the two groups. The number of Leydig cells was significantly increased in bERKO mice compared with their wild-type littermates (P < 0.05). Despite the increased number of Leydig cells in the bERKO mice there was no significant difference in plasma testosterone concentrations in this group compared to the wild-type mice. Oestrogen has been reported to inhibit proliferation of adult-type Leydig cells and to inhibit steroidogenesis. This study suggests that the regulation of Leydig cell proliferation may be mediated by ERb. The presence of normal circulating testosterone concentrations in bERKO mice suggests that the effects of oestrogen on steroidogenesis are not brought about by ERbeta.

Effects of melatonin treatment on Leydig cell activity in the testis of the frog Rana esculenta

Zygote ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela d'Istria ◽  
Ismene Serino ◽  
Gaia Izzo ◽  
Diana Ferrara ◽  
Gianluca De Rienzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Testosterone Secretion

This study was conducted to verify the effect(s) of melatonin treatment on frog Leydig cells. Morphological observation after melatonin treatment indicates that many frog Leydig cells show degenerative changes (i.e. heterochromatic nuclei, loss of cellular adhesion) while in adjacent germinal tubules several Sertoli cells show heterochromatic nuclei, confirming the presence of a paracrine effect between interstitial and germinal compartments. The effect of melatonin on frog Leydig cell steroidogenesis was investigated in in vitro experiments; after 6 h of incubation melatonin severely inhibits both control and GnRH-induced testosterone secretion. In addition, in order to verify the effect of indolamine on frog Leydig cell activity, we investigated, by in situ hybridization, the presence of frog relaxin (fRLX, a transcript specifically expressed by these cells) in the testes of melatonin-injected animals after 48 h. fRLX signal completely disappeared from the testis of melatonin-injected frogs. The results of the present study indicate that melatonin treatment provokes Leydig cell morphological changes, blocks GnRH-antagonist-induced testosterone secretion and decreases fRLX expression. Taken together these results strongly indicate that melatonin acts on Leydig cells in the testis of the frog Rana esculenta.

Reversal of long-term LH deprivation on testosterone secretion and Leydig cell volume, number and proliferation in adult rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Keeney ◽  
R. L. Sprando ◽  
B. Robaire ◽  
B. R. Zirkin ◽  
L. L. Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine whether Leydig cell volume and function could recover fully from long-term LH deprivation upon restoration of endogenous LH secretion, and whether the restoration of LH would elicit a mitogenic response, i.e. stimulate Leydig cell proliferation or affect Leydig cell number per testis. LH secretion was inhibited by treating adult rats with testosterone and oestradiol-filled (TO) silicone elastomer implants (16 weeks), and was restored by removing the implants. Changes in serum concentrations of LH and FSH, LH-stimulated testosterone secretion by testes perfused in vitro, Leydig cell volume and number per testis, average Leydig cell volume and Leydig cell [3H]thymidine incorporation were measured at weekly intervals following implant removal. The TO implants inhibited (P < 0·01) LH secretion, but serum concentrations of FSH were not significantly different (P > 0·10) from control values. After implant removal, serum LH returned to control values within 1 week, whereas serum FSH increased twofold (P < 0·01) and returned to control values at 4 weeks. LH-stimulated in-vitro testosterone secretion was inhibited by more than 99% in TO-implanted rats, but increased (P < 0·01) to 80% of control values by 8 weeks after implant removal. The total volume of Leydig cells per testis and the volume of an average Leydig cell were 14 and 19% of control values respectively, after 16 weeks of TO implantation (P < 0·01), but returned to 83 and 86% of controls (P > 0·10) respectively, by 6 weeks after implant removal. Leydig cell proliferation ([3H]thymidine labelling index) was low (< 0·1%) in both control and TO-implanted rats, increased (P < 0·01) fivefold from 1 to 4 weeks after implant removal and then declined to control values at 6 weeks. The increase in Leydig cell [3H]thymidine incorporation was mimicked by treating TO-implanted rats with exogenous LH, but not FSH. Leydig cells were identified in both the interstitium and the lamina propria of the seminiferous epithelium. The proportion of Leydig cell nuclei in the lamina propria was 30-fold greater (P < 0·01) at 1 and 3 weeks after implant removal (3%) compared with that for control and TO-implanted rats (0·1%). Total Leydig cell number per testis was marginally but not significantly (P = 0·06) decreased in rats treated with TO implants for 16 weeks when compared with controls (18·4±2·2 vs 25·4±1·2 × 106). Three weeks after implant removal, the numbers of Leydig cells per testis were identical (26·8±2·8 × 106) to those in control animals. These results not only demonstrate dramatic morphogenic effects of LH on mature rat Leydig cells, but also suggest that endogenous LH might be mitogenic at least to a subpopulation of Leydig cells. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127,47–58

PLASMA LEVELS OF TESTOSTERONE IN BULLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sundby ◽  
P. A. Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Plasma Testosterone Level ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Testosterone Production

ABSTRACT Administration of 6000 IU HCG to 4 bulls was followed by an elevation of plasma testosterone lasting for 9–13 days. When HCG administration was repeated, the testosterone response was shortened to 4–6 days in 3 bulls due to the formation of antibodies against HCG. The appearance of HCG antibodies coincided with a sharp decrease in the plasma testosterone level, indicating that Leydig cells have to be under continuous HCG stimulation to maintain increased testosterone production. No antibody against bovine LH was detected in the plasma samples containing antibodies against HCG. In one bull the response following the second HCG injection was similar to the plasma testosterone pattern following the first. No antibodies against HCG were found in this bull. Five bulls received 750 IU HCG twice. Following the period with elevated plasma testosterone levels, subnormal levels were observed after both injections. One injection led to decreased levels without development of antibodies against HCG while the second HCG injection led to subnormal testosterone levels concomitant with measurable antibodies against HCG.

EFFECTS OF AN INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF TETRACOSACTID ON PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN UNSTRESSED MALE RABBITS

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Faulborn ◽  
M. Fenske ◽  
L. Pitzel ◽  
A. König
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Blood Withdrawal ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT Administration of tetracosactid into male rabbits, fitted with permanently indwelling jugular catheters, resulted in a rapid rise of plasma corticosteroids and plasma testosterone. Corticosteroid concentrations were significantly elevated at 40 and 60 min and testosterone concentrations 20 min after the iv injection of tetracosactid (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg body weight), in comparison to pre-treatment levels. Corticosteroid values in plasma were elevated as long as 120 min after tetracosactid injection. In contrast, testosterone levels were lower at 60–120 min after tetracosactid injection than corresponding pre-treatment values. However, these differences were not significant. At the doses used no tetracosactiddose-dependent corticosteroid or testosterone release could be found; apparently, testosterone release is only dependent upon basal plasma levels but not upon the dose of tetracosactid applied. From these studies it is concluded that tetracosactid may bring about an increase or decrease of testosterone concentration in plasma in the buck depending upon the length of time elapsing between injection of tetracosactid and blood withdrawal.

PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: DIURNAL VARIATION AND RESPONSE TO ACTH AND DEXAMETHASONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Smals ◽  
P. W. C. Kloppenborg ◽  
T. J. Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Testosterone Level ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The mean basal plasma testosterone level in 28 patients with chromatin positive Klinefelter's syndrome was significantly lower than in 58 healthy male controls. In 12 of the patients the hormone levels were in the normal range. In both the eugonadal males and the Klinefelter patients the plasma testosterone levels spontaneously decreased throughout the day, the relative decrease in both groups being of the same order of magnitude. Short term ACTH infusion and the administration of dexamethasone did not significantly influence the plasma testosterone concentration in the Klinefelter patients. These findings do not support the view that the adrenal cortex plays a major role in contributing to the circulating plasma testosterone levels in this syndrome.

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