PREVENTION BY MELATONIN OF SHORT DAY INDUCED ATROPHY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS OF MALE AND FEMALE HAMSTERS

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Reiter ◽  
M. K. Vaughan ◽  
P. J. Waring
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Accessory Sex Organs ◽  
Pituitary Glands

ABSTRACT Male and female hamsters were exposed to natural photoperiodic and temperature conditions beginning on November 13 and groups of hamsters were necropsied either on January 15 or on April 10. Throughout the study, half of the hamsters (control hamsters) received subcutaneous implants of beeswax (25 mg) every other week while the other half received beeswax pellets containing 1 mg melatonin. Control beeswax-treated males necropsied in January had atrophic testes and accessory sex organs while the uteri of the control females were infantile in appearance. Melatonin treatment prevented the atrophic responses of the testes and accessory sex organs in males and the uteri in females. Melatonin-treated hamsters killed in January also had higher plasma levels of immunoreactive LH while in females both pituitary and plasma levels of LH were elevated after melatonin treatment. By April 10, the testes and accessory organs of control males and the uteri of control females had regenerated to the adult condition and these organs were comparable in size to those in melatonin-treated hamsters. The pituitary glands of control males contained slightly more LH and much more FSH than the pituitaries of melatonin-treated males. Melatonin-treated females necropsied in April had pituitary and plasma levels of LH and FSH similar to those in beeswax-treated females killed at the same time. The data show that chronic melatonin treatment prevents atrophy of the reproductive organs of male and female hamsters which is associated with the shortened days of the winter.

The internal anatomy of Typhlops schneider (Reptilia)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Robb
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
First Time

The internal anatomy of Typhlops shows a number of interesting features which support the hypothesis that the typhlopids are wrongly classified among the Ophidia, and that they should either be given subordinal rank, equivalent to the Sauria and the Serpentes, or be made an infra-order of the Sauria. The alimentary, vascular, respiratory, and reproductive systems are described in detail for the first time. The most striking peculiarities occur in the respiratory and reproductive systems. Unlike most snakes, Typhlops has two functional lungs, one occupying most of the anterior third of the body cavity, and the other smaller one lying immediately behind it. All the pulmonary blood vessels are well developed. The male reproductive organs are solid, grooved, protrusible structures, each of which is contained within a connective tissue sheath in the postanal region. These organs are unlike the hemipenes of any snake or lizard of which a description can be found. Both male and female animals possess a large cloaca1 gland in the postanal region. There are also several uncommon features in the alimentary and vascular systems.

XIV.—The Muscular and Reproductive Systems of Atomaria ruficornis (Marsham) (Coleoptera, Cryptophagidæ.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 64 (14) ◽  
pp. 297-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. G. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Adult Beetle ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female

SynopsisThis is a study of the functional morphology of the muscular and reproductive systems of the adult beetle, Atomaria ruficornis (Marsham) made by means of serial sections and dissections. An account is given of the skeleto-muscular system of the head, thorax and abdomen with reference to previous work in this sphere. Wherever possible, the muscles described have been homologized with those of other Coleoptera. In a small number of cases, it has been found necessary to use new names for muscles. The probable mode of action of the mouth-parts and foregut during feeding is described. An account is given of the reproductive organs and genitalia of both male and female beetles; the muscular system of the genitalia in both sexes is described fully, and the functioning of the genitalia is discussed.

scholarly journals The Inheritance of Sterility in the Barleys

1905 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Biffen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The following note is concerned solely with the behaviour of certain characters in hybrid barleys which bear on the inheritance of sterility and the question whether sex is, as it seems possible, a phenomenon of gametic segregation. I have used the term “sterility” in a broader sense than usual to include cases in which certain florets set no grain owing to the suppression of either the female or both the male and female reproductive organs. The plants themselves are in no cases completely sterile. The other characters occurring in the numerous varieties of barley will be considered in detail later.

scholarly journals The Effects of E-Cigarette Vapor Components on the Morphology and Function of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6152
Author(s):  
Kamila Szumilas ◽  
Paweł Szumilas ◽  
Anna Grzywacz ◽  
Aleksandra Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

E-cigarettes, a comparatively new phenomenon, are regarded as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. They are increasingly popular among adolescents of both sexes, and many smokers use e-cigarettes in their attempts to quit smoking. There is little understanding of the effects of exposure to e-cigarette vapors on human reproductive health, human development, or the functioning of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems. Data on the effects of the exposure were derived mainly from animal studies, and they show that e-cigarettes can affect fertility. Here, we review recent studies on the effects of exposure to e-cigarettes on facets of morphology and function in the male and female reproductive organs. E-cigarettes, even those which are nicotine-free, contain many harmful substances, including endocrine disruptors, which disturb hormonal balance and morphology and the function of the reproductive organs. E-cigarettes cannot be considered a completely healthy alternative to smoking. As is true for smoking, deleterious effects on the human reproductive system from vaping are likely, from the limited evidence to date.

Urology

2019 ◽  
pp. 797-808
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Urinary Tract

This chapter on urology coves surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract systems and the male reproductive organs. It classifies surgical procedures into those of the upper and lower urinary tract. The chapter is well structured, describing conditions seen commonly in clinic, in the emergency department, and in theatres. Cases and procedures to see and things to do are highlighted for medical students, with adequate background information on them. Common conditions presenting in clinic are discussed, such as haematuria, renal stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia, incontinence, phimosis, lumps, and oncology. It reviews important cases to observe in theatre and provides a diagram of the simple anatomy of the male and female reproductive systems. Acute conditions are covered within the chapter, as well as tips on success in urology in exams. This chapter includes excellent pictures of an intravenous urogram and is written for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

LANGUAGE USE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HOST IN HITAM PUTIH TALK SHOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurmaliana Sari ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Busmin Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Domestic Activities ◽  
Female Host ◽  
Negative Connotation ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses about language use occurred by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study are male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The data are the utterances produced by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. This research focuses on the show broadcasted on October 2016 by taking 4 videos randomly. The objective of this study is to describe kinds of the language use uttered by male and female host in Hitam Putih talk show. The findings showed that the kinds of language use consist of 6 parts. The dominant language use uttered by male host is expletive, because male’s utterances are frequently stated in a negative connotation. On the other hand, female host utterances are found in specialized vocabulary as the most dominant because female host has more interest in talking family affairs, such as the education of children, clothes, cooking, and fashion, etc. Women also tended to talk about one thing related to the home and domestic activities. However, the representation of language use uttered by male and female are deficit, dominance and different. Keywords: Language Use, Gender, Talk Show

REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF CHLORPYRIFOS, CYPERMETHRIN AND THEIR INTERACTION IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Asmaa ELnamaky ◽  
Amal Halawa ◽  
Mamdouh Abouelmaged
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Glands

he present work was designed to investigate the reproductive toxicity induced by oral administration of chlorpyrifos (CPF), cypermethrin (CYP) and their combination in adult male albino rats. Forty mature male albino rats were separated into four groups (10 each), the first group was used as control, while second, third and fourth groups received orally 1/20 LD50 of CPF (10 mg/kg b.wt), 1/20 LD50 of CYP (17.22 mg/kg b.wt) and 1/40 LD50 of CPF plus 1/40 LD50 of CYP (5 mg/kg b.wt CPF plus 8.61 mg/kg b.wt CYP) respectively for 26 days. The results revealed that exposure to CPF and/or CYP induced a significant decrease in the reproductive organs weight. Moreover, a significant decrease in spermatic picture (sperm cell concentration and viability) was observed with high percent of sperm abnormalities. Serum levels of testosterone and pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH) have been declined significantly in all treated groups. Significant elevations were observed in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide concentrations, while antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were decreased significantly as a result of induced oxidative stress. A significant drop in prostatic acid phosphatase activity was observed. Additionally, the results showed some histopathological alterations in the reproductive organs as well as neurological lesions in brain and pituitary glands. In conclusion, CPF and CYP induce deleterious effects on reproductive efficiency of male rats which reflect more obvious impacts when both combined

BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON SOCKEYE SALMON DURING SPAWNING MIGRATION: IV. THE NON-PROTEIN NITROGENOUS CONSTITUENTS OF THE MUSCLE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spawning Migration ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Biochemical Studies

The non-protein nitrogenous constituents of muscle of migrating sockeye salmon were investigated. These constituents were found to be the same in both male and female fish and were present in approximately the same amounts in both sexes. The histidine content of the muscle in all fish decreased to one fifth of the original value during the early stages of the migratory journey and remained at the low level thereafter. Some of the other constituents changed to a smaller extent, usually increasing in the later stages of the migration. This was especially noticeable in female fish. However, the increase in the concentration of these constituents in the muscle was due to a decrease in the amount of muscle in the fish rather than to an increase in the amounts of the compounds themselves.

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