THE EFFECT OF ATROPINE ON THE INSULIN RELEASE CAUSED BY ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Henderson ◽  
D. B. Jefferys ◽  
R. H. Jones ◽  
D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on normal fasting subjects, with and without atropine. Insulin release after oral glucose was significantly diminished by atropine, and this effect could not be ascribed to the drug delaying glucose absorption. However, insulin release brought about by intravenous glucose was not altered by atropine. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed.

Blood Pyruvate and Lactate Levels during Oral and Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests in Diabetes Mellitus

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Doar ◽  
D. G. Cramp ◽  
D. S. J. Maw ◽  
M. Seed ◽  
V. Wynn
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Pyruvate ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

1. Blood pyruvate and lactate levels during oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests are described in obese and non-obese non-diabetic, maturity-onset diabetic and insulin-requiring diabetic groups of women. 2. Mean fasting blood pyruvate levels were similar in non-diabetic, maturity-onset diabetic and insulin-requiring diabetic subjects of similar degree of obesity. Mean levels were higher in the obese groups of non-diabetic and maturity-onset diabetic subjects compared to those of non-obese subjects of similar degree of glucose tolerance. 3. After oral glucose administration similar mean increases of blood pyruvate levels above the fasting base-line were found in non-diabetic and maturity-onset diabetic subjects matched for degree of obesity. 4. Peak oral glucose tolerance test blood pyruvate levels were generally delayed in the maturity-onset diabetic subjects and mean blood pyruvate levels were elevated above those of the non-diabetic subjects during the later stages of the test. Qualitatively similar changes occurred during intravenous glucose tolerance tests. 5. Mean blood lactate/pyruvate ratios were similar in non-obese and obese non-diabetic and maturity-onset diabetic groups of subjects and changed little after oral glucose administration.

The Effect of Transplantation Site and Islet Mass on Long-Term Survival and Metabolic and Hormonal Function of Canine Purified Islet Autografts

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 245-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Scharp ◽  
Piero Marchetti ◽  
Carol Swanson ◽  
Melisa Newton ◽  
Christopher S. Mccullough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Islet Transplantation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Islet Survival

Determination of the long-term function of islet transplantation in relation to the implantation site and the numbers of islets is of scientific interest and, with human islet transplant trials in progress, is a pressing clinical question. In this study, highly purified canine islets were isolated by collagenase digestion and Ficoll purification, and autotransplanted into either the spleen (in 10 dogs) or the liver (in 12 dogs). Dogs transplanted with islets into the spleen or liver received 264,300 ± 20,300 (mean ± SEM) and 158,600 ± 15,100 islet equivalents (150-μm-sized islets) respectively. Graft survival at 1 yr was 86% in intrasplenic islet autografts (ISTx) and 50% in intraportal islet autografts (IPTx). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and mixed meal-oral glucose tests were performed 1–12 mo from islet transplantation. Compared to controls, ISTx and IPTx dogs showed a similar decrease of glucose tolerance after both intravenous glucose tolerance tests and mixed meal-oral glucose tests. On intravenous glucose tolerance tests, plasma insulin levels were lower in ISTx than in IPTx dogs and controls. On mixed meal-oral glucose tests, insulin values were higher in IPTx dogs than in controls. There was a positive correlation (r = .56, p < 0.05) between the number of transplanted islet equivalents and the K values. These results demonstrate that, in dogs with islet transplant: 1) long-term islet survival can be achieved in the spleen better than in the liver; 2) islet survival is related to the mass of transplanted islets in the spleen, but not in the liver, where other factors probably affect islet survival; 3) the ability of metabolizing glucose is reduced after both intrasplenic and intraportal islet autografts; 4) both reduced insulin secretion (predominant in ISTx dogs on intravenous glucose tolerance testing) and insulin resistance (predominant in IPTx dogs on mixed meal-oral glucose tests) are the probable causes of the decreased glucose tolerance.

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests after porcine islet auto- and allotransplantation

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2091-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mellert ◽  
B.J. Hering ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
D. Brandhorst ◽  
H. Brandhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Porcine Islet ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

A study of the relationship between glucose tolerance of sows and the mean birth weight of their offspring

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
R. M. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYIntravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on thirty-four sows when they were either non-pregnant or in very early pregnancy. It was found that there was a relation between each sow's glucose tolerance and the mean of the mean birth weight of all her litters. The relation was expressed by the equation Y = 0.013T + 0.81 (R.S.D. ± 0–124 kg) where Y = birth weight and T = glucose tolerance as minutes for blood glucose to return to fasting concentration. The correlation coefficient was +0.58. The addition of further variables to the equation (sow's live weight at test, sow's parity at test and the number of pigs per litter) did not give any useful improvement of the estimate of birth weight.

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