THE RESPONSE OF THE IMMATURE RAT OVARY TO GONADOTROPHINS: ACUTE CHANGES IN CYCLIC AMP, PROGESTERONE, TESTOSTERONE, ANDROSTENEDIONE AND OESTRADIOL AFTER TREATMENT WITH PMS OR FSH + LH

1976 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sashida ◽  
D. C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassays were used to measure changes in progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol, gonadotrophin and ovarian cyclic AMP in immature female rats during the first 24 h after exposure to slowly (PMS) or rapidly (FSH + LH) disappearing gonadotrophins. Cyclic AMP was increased 30 min after injection of either kind of gonadotrophin but it had returned to control level within 4 h. Serum and ovarian testosterone and androstenedione also increased to a peak at 30 min but decreased to base line by the 4th h. Multiple injections of FSH + LH maintained an elevated serum testosterone level but they had little effect upon the secretion of androstenedione. Serum and ovarian progesterone increased quickly after treatment with gonadotrophin. With PMS the peak in the serum was reached at 8 h, it remained high for 4 h and then fell precipitously between the 12th and 16th h. FSH + LH produced a prompt increase in serum progesterone but the level could be maintained only by repeated doses given every 4 h. Oestradiol was not increased in the serum or the ovary until 20 h after PMS. One or two doses of FSH + LH did not produce an increase in oestrogen but a transient increase was found with 3 doses; 4 doses kept an elevated level of oestradiol for 12 h. These results indicate that the aromatizing system of the immature rat ovary is relatively inactive and that continual stimulation by gonadotrophin for about 10–12 h is necessary to bring about increased function. In contrast, the mechanisms for the synthesis and secretion of progesterone and androgens are very active and can be immediately stimulated by exposure to gonadotrophins.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

scholarly journals A Rare Case Report of Postmenopausal Virilization: Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbube Ebrahimpur ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohajeri-Tehrani ◽  
Hiva Saffar ◽  
Mahnaz Pejman Sani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Ovarian Steroid ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Steroid Cell Tumor ◽  
Rare Case Report

Ovarian steroid cell tumors are rare, life-threatening neoplasms that make about 0.1% of all primary ovarian tumors. They frequently present in premenopausal women with the manifestation of virilization. We report a 58-year-old postmenopausal woman that referred to our clinic with clinical manifestation of virilization. Laboratory findings showed markedly elevated serum testosterone level and ultrasound showed 2 follicles with 7 mm diameters in the left ovary. She treated by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and synchronous hysterectomy. Histological pathology confirmed a benign steroid cell tumor. The presentation of new-onset and rapid progressive hyperandrogenism is rare in postmenopausal women. In diagnosis, we must consider adrenal and ovarian malignancies. Stromal luteoma is a rare benign ovarian tumor, Which is treated with surgical treatment.

Ontogeny of gonadotrophin receptors and gonadotrophin-stimulated cyclic AMP production in the neonatal rat ovary

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sokka ◽  
I. Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT The sequence of appearance of FSH and LH receptors, and response of cyclic AMP (cAMP) production to these hormones and cholera toxin, were studied in the fetal and neonatal rat ovary. Specific binding of radio-labelled human (h)FSH and chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) to ovarian homogenates was first detectable on day 7 of life. The content of FSH receptors per ovary increased tenfold between days 7 and 16, and that of LH receptors 27-fold. A significant response of cAMP production in vitro to FSH appeared on day 4 of life, but no significant effect of hCG on cAMP was achieved until day 7. In contrast, cholera toxin had a marked effect on cAMP production by day 17 of fetal life. Although both FSH and LH receptors were detectable in the neonatal rat ovary by day 7, the present findings indicate that the FSH responsiveness of the ovary appears earlier than that of LH. The post-receptor machinery of cAMP production is already functional in the fetal ovary as shown by the experiments with cholera toxin. The appearance of the receptor may therefore be the last link in the ontogeny of the gonadotrophin signal transduction system in the ovary. To study the hormone dependence of the appearance of gonadotrophin responsiveness, neonatal female rats were treated on days 1–6 or 1–9 of life with a potent gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist, and killed on the following day. In both treatment groups, the pituitary LH and FSH contents were suppressed. The body weights remained unaltered, but ovarian weights decreased significantly during both periods of treatment (days 1–6,26·1%, P < 0·05; days 1–9,54·0%, P <0·001). No difference in basal or FSH-stimulated cAMP production was achieved by antagonist treatment for the first 6 days of life. The basal and hCG-stimulated rates of cAMP production per ovary were reduced in animals treated for 9 days (P <0·01), but the FSH-stimulated cAMP production remained unaffected. Hence, whereas the responsiveness to FSH seems to develop in the absence of normal gonadotrophin secretion, a causal relationship between normal gonadotrophin levels and the appearance of LH/hCG responsiveness is apparent in the neonatal rat ovary. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 297–303

INFLUENCE OF GONADOTROPHINS AND CYCLIC AMP ON CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE IMMATURE RAT OVARY

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hamberger ◽  
Hans Herlitz ◽  
Anita Sjögren
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Ovary

ABSTRACT Ovaries from rats varying in age between 5–12 days were incubated in Krebs bicarbonate buffer at 37°C containing 5.5 mmol/l glucose. A 2 h incubation in the presence of 0.01 μg/ml LH (NIH-LH-B6) caused an increase in lactic acid production as compared to controls, and a clear dose-response was demonstrated up to 100 μg/ml. In vitro the addition of 100 μg/ml FSH (NIH-FSH-S5) or 10 mmol/l cyclic AMP also caused stimulatory effects on lactate production. In experiments with ovaries from 8–9 day old rats, incubations were carried out in a medium containing 0.1 mmol/l [14C]AIB (α-aminoisobutyric acid), and the distribution ratios for this model amino acid were determined after 2 h incubation in the absence and presence of LH, FSH or cyclic AMP respectively. No hormonal effects were demonstrated, while cyclic AMP caused a significant increase in the [14C]AIB uptake. In further experiments ovaries from 9 day old rats were incubated in medium containing both [14C]AIB (0.1 mmol/l) and [3H]leucine (0.03 mmol/l). Four hours before the removal and incubation of the ovaries the rats were injected ip with FSH or LH (500 μg/100 g body weight) or saline. The distribution ratios of both [14C]AIB and [3H]leucine were significantly elevated in the FSH injected group while LH was ineffective. In similar experiments with 0.01 mmol/l [3H]proline it was also possible to demonstrate an increased incorporation of this amino acid into ovarian protein after a single FSH injection 2 h before the incubation.

Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin α- and βA-subunits in the ovary of immature female rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko Kobayashi ◽  
Mareo Yamoto ◽  
Sawako Minami ◽  
Miyako Imai ◽  
Ryosuke Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Thecal Cells ◽  
Rat Ovary

Kobayashi M, Yamoto M, Minami S, Imai M, Nakano R. Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin α- and βA-subunits in the ovary of immature female rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:97–102. ISSN 0804–4643. Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin α- and βA-subunits was examined in the ovaries of immature female rats. The granulosa cells in various sized ovarian follicles obtained from rats that were 10–24 days old exhibited positive staining for inhibin α- and βA-subunits. The relative intensities of immunostaining for α- and βA-subunits increased during follicular growth and maturation. Ova and internal thecal cells did not show any immunostaining for inhibin α- and/or βA-subunits. These results suggest that granulosa cells of immature rat ovaries may produce inhibin from the 10th day after birth, and that an increase in the number of mature ovarian follicles results in an increase in inhibin production in the immature rat ovary during prepubertal development. Mitsuko Kobayashi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wakayama Medical College, 1 shichibancho, Wakayama 640, Japan

scholarly journals Androgen Secreting Adenoma Co- Secreting Cortisol First Diagnosed During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A116-A117
Author(s):  
Zahra Al Ghareeb ◽  
Abdulaziz Alwosaibi ◽  
Hoor Alobaidan
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Level ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenoma ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Pure androgen secreting adenoma is rare (1) and rarer to have an adenoma that is co-secreting androgen and cortisol, and extremely rare to have it diagnosed during pregnancy. In female, an elevated serum testosterone level with normal adrenal androgens is usually regarded as ovary origin (2). Here we report an unusual case of pregnant woman with markedly elevated serum testosterone level and elevated cortisol that first presented during pregnancy. Clinical Case: A 32-year old lady who is 32 weeks pregnant, presented with signs and symptoms of Cushing and acute hirsutism developed and advanced during pregnancy. Clinically She had hypertension, gestational diabetes with sever hirsutism and virilization. Fasting total testosterone was high (52 nmoL/L n 0.2–2.9 nmoL/L), DHEAS (1.98 umol/L n 0.51–11 umol), 24 hours urine cortisol (1343 nmoL/24 hrs n 11.8–485 nmoL/24 hrs), ACTH (0.220 pmol/L n 1.6–13.9pmol/L). Adrenal MRI without contrast showed a large right adrenal mass of 6.5 x 6.2 x 5.3 cm, of heterogenous signal in all pulse sequences, with limited assessment due to the lack of IV contrast. During admission,the patient’s liver enzymes were gradually increasing which lead to the decision of an elective C-section at 34 weeks gestation followed by right robotic adrenalectomy after ruling out pheochromocytoma. The product was viable and healthy baby boy. The immediate post-op hormonal profile showed normalization of urinary cortisol and serum total testosterone level. Histopathology report confirmed an Adrenocortical adenoma. The patient was discharged on the 3rd day post-op on hydrocortisone replacement therapy. The hydrocortisone doses were gradually tapered down tell stopped. The course of follow up was uneventful, two years following the surgery, she got another pregnancy with no obvious complications. Conclusion: Co- existing testosterone and cortisol secreting adrenocortical adenoma is a rare tumor, diagnosis and management during pregnancy is challenging, with surgical resection being the only possible definite management. References: (1) L. Barzon, N. Sonino, F. Fallo, G. Palù, and M. Boscaro, “Prevalence and natural history of adrenal incidentalomas,” European Journal of Endocrinology, vol. 149, no. 4, pp. 273–285, 2003.(2) Zhou, Wb., Chen, N. & Li, Cj. A rare case of pure testosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma in a postmenopausal elderly woman. BMC Endocr Disord19, 14 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0342-y

Effect of neonatal allylestrenol treatment (hormonal imprinting) on the serum testosterone and progesterone concentration in adult rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Pap ◽  
G Csaba
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Hormonal Imprinting ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Serum Hormone

Serum testosterone concentration was significantly elevated in adult male rats by a single perinatal allylestrenol administration. One week after a second allylestrenol treatment in adulthood the hormone concentration dropped below the control values. Serum progesterone concentration was significantly lowered in adult female rats by a single perinatal allylestrenol administration. Following a second allylestrenol treatment in adulthood the hormone concentration reached the control values. These experiments demonstrate that the hormonal imprinting caused by allylestrenol (a steroid used in the treatment of endangered pregnancy) not only acts at receptor level and produces changes in sexual behaviour, but also induces modifications in serum hormone concentrations.

PROLACTIN AND THE REGULATION OF 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE SECRETION OF THE SUPER-LUTEINIZED RAT OVARY DURING LUTEOLYSIS INDUCED BY A PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ANALOGUE

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Torjesen ◽  
R. Dahlin ◽  
E. Haug ◽  
A. Aakvaag
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Rat Ovary ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT Twenty-five day old female rats were treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to achieve a state of luteinization. Eight days after the HCG administration luteolysis was induced by a subcutaneous injection of 5 μg of the prostaglandin F2α analogue cloprostenol (Estrumate®, ICI 80996). In animals treated with 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (BEC), administration of cloprostenol decreased serum progesterone levels from 580 to 20 ng/ml in 5 h and progesterone remained low for the next 18 h. The serum levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) and prolactin (PRL) remained at pre-treatment values (20α-DHP 85 to 170 ng/ml; PRL less than 5 ng/ml) throughout the observation period. When animals treated with both BEC and cloprostenol were given PRL 5 h after the prostaglandin injection, an increased 20α-DHP level (630 ng/ml) was found 23 h after the cloprostenol administration, while the progesterone level was decreased (70 ng/ml). These findings were similar to the observations following cloprostenol treatment alone. The study indicates a causal relationship between the increase in the serum levels of PRL and 20α-DHP observed after PGF2α induced luteolysis in rats with superluteinized ovaries.

SEX DIFFERENCE IN THE INDUCTION OF LACTOGENIC RECEPTORS IN RAT LIVERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuaki Furuhashi ◽  
Victor S. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The relationship between serum levels of growth hormone (rGH), prolactin (rPRL), lutenizing hormone (rLH), follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), corticosterone, oestrogen, (oestradiol-17β) and testosterone and the hepatic binding sites specific to [125I]human-prolactin (h-PRL) were investigated in normal rats, in rats bearing the GH- and PRL-secreting tumour (GH3), and in rats 14 days after tumour removal. The presence of GH3 tumour elevated serum levels of rGH and rPRL and concomitantly increased the hepatic binding of [125I] h-PRL; the male rats had a greater increase than the female rats. The increased binding was due to an increase in the specific membrane binding sites, whereas the affinity constant (Ka) was not changed. In both male and female rats, there was a significant positive correlation between serum rGH levels (P < 0.001) or serum rPRL (P < 0.02) and specific binding of [1251] h-PRL in female rats only (P < 0.02). In male rats, there was a significant negative correlation between serum testosterone levels and specific bindings of [125I]h-PRL (P < 0.05). These results suggest that rGH and rPRL regulates the hepatic h-PRL receptors in female rats, and testosterone predominantly inhibits the induction of the hepatic lactogenic receptors in male rats.

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