CHANGES IN RAT ADRENAL MEDULLA FOLLOWING Δ9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL TREATMENT. A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bratati Biswas ◽  
G. Deb ◽  
J. J. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
Butyryl Cholinesterase ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

ABSTRACT The effects of acute (10 mg/kg) and chronic (10 mg/kg for 30 days) administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) have been studied histochemically in the rat adrenal medulla, which include total catecholamines, noradrenaline, histometric measurements of adrenal medullary areas, calcium content of the medullary cells along with adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) activities. Acute Δ9-THC treatment reduced the total catecholamine content (including noradrenaline) of the gland, was accompanied by increased ATPase, AChE, BChE activities and increased calcium distribution in the gland. Chronic Δ9-THC treatment caused significant hypertrophy of the chromaffin tissue, with decreased total catecholamine content, although noradrenaline containing areas exhibited no notable change. The calcium content and ATPase activity were increased along with a concomitant increase in AChE and BChE activities. Although the changes in adrenal medullary enzyme activities following both acute and chronic Δ9-THC treatment are qualitatively similar, marked quantitative increase is noted in the chronically treated groups. The results indicate an increased total catecholamine releasing activity of the adrenal medulla following acute Δ9-THC treatment, while chronic Δ9-THC administration produces a preferential release of adrenaline.

Localization of Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Phleom of Nicotiana Tabacum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw ◽  
Jamison E. Gilder
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Tip Cells ◽  
Atpase Localization

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity has been shown to be associated with numerous physiological processes in both plants and animal cells. Biochemical studies have shown that in higher plants ATPase activity is high in cell wall preparations and is associated with the plasma membrane, nuclei, mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysosomes. However, there have been only a few ATPase localization studies of higher plants at the electron microscope level. Poux (1967) demonstrated ATPase activity associated with most cellular organelles in the protoderm cells of Cucumis roots. Hall (1971) has demonstrated ATPase activity in root tip cells of Zea mays. There was high surface activity largely associated with the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata. ATPase activity was also demonstrated in mitochondria, dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids.

scholarly journals No major thermogenic role for (Na+ + K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase apparent in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Clark ◽  
M Brinkman ◽  
O H Filsell ◽  
S J Lewis ◽  
M N Berry
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Liver Parenchymal ◽  
Dependent Atpase ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Isolated Liver

(Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase activity, heat production and oxygen consumption were increased by 59%, 62% and 75% respectively in hepatocytes from tri-iodothyronine-treated rats. Ouabain at concentrations of 1 and 10 mM decreased oxygen uptake by 2-8% in hepatocytes from euthyroid rats and by 5-15% in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid animals. Heat output was decreased by 4-9% with the glycoside in isolated liver parenchymal cells from the control animals and by 11% in the cells from the tri-iodothyronine-treated animals. These results do not support the hypothesis that hepatic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase plays a major role in increased heat production in hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats.

Effect of high salt intake on sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in the erythrocytes of normotensive men

1988 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio P. Quintanilla ◽  
Maria I. Weffer ◽  
Haengil Koh ◽  
Mohammed Rahman ◽  
Agostino Molteni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
High Salt Intake

1. We measured ouabain-insensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), sodium, potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and intracellular Na+ and K+ in the erythrocytes of 19 healthy volunteers, before and after supplementation of their normal diet with 6.0–8.9 g of salt (102–137 mmol of NaCl) per day, for 5 days. 2. The subjects had a small but significant gain in weight. Mean plasma renin activity decreased from 1.57 to 0.73 pmol of angiotensin I h−1 ml−1 and plasma aldosterone from 0.46 to 0.24 nmol/l. 3. Total ATPase activity fell from 197.9 nmol of inorganic phosphate h−1 mg−1 during the control period to 173.5 during the high-salt period (P < 0.0125). Na+,K+-ATPase activity fell from 162.2 to 141.4 nmol of inorganic phosphate h−1 mg−1 (P < 0.05). Intracellular Na + and intracellular K+ did not change. 4. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that salt-induced volume expansion causes the release of a factor inhibitory to the Na+ pump.

scholarly journals Partial diploids of Escherichia coli carrying normal and mutant alleles affecting oxidative phosphorylation

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gibson ◽  
G B Cox ◽  
J A Downie ◽  
J Radik
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Normal Allele ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity

A plasmid was isolated which included the region of the Escherichia coli chromosome carrying the known genes concerned with oxidative phosphorylation (unc genes). This plasmid was used to prepare partial diploids carrying normal unc alleles on the episome and one of the three mutant alleles (unc A401, uncB402 or unc-405) on the chromosome. These strains were compared with segregants from which the plasmid had been lost. Dominance of either normal ormutant unc alleles was determined by growth on succinate, growth yields on glucose, Mg-ATPase (Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase) activity, atebrin-fluorescence quenching, ATP-dependent transhydrogenase activity and oxidative phosphorylation. In all the above tests, dominance of the normal allele was observed. However, in membranes from the diploid strains which carried a normal allele and either of the mutant alleles affecting Mg-ATPase activity (uncA401 or unc-405), the energy-linked functions were only partially restored.

scholarly journals The effect of salts on catecholamine fluxes and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes ◽  
Net Release

1. Influx and efflux of catecholamine and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla were studied with dl-[14C]adrenaline in different media. 2. The lowest values for flux and adenosine triphosphatase activity were observed in sucrose media in which an ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine compensated for an efflux of the same magnitude. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 3. In media containing sodium succinate or glutarate adenosine triphosphatase activity was higher and the ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine was about twice that observed in iso-osmotic sucrose medium. In the presence of ATP influx and efflux of catecholamine were balanced; in its absence there was a net release of catecholamine, since efflux was more than twice the influx. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 4. In media containing sodium or potassium chloride and in the presence of ATP influx and adenosine triphosphatase activity were further enhanced, but in the absence of ATP there was no further increase in influx, since catecholamine was released with or without ATP at the same rate. Efflux was therefore twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 5. Sodium nitrate suppressed the ATP-dependent influx nearly completely, but caused a greatly enhanced efflux, which was twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 6. The extinction of vesicular suspensions remained unchanged in the presence of ATP under conditions where the catecholamine efflux was balanced by the influx. Under conditions where the efflux was not compensated by influx, the extinction of the suspensions decreased in the presence of ATP more than in its absence.

DNA loop extrusion by human cohesin

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6471) ◽  
pp. 1338-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain F. Davidson ◽  
Benedikt Bauer ◽  
Daniela Goetz ◽  
Wen Tang ◽  
Gordana Wutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Gene Recombination ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Topologically Associating Domains ◽  
Dna Loop ◽  
Eukaryotic Genomes

Eukaryotic genomes are folded into loops and topologically associating domains, which contribute to chromatin structure, gene regulation, and gene recombination. These structures depend on cohesin, a ring-shaped DNA-entrapping adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) complex that has been proposed to form loops by extrusion. Such an activity has been observed for condensin, which forms loops in mitosis, but not for cohesin. Using biochemical reconstitution, we found that single human cohesin complexes form DNA loops symmetrically at rates up to 2.1 kilo–base pairs per second. Loop formation and maintenance depend on cohesin’s ATPase activity and on NIPBL-MAU2, but not on topological entrapment of DNA by cohesin. During loop formation, cohesin and NIPBL-MAU2 reside at the base of loops, which indicates that they generate loops by extrusion. Our results show that cohesin and NIPBL-MAU2 form an active holoenzyme that interacts with DNA either pseudo-topologically or non-topologically to extrude genomic interphase DNA into loops.

scholarly journals Favism: disordered erythrocyte calcium homeostasis

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
A De Flora ◽  
U Benatti ◽  
L Guida ◽  
G Forteleoni ◽  
T Meloni
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Hemolytic Crisis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fava Beans

Abstract The biochemical events that take place during acute hemolysis of G6PD- deficient subjects in favism are far from being elucidated. Evidence is here reported for a constantly and heavily disordered calcium homeostasis in the erythrocytes from seven favic patients. The abnormality, ie, a significantly impaired calcium ATPase activity and a parallel marked increase of intracellular calcium levels, was characteristic of the acute hemolytic crisis although unrelated to the attendant reticulocytosis. Concomitantly, a remarkable decrease of intracellular potassium was also observed. The mean +/- SD Ca2+-ATPase activity in the favic patients was 20.8 +/- 7.8 mumol Pi/g Hb/h compared with 37.2 +/- 8.5 in the matched controls represented by 12 healthy G6PD-deficient subjects (P less than .001). The mean +/- SD intraerythrocytic calcium content was 288 +/- 158 mumol/L of erythrocytes in the favic patients as compared with 22.0 +/- 8.2 in the G6PD-deficient controls (P less than .001). The intraerythrocytic potassium content was 76.6 +/- 19.3 mmol/L of erythrocytes in the favic patients and 106.6 +/- 8.2 in the G6PD-deficient controls (P less than .001). In vitro incubation of normal and G6PD-deficient erythrocytes with divicine, a pyrimidine aglycone present in fava beans and strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of favism, reproduces most of these events, including drop of calcium ATPase, increased intracellular calcium, and leakage of erythrocyte potassium.

Histochemical studies on Raillietina (Raillietina) johri (Cestoda: Davaineidae). I. Nonspecific and specific phosphatases

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Vitelline Gland ◽  
Receptaculum Seminis ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTCertain phosphatases have been localized by histochemical techniques in various tissues of a pigeon cestode, Raillietina (Raillietina) johri. Acid phosphatase (AcPase), alkaline phosphatase (AlPase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were present in almost all structures: tegument; subtegumental muscles; subtegumental cells; excretory canal; tsetes; sperm ductules; vas deferens; cirrus sac; cirrus; ovary; receptaculum seminis; vagina; vitelline gland cells; oocytes; uterus; embryonated eggs. AlPase was absent in parenchyma, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. AlPase activity was more intense in the tegument of mature gravid proglottides. AcPase and ATPase were visualized in various stages of spermatogenesis of the parasite. ATPase activity was also observed in chromosomes. 5'-nucleotidase (AMPase) activity was restricted to embryonated eggs only. Functional significance of these phosphatases is discussed.

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