STUDIES ON HEARING LOSS IN A COMMUNITY WITH ENDEMIC CRETINISM IN CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Goslings ◽  
R. Djokomoeljanto ◽  
R. Hoedijono ◽  
H. Soepardjo ◽  
A. Querido
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Endemic Cretinism ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Hearing Defect ◽  
Excess Number ◽  
Prevalent Form

ABSTRACT An audiometric study was carried out in a community of 642 subjects severely affected by endemic goitre and cretinism. Hearing loss was measured in 34 out of 41 subjects diagnosed as cretins, 92 normal subjects aged 5–20 years from the same community and 54 subjects (also of 5–20 years) living in a nearby control area without endemic goitre. The excess number of hearing defects in the endemic area seems to be entirely due to the process that leads to cretinism. There is no reason to describe deafness and deafmutism in an area with severe endemic goitre as a separate entity. The hearing defect showed a definite greater loss in the higher frequencies than in the lower frequencies and was found in 92 % of the cretins. Deafmutism was present in 5, a loss of more than 60 db in 8, a loss of 40–60 db in 10 cretins. A loss of 20–30 db was found in 2.2 % of normal subjects in the endemic area and 1.8 % of those living in the control area. It is concluded that audiometry is a simple and significant test to establish the presence of the neurological form of endemic cretinism, which is the most prevalent form in most endemias. The differential diagnosis and pathogenesis of the described hearing defect are discussed.

HEARING LOSS IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-880
Author(s):  
Richard L. Goode ◽  
F. Mark Rafaty ◽  
F. Blair Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Hearing Tests ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Hearing Defect ◽  
Visual Abnormalities

The clinical course of hearing loss associated with retinitis pigmentosa is outlined in four brief case summaries. This incidence of hearing loss in retinitis pigmentosa is 10% and occurs several years before clinical visual abnormalities. A battery of audiometric tests all suggest that the hearing defect is within the cochlea and that it is not rapidly progressive. Onset age has not been established. The employment of more than routine hearing tests, testing of other family members, electroretinograms, and historical information about certain features of familial vision are useful in establishing early diagnosis.

Thyroid carcinoma and thyroiditis in an endemic goitre region before and after iodine prophylaxis

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Harach ◽  
D. A. Escalante ◽  
A. Oňativia ◽  
J. Lederer Outes ◽  
E. Saravia Day ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lymphoid Infiltration ◽  
Thyroid Malignancies

Abstract. Iodine prophylaxis was introduced to the moderately severe goitre endemic area in Salta, Argentina, in 1963. All thyroidectomies from a 20 year period were reviewed, and 148 thyroid malignancies carefully studied. The period from 5 to 15 years after iodization was associated with a lower frequency of follicular carcinomas and a higher frequency of papillary carcinomas than the period before and up to 5 years after prophylaxis. Lymphoid infiltration in the non-tumorous thyroid was relatively infrequent before iodine prophylaxis: it was much higher in each of the post-prophylaxis periods. These results, in agreement with other studies, support the view that an increased iodine intake is associated with an increased incidence of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and thyroiditis.

scholarly journals Reported Hearing Loss in Alzheimer’s Disease Is Associated With Loss of Brainstem and Cerebellar Volume

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Llano ◽  
Susanna S. Kwok ◽  
Viswanath Devanarayan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple epidemiological studies have revealed an association between presbycusis and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Unfortunately, the neurobiological underpinnings of this relationship are not clear. It is possible that the two disorders share a common, as yet unidentified, risk factor, or that hearing loss may independently accelerate AD pathology. Here, we examined the relationship between reported hearing loss and brain volumes in normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD subjects using a publicly available database. We found that among subjects with AD, individuals that reported hearing loss had smaller brainstem and cerebellar volumes in both hemispheres than individuals without hearing loss. In addition, we found that these brain volumes diminish in size more rapidly among normal subjects with reported hearing loss and that there was a significant interaction between cognitive diagnosis and the relationship between reported hearing loss and these brain volumes. These data suggest that hearing loss is linked to brainstem and cerebellar pathology, but only in the context of the pathological state of AD. We hypothesize that the presence of AD-related pathology in both the brainstem and cerebellum creates vulnerabilities in these brain regions to auditory deafferentation-related atrophy. These data have implications for our understanding of the potential neural substrates for interactions between hearing loss and AD.

scholarly journals Risk of Agricultural Pesticide Exposure to Malaria Incidence and Anopheles Susceptibility at an Endemic Area in Central Java, Indonesia – A Case–control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Renti Mahkota ◽  
Fajaria Nurcandra ◽  
Fitria Dewi Puspita Anggraini ◽  
Annisa Ika Putri ◽  
Bambang Wispriyono
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Agricultural Pesticide ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium sp. This disease often occurs in tropical countries and has sometimes been reported in agricultural countries. This vector-borne disease is associated with environmental factors and the presence of vectors. Some studies found that Anopheles is resistant to insecticide, and this topic was encouraged by the WHO for malaria control. AIM: This research aimed to explain the causal effects of agricultural pesticide exposure on malaria incidence and Anopheles susceptibility in an endemic area of Indonesia. METHODS: A case–control study was conducted between September and October 2016 in Purworejo, Central Java. The case group involved 131 individuals who had malaria in 2016 based on their medical records, whereas the control group comprised 131 individuals who were neighbors of the cases and never had a history of malaria. Cases were selected randomly from hospital medical records. Both case and control groups were interviewed using the same questionnaire, and data were analyzed using logistic regression. Insecticide susceptibility test was used to test the 80 mosquito samples collected from the neighborhood of recent malaria cases. RESULTS: The quantity of agricultural pesticide remains a potential health risk to malaria (odds ratio = 2.15; 95% confidence interval 1.000–4.638), which was adjusted by confounders (sex, resting place, and insecticide net). The susceptibility test indicated that Anopheles was resistant to both permethrin (86.25%) and bendiocarb (68.75%). CONCLUSIONS: The quantity of agricultural pesticide contributes as a risk factor to malaria incidences, and Anopheles was indicated to be resistant to bendiocarb in Purworejo, Central Java.

Can self assessment of communication predict hearing loss?

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vij ◽  
A N Nagarkar ◽  
P Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Conductive Hearing

A total of 120 subjects with hearing loss (75 men, 45 women), within the age range 18–70 years (mean, 38 years), and 15 normal subjects were administered a modified Hindi adaptation of the ‘self assessment of communication’ hearing loss inventory. The study aimed to determine whether there was any correlation between subjects' average pure tone thresholds and their inventory scores. Data was analysed using the Pearson coefficient of correlation and regression analysis. A negative correlation was obtained stating that the greater the hearing loss, the lower the inventory score. An equation could also be derived for the bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss group and the bilateral symmetrical conductive hearing loss group to enable calculation of patients' average hearing loss from their inventory scores, in the absence of an audiogram. This could aid rehabilitation in cases with either type of hearing loss (in which no medical intervention was required) when pure tone audiometry is not possible.

scholarly journals Detection of Transovarial Transmission on Aedes sp. in Gombong Kebumen Central Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti ◽  
Devi Octaviana ◽  
Arnika Dwi Asti
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Transovarial Transmission ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Study Sites

Abstract. Gombong Subdistrict is one of dengue-endemic area in Kebumen Regency, Central Java. The high number of dengue cases in this area raises the question of whether there has been transovarial transmission occured from the Aedes sp. to their eggs. Transovarial transmission could be dangerous because the next generation of mosquitoes can directly become competent vectors as transmitters of the dengue virus (DENV). The purpose of this study is to detect dengue virus transovarial transmission in Aedes sp. in Gombong Subdistrict. This is a descriptive research in Gombong, Semanding, and Kali Tengah villages, Gombong Sub District. A total of 300 houses, 100 houses from each village were selected in this study. There were 600 Oviposition traps (ovitraps) were installed both inside and outside of houses for 6 days. Ovitraps were calculated by its Ovitrap Index (OI). Detection of transovarial transmission was carried by rearing field mosquitoes to Filial 1 then identified by RT-PCR assay. This study showed that OI in the three villages was higher in outdoor compared to indoor positions. All tested samples were negative DENV, indicated that there were no transovarial transmission occured at the study sites. Transmission in these study areas might still through horizontal mechanism transmission by mosquito bites. Although there is no transovarial transmission, awareness of dengue transmission must be continued by eradicating of mosquito nests such as 3M plus activities on a regular basis

scholarly journals Missense Variant of Endoplasmic Reticulum Region of WFS1 Gene Causes Autosomal Dominant Hearing Loss without Syndromic Phenotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jinying Li ◽  
Hongen Xu ◽  
Jianfeng Sun ◽  
Yongan Tian ◽  
Danhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pathogenic Variant ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Missense Variants ◽  
Wfs1 Gene

Objective. Genetic variants in the WFS1 gene can cause Wolfram syndrome (WS) or autosomal dominant nonsyndromic low-frequency hearing loss (HL). This study is aimed at investigating the molecular basis of HL in an affected Chinese family and the genotype-phenotype correlation of WFS1 variants. Methods. The clinical phenotype of the five-generation Chinese family was characterized using audiological examinations and pedigree analysis. Target exome sequencing of 129 known deafness genes and bioinformatics analysis were performed among six patients and four normal subjects to screen suspected pathogenic variants. We built a complete WFS1 protein model to assess the potential effects of the variant on protein structure. Results. A novel heterozygous pathogenic variant NM_006005.3 c.2020G>T (p.Gly674Trp) was identified in the WFS1 gene, located in the C-terminal domain of the wolframin protein. We further showed that HL-related WFS1 missense variants were mainly concentrated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) domain. In contrast, WS-related missense variants are randomly distributed throughout the protein. Conclusions. In this family, we identified a novel variant p.Gly674Trp of WFS1 as the primary pathogenic variant causing the low-frequency sensorineural HL, enriching the mutational spectrum of the WFS1 gene.

scholarly journals Correlation between Carotid–Cochlear and Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 089-093
Author(s):  
Raghul Sekar ◽  
Arun Alexander ◽  
Nagarajan Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Sensorineural Deafness ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

Abstract Background Sensorineural hearing loss is a condition with several etiologies and varies with the age of the individual. Carotid–cochlear interval is the minimum distance between basal turn of cochlea and the genu of petrous part of internal carotid artery. It is believed that constant pulsations from carotid can cause fluid pressure changes within the cochlea leading to damage to hair cells causing hearing loss. Objective To study the correlation between carotid–cochlear interval and degree of hearing loss at different frequencies in patients with sensorineural deafness and compare this interval with normal subjects. Methods Seventy cases with sensorineural hearing loss between 18 and 60 years undergoing HRCT temporal bone were grouped together and 70 cases with normal hearing undergoing CT nose and paranasal sinuses were grouped together. Carotid–cochlear interval measured in both the groups was correlated with the degree and frequency of hearing loss and compared with normal subjects. Results The mean carotid–cochlear interval in sensorineural hearing loss and in normal subjects was found to be 1.30 + 0.68 (SD) mm and 1.83 + 0.74 (SD) mm, respectively with p < 0.001. The coefficient of correlation between carotid–cochlear interval and pure tone average in patients with sensorineural deafness was r = −0.740 with p-value < 0.001. Conclusion Carotid–cochlear interval is significantly low in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and bears a strong negative correlation with the degree of hearing loss at mid- and high-frequency ranges. Thus we hypothesize that pulsations from carotid artery cause damage to hair cells in the organ of Corti producing audiological symptoms such as hearing loss.

scholarly journals Distribusi Kasus Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Kuswati Kuswati
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Biological Environment

Title: Distribution of Leptospiosis Incidence in Demak District, Central JavaBackground: Leptospirosis is zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira bacteria and transmitted to human through contact with animal urine into contaminated environment. Demak District is one of the endemic area in Central - Java. The number of cases is fluctuative  over the year 2011-2016 with the peak of 20 cases in 2011, and It decreased at low number in 2016. Many factors may contributed such as water puddle, rat, and behaviour. Nowdays,the information about the distribution and spreading of cases was lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe the leptospiroses incidence based on the epidemiological variable and  spatially in Demak District.Method: It was an observational research using cross sectional design. The subjects were 89 cases over the year 2011-2016. The variables studied consisted of epidemiological variabels (man, place, and time), physical and biological environment factors, and behaviour aspects. Interviews and observation were conducted as the data collection  techniques.The collected data would be analysed descriptively and spatially.Result: The results of this research showed that the lepstospirosis incidence was –suffered more by male (66%) compared to female. Most of them (67,4%) were farmers. The peak of leptospirosis incidence occured in 2011. The existence of water puddle around the house, and drainage functioning as the media where the rat died. There were rats in the house where the cases occured (98,7%). Most of the subjects (66,7%) stated that they did their activities everyday in bare foot. Spatial analysis showed that Mranggen and Karangawen sub district had high numbers of leptospirosis cases.Conclusion: Most of the leptispirosis cases were suffered more by male compared to female and the subjects worked as  farmers. Mranggen and Karangnawen were two districts  with  high incidence of leptospirosis relatively. These areas  held a history as flooding areas in previous time.

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