ASSESSMENT OF GH RELEASING HORMONE ACTIVITY IN SEPHADEX-SEPARATED FRACTIONS OF PORCINE HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACTS BY HYPOPHYSEAL PORTAL VESSEL INFUSION IN THE RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Takahara ◽  
Akira Arimura ◽  
Andrew V. Schally
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Portal Vessel ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone

ABSTRACT Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) activity in Sephadex G-25 fractions of porcine stalk median eminence (SME) extracts was examined in vivo by infusing these samples into a rat hypophyseal portal vessel. The increment of immunoreactive GH levels in the serum was used as the index for GH-RH activity. The GH-RH activities were found in two different locations: in the early fractions Nos. 3–4, and in somewhat retarded fraction No. 7. These GH-RH activities were not due to TRH, vasopressin, or potassium. The location of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) and prolactin release-inhibiting hormone (PR-IH) determined in this in vivo system was in agreement with those found in other in vivo and in vitro assay systems for LH-RH and PR-IH, respectively. These results help validate this assay system.

scholarly journals Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit the growth of human malignant pleural mesothelioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 2226-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Villanova ◽  
Iacopo Gesmundo ◽  
Valentina Audrito ◽  
Nicoletta Vitale ◽  
Francesca Silvagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ghrh Antagonists

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy associated with exposure to asbestos, with poor prognosis and no effective therapies. The strong inhibitory activities of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists have been demonstrated in different experimental human cancers, including lung cancer; however, their role in MPM remains unknown. We assessed the effects of the GHRH antagonists MIA-602 and MIA-690 in vitro in MPM cell lines and in primary MPM cells, and in vivo in MPM xenografts. GHRH, GHRH receptor, and its main splice variant SV1 were found in all the MPM cell types examined. In vitro, MIA-602 and MIA-690 reduced survival and proliferation in both MPM cell lines and primary cells and showed synergistic inhibitory activity with the chemotherapy drug pemetrexed. In MPM cells, GHRH antagonists also regulated activity and expression of apoptotic molecules, inhibited cell migration, and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. These effects were accompanied by impairment of mitochondrial activity and increased production of reactive oxygen species. In vivo, s.c. administration of MIA-602 and MIA-690 at the dose of 5 μg/d for 4 wk strongly inhibited the growth of MPM xenografts in mice, along with reduction of tumor insulin-like growth factor-I and vascular endothelial growth factor. Overall, these results suggest that treatment with GHRH antagonists, alone or in association with chemotherapy, may offer an approach for the treatment of MPM.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Lung Physiology and Pulmonary Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2331
Author(s):  
Chongxu Zhang ◽  
Tengjiao Cui ◽  
Renzhi Cai ◽  
Medhi Wangpaichitr ◽  
Mehdi Mirsaeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
P21 Activated Kinase

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is secreted primarily from the hypothalamus, but other tissues, including the lungs, produce it locally. GHRH stimulates the release and secretion of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary and regulates the production of GH and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Pituitary-type GHRH-receptors (GHRH-R) are expressed in human lungs, indicating that GHRH or GH could participate in lung development, growth, and repair. GHRH-R antagonists (i.e., synthetic peptides), which we have tested in various models, exert growth-inhibitory effects in lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo in addition to having anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and pro-apoptotic effects. One antagonist of the GHRH-R used in recent studies reviewed here, MIA-602, lessens both inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin lung injury. GHRH and its peptide agonists regulate the proliferation of fibroblasts through the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt pathways. In addition to downregulating GH and IGF-1, GHRH-R antagonist MIA-602 inhibits signaling pathways relevant to inflammation, including p21-activated kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor-kappa B (PAK1-STAT3/NF-κB and ERK). MIA-602 induces fibroblast apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, which is an effect that is likely important in antifibrotic actions. Taken together, the novel data reviewed here show that GHRH is an important peptide that participates in lung homeostasis, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer; and GHRH-R antagonists may have therapeutic potential in lung diseases.

Inhibition of proliferation in human MNNG/HOS osteosarcoma and SK-ES-1 Ewing sarcoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo by antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone

Cancer ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Braczkowski ◽  
Andrew V. Schally ◽  
Artur Plonowski ◽  
Jozsef L. Varga ◽  
Kate Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Sarcoma Cell ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Effect of novel growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists on growth of experimental renal cell carcinomas.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 469-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Rick ◽  
Luca Szalontay ◽  
Andrew Abi-Chaker ◽  
Norman L. Block ◽  
Gabor Halmos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ghrh Receptor ◽  
Ghrh Antagonists

469 Background: Although targeted therapy has improved the clinical outcome for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a complete response is rare and therapy has adverse effects. Early antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were shown to inhibit experimental RCC cell line, Caki-1, in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we investigate the effects of novel and highly potent antagonists of GHRH of MIA class on the growth of three RCC cell lines. Methods: The expression of GHRH receptor in all three cell lines was evaluated by ligand competition studies. The influence of GHRH antagonists MIA-602, MIA-604, MIA-606, and MIA-690 on cell viability was assessed by MTS assay in ACHN, A498, and 786-0 human RCC cells. GHRH antagonists were given at dose of 5µg daily in these three nude-mice xenograft models. Cell cycle parameters were analyzed by laser flow cytometry. Results: Ligand competition studies revealed specific, high affinity binding sites for GHRH receptor in all three RCC cell lines. GHRH antagonists inhibited the proliferation of all three RCC cells in a dose dependent manner. GHRH antagonists caused significant inhibition of tumor growth of ACHN, A498, and 786-0 RCCs ranged from 53-75% after 35 days of treatment (p<0.001). Treatment of ACHN cells with MIA-690 (10µM) led to a significant increase in number of cells with subG1DNA content, suggesting apoptosis. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the novel GHRH antagonists in inhibiting growth of experimental RCC models in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated. The inhibitory effect of GHRH antagonists is mainly due to direct inhibitory effects exerted through GHRH receptors. Biochemical and histological evaluation is needed to explore the mechanisms of action of GHRH antagonists in RCC.

scholarly journals Antagonists of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Inhibit the Growth of Pituitary Adenoma Cells by Hampering Oncogenic Pathways and Promoting Apoptotic Signaling

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Iacopo Gesmundo ◽  
Giuseppina Granato ◽  
Antonio C. Fuentes-Fayos ◽  
Clara V. Alvarez ◽  
Carlos Dieguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ghrh Receptor ◽  
Ghrh Antagonists

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are intracranial tumors, often associated with excessive hormonal secretion and severe comorbidities. Some patients are resistant to medical therapies; therefore, novel treatment options are needed. Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) exert potent anticancer effects, and early GHRH antagonists were found to inhibit GHRH-induced secretion of pituitary GH in vitro and in vivo. However, the antitumor role of GHRH antagonists in PAs is largely unknown. Here, we show that the GHRH antagonists of MIAMI class, MIA-602 and MIA-690, inhibited cell viability and growth and promoted apoptosis in GH/prolactin-secreting GH3 PA cells transfected with human GHRH receptor (GH3-GHRHR), and in adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH-secreting AtT20 PA cells. GHRH antagonists also reduced the expression of proteins involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, upregulated proapoptotic molecules, and lowered GHRH receptor levels. The combination of MIA-690 with temozolomide synergistically blunted the viability of GH3-GHRHR and AtT20 cells. Moreover, MIA-690 reduced both basal and GHRH-induced secretion of GH and intracellular cAMP levels. Finally, GHRH antagonists inhibited cell viability in human primary GH- and ACTH-PA cell cultures. Overall, our results suggest that GHRH antagonists, either alone or in combination with pharmacological treatments, may be considered for further development as therapy for PAs.

Suppression of the proliferation of human U-87 MG glioblastoma cells by new antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone in vivo and in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklos Jaszberenyi ◽  
Andrew V. Schally ◽  
Norman L. Block ◽  
Marta Zarandi ◽  
Ren-Zhi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Glioblastoma Cells ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Abstract 723: Agonist of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Enhances Angiogenic Therapy by Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yu ◽  
Qunchao Ma ◽  
Xiangyang Xia ◽  
Quanwei Tao ◽  
Kai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Angiogenic Therapy

Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represents a promising strategy for treating cardiovascular disease. However, the efficiency of such therapy is limited by poor cell survival and engraftment. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) regulates growth and development through pleiotropic actions on multiple target cell and tissue types. Here we studied the effect of the GHRH agonist, JI-34, on MSC survival and angiogenic therapy in a mouse model of critical limb ischemia. Treatment of MSCs with JI-34 improved MSC viability and mobility and markedly enhanced endothelial tube formation in vitro. These effects were paralleled by increased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. In vivo, JI-34 pre-treatment enhanced the engraftment of MSCs into ischemic hindlimb muscles and augmented reperfusion and limb salvage compared with untreated MSCs. Significantly more vasculature and proliferating CD31+ and CD34+ cells were detected in ischemic muscles that received MSCs treated with JI-34. Our studies demonstrate a novel role for JI-34 to markedly improve therapeutic angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia by increasing the viability and mobility of MSCs. These findings support additional studies to explore the full potential of GHRH agonists to augment cell therapy in the management of ischemia.

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