THE EFFECT OF NANDROLONE PHENYLPROPIONATE ON 14C-LEUCINE INCORPORATION INTO MUSCLE PROTEIN IN THE RAT AND RABBIT IN VIVO

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bresloff ◽  
P. K. Fox ◽  
A. W. Sim ◽  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Nandrolone Phenylpropionate

ABSTRACT Investigations have been carried out into the incorporation of 14C-leucine into muscle protein of rats and rabbits and its modification by various treatments. Significant decreases in the rate of incorporation of 14C-leucine into protein of the gastrocnemius and levator ani muscles of rats have been observed following hypophysectomy, fasting or treatment with a corticosteroid. In these situations, treatment with an anabolic steroid, nandrolone phenylpropionate, always prevented or reversed the decrease in 14C-leucine incorporation in the levator ani muscle but never in the gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast to the situation in the rat, the decreased incorporation of 14C-leucine in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rabbit following corticosteroid administration could be partially reversed by the anabolic steroid. The results demonstrate that 14C-leucine incorporation into muscle protein in vivo following various experimental treatments may vary markedly not only from one species to another but also from one muscle to another. Great care should be taken in interpreting the effect, or lack of effect, of androgenic/anabolic steroids on the basis of the response of a single muscle.

scholarly journals Tetrahydrogestrinone induces a genomic signature typical of a potent anabolic steroid

2005 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernand Labrie ◽  
Van Luu-The ◽  
Ezequiel Calvo ◽  
Céline Martel ◽  
Julie Cloutier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Mouse Genome ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Mouse Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Androgenic Activity

Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG) is a recently identified compound having the greatest impact in the world of sports. In order to obtain a highly accurate and sensitive assessment of the potential anabolic/androgenic activity of THG, we have used microarrays to identify its effect on the expression of practically all the 30 000 genes in the mouse genome and compared it with the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent natural androgen. Quite remarkably, we found that 671 of the genes modulated by THG in the mouse muscle levator ani are modulated in a similar fashion by DHT, while in the gastrocnemius muscle and prostate, 95 and 939 genes respectively, are modulated in common by the two steroids. On the other hand, THG is more potent than DHT in binding to the androgen receptor, while, under in vivo conditions, THG possesses 20% of the potency of DHT in stimulating prostate, seminal vesicle and levator ani muscle weight in the mouse. The present microarray data provide an extremely precise and unquestionable signature of the androgenic/anabolic activity of THG, an approach which should apply to the analysis of the activity of any anabolic steroid.

ORAL ANABOLIC:ANDROGENIC EVALUATIONS OF FOUR ANABOLIC STEROIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Arnold ◽  
Gordon O. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Clinical Interest

ABSTRACT Four steroids of potential clinical interest were evaluated in rats for anabolic activity by means of nitrogen balance studies and myotrophically for their effect on the growth of the levator ani muscle. The increase in the weight of the ventral prostate was used as an index of their androgenicity. Under these conditions the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic dissociation ratios were: 17α-methyl-4-chloro-testosterone 0.65:0.12 = 5.4 and 0.32:0.12 = 2.7; 17α-methyl-androst-5-ene-3,17-diol 0.70:0.62 = 1.1 and 0.46:0.62 = 0.7; 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone 4.6:1.1 = 4.2 and 5.8:1.1 = 5.3; and 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate 0.06:0.15 = 0.004 and 0.72:0.15 = 4.8, respectively. While the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic ratios, in general, are of the same order, it should be noted that there was a marked discrepancy between the nitrogen retention:androgenic and the myotrophic:androgenic ratios for 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate.

scholarly journals In vivo visualization of the levator ani muscle subdivisions using MR fiber tractography with diffusion tensor imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Rousset ◽  
Vincent Delmas ◽  
Jean-Noël Buy ◽  
Alain Rahmouni ◽  
Dominique Vadrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Fiber Tractography

scholarly journals Tissue Selectivity of the Anabolic Steroid, 19-Nor-4-Androstenediol-3β,17β-Diol in Male Sprague Dawley Rats: Selective Stimulation of Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density Relative to Prostate Mass

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1987-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie T. Page ◽  
Brett T. Marck ◽  
James M. Tolliver ◽  
Alvin M. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tissue Selectivity ◽  
Prostate Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation of prostate growth is a major concern with testosterone therapy in older hypogonadal men. As a result, nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators with anabolic activity but less prostate stimulation are being developed. Anabolic steroids might exhibit similar tissue selectivity. We hypothesized the anabolic steroid 19-nor-4-androstenediol-3β,17β-diol (3β,19-NA) would increase muscle, lean body mass (LBM), and bone mineral density (BMD) with little stimulation of prostate growth. Male Sprague Dawley rats were implanted with SILASTIC brand (Dow Corning, Midland, MI) capsules containing 3β,19-NA (4, 8, or 16 cm), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (8 cm), 19-nortestosterone (16 cm), or four empty capsules after undergoing either a sham operation (intact) or orchidectomy (ORX). Serum gonadotropins, measured after 4, 8, or 24 wk of treatment, were significantly lower in 3β,19-NA-treated vs. untreated, intact, and ORX rats (P < 0.05), and testosterone was lowered by 3β,19-NA-treatment of intact animals. LBM and BMD were assessed after 20 wk, and 4 wk later, rats were killed for levator ani muscle and prostate weights. Compared with ORX rats, 3β,19-NA-treated rats had dose-dependent higher levator ani muscle weights, LBM, and BMD, which were similar to intact and DHT-treated rats at the highest 3β,19-NA dose. In contrast, prostate weights in all 3β,19-NA-treated groups were similar to ORX rats and lower than intact and DHT- and 19-nortestosterone-treated rats even at the highest 3β,19-NA dose. In summary, 3β,19-NA increases muscle and bone mass without significant stimulation of prostate growth, suggesting it may have some properties of a steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator. Anabolic steroids such as 3β,19-NA should be studied further to determine their mechanisms of tissue selectivity and effects in men.

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE BINDING OF 19-NORTESTOSTERONE, 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN RAT PROSTATE AND BULBOCAVERNOSUS/LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. KRIEG ◽  
M. DENNIS ◽  
K. D. VOIGT
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rat Prostate ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
In Vitro Data

SUMMARY Specific binding of [3H]19-nortestosterone in the 100000 g cytosol of the rat bulbocavernosus/levator ani muscle (BCLA) and prostate was demonstrated by agargel electrophoresis at low temperature and compared qualitatively and quantitatively with the binding of tritiated testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Both tissues showed a greater binding affinity for 5α-DHT than for 19-nortestosterone, with testosterone binding the least well of the three. The relative binding affinities in the BCLA and prostate were: 19-nortestosterone: testosterone = 1·4, 19-nortestosterone: 5α-DHT = 0·7. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0·02). The concentrations of receptor sites for 5α-DHT were 171 ± 20 (s.d.) fmol/mg prostatic cytosol protein and 24 ± 4 (s.d.) fmol/mg BCLA cytosol protein. The in-vitro metabolism of the three steroids in both tissues was also investigated by thin-layer chromatography. After incubating for 2 h at 0 °C the prostate was shown to reduce 26% of the 5α-DHT to androstanediols whilst the BCLA showed a 5% conversion. Testosterone was converted by the prostate to 5α-DHT (10%) and the androstanediols (6%) whilst the BCLA showed little activity in this respect. Comparing these in-vitro data with in-vivo findings from the literature, in both organs there is a positive correlation of the extent of binding in vitro to the stimulation of growth in vivo, bearing in mind that testosterone is metabolized to 5α-DHT in the prostate whilst in the BCLA, 5α-reductase is essentially absent.

EFFECTS OF INSULIN ON THE INTACT LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arvill ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Intracellular Accumulation ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Significant Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effects of insulin on the rate of intracellular accumulation and incorporation into the protein of some normal amino acids (glycine-3H, leucine-14C and valine-14C) in the intact levator ani muscle of the rat were studied in vitro. The effect of puromycin on the accumulation of these amino acids as well as on the accumulation of the model amino acid α-aminoisobutyric acid-14C (AIB-14C) was examined. In addition the effect of insulin on the incorporation of adenine-14C into the muscle RNA as well as on the effect of actinomycin D added to the incubation medium were also investigated. The insulin stimulated AIB-14C transport is described by the formulation of Michaelis-Menten and approximate values of Km and Vmax are calculated for this transport in the levator ani muscle. Insulin was found to stimulate the intracellular accumulation of glycine-3H and AIB-14C, while a significant decrease was found in the accumulation of leucine-14C and valine-14C. Insulin also stimulated the incorporation of glycine-3H and leucine-14C into the muscle protein. When puromycin was added to the medium, no radioactivity was found in the protein fraction and insulin then stimulated the intracellular accumulation of glycine-3H, leucine-14C and AIB-14C. A slight but significant stimulation with insulin was found on the incorporation of adenine-14C into the RNA-fraction of the levator ani muscle. The addition of actinomycin D was found to inhibit this effect of insulin, but did not change the insulin stimulation of the AIB-14C accumulation. The results are discussed in relation to our present knowledge of the different in vitro effects of insulin.

THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT AS AN INTACT PREPARATION SUITABLE FOR IN VITRO INVESTIGATIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arvill ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tissue Water Content ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Total Tissue

ABSTRACT A method is described of dissecting out and incubating the levator ani muscle of immature male rats, keeping its normal connections to the rest of the perineal complex. In order to find out whether this isolated preparation remained intact with undamaged cell membranes, comparisons were made between this preparation of the levator ani muscle and a cut preparation of the same muscle, and also between the levator ani muscle and the intact and cut preparations of the diaphragm. The following determinations were made: Distribution of sucrose-14C in vivo and in vitro Distribution of inulin-14C in vitro Distribution of D-xylose-14C in vitro Total tissue water content Potassium concentration in the medium after different incubation periods. It is concluded that it is possible to dissect out the levator ani muscle with undamaged cells and that this preparation can be both suitable and useful for in vitro investigations.

RESPONSE OF THE SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND OF THE CASTRATED MOUSE TO LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF STEROIDS

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. BROWN-GRANT ◽  
W. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Systemic Administration ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Submandibular Glands

SUMMARY The effects of testosterone propionate (TP) and of 17α-ethyl-19 nor-testosterone (ENT) on the submandibular glands, levator ani muscles and seminal vesicles of castrated mice have been compared. ENT restores submandibular weight and histology about as well as TP but has less effect on the levator ani muscle and much less effect on the seminal vesicles. Both steroids can act directly on the submandibular gland. It is suggested that the effect on the gland may be an indication of the 'anabolic' rather than the 'androgenic' potency of the steroids, and the possible use of this response for the assay of 'anabolic' steroids is discussed.

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