IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN LONG TERM INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS WITH CLINICAL DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Hanssen ◽  
P. Aaby Svendsen ◽  
P.-E. Evrin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Renal Tubule ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
List Type ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Comparable Group ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) was measured serially together with 24 hour urinary immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) in 25 long term insulin treated diabetics with clinical diabetic nephropathy (defined by urinary albumin above 25 mg/24 h). The mean plasma IRHGH was significantly higher than in a comparable group of diabetics without increased urinary albumin (0.05 > P > 0.02). The urinary IRHGH increased from near normal values in those patients with a normal creatinine clearance to 100 times the normal urinary IRHGH in patients with creatinine clearance of less than 20 ml/min. Two other small molecular weight proteins (β2-microglobulin and lysozyme) were also measured in the blood and urine in some of the patients. IRHGH, β2-microglobulin and lysozyme clearances increased in parallel as the creatinine clearance decreased. This study further supports the theory that growth hormone is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed for the major part in the proximal renal tubule. The increased plasma and urinary IRHGH seen in diabetic nephropathy seems to be a consequence of the kidney damage rather than its cause.

IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN LONG TERM INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS IN RELATION TO DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian F. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT In 15 long term insulin dependent diabetics with a normal excretion of albumin in the urine (< 25 mg/24 h), plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) was measured serially together with the urinary immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) during 24 hours. A positive correlation was shown between mean plasma IRHGH and urinary IRHGH in the individual patient (0.05 > P > 0.02). No significant difference between median plasma IRHGH in the diabetics and controls was observed. However, urinary IRHGH was higher in the diabetics than in the controls (0.05 > P > 0.02). A near positive correlation was shown between urinary IRHGH and glucosuria (R = 0.50, 0.1 > P > 0.05). No correlation was shown between the degree of diabetic retinography and the mean plasma IRHGH or urinary IRHGH.

THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Apostolakis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Precipitation ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Content ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.

IMMUNOREACTIVE GROWTH HORMONE IN PLASMA AND URINE IN JUVENILE DIABETICS BEFORE AND DURING INITIAL INSULIN TREATMENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian F. Hanssen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Renal Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Tubular

ABSTRACT Twenty newly diagnosed, but as yet untreated patients of both sexes with classical juvenile diabetes were investigated by determining the mean plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRHGH) and urinary IRHGH for a 24 hour period before and during initial insulin treatment. The plasma IRHGH was significantly higher (0.05 > P > 0.01) before than during initial insulin treatment. During initial insulin treatment, the mean plasma IRHGH was significantly higher (0.01 > P > 0.001) than in a control group. The urinary IRHGH was significantly higher (0.01 > P > 0.001) before than during insulin treatment. The increased urinary IRHGH observed before insulin treatment is thought to be partly due to a defective renal tubular reabsorption of growth hormone. No significant correlation was found between the mean blood sugar and plasma or urinary IRHGH either before or during insulin treatment.

Long-term results of gamma knife surgery for growth hormone—producing pituitary adenoma: is the disease difficult to cure?

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (Special_Supplement) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshimasa Mori ◽  
Yukio Uchiyama ◽  
Yoshihisa Kida ◽  
Shigeru Fujitani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gamma Knife ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Gamma Knife Surgery ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Radiation ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors conducted a study to determine the long-term results of gamma knife surgery for residual or recurrent growth hormine (GH)—producing pituitary adenomas and to compare the results with those after treatment of other pituitary adenomas. Methods. The series consisted of 67 patients. The mean tumor diameter was 19.2 mm and volume was 5.4 cm3. The mean maximum dose was 35.3 Gy and the mean margin dose was 18.9 Gy. The mean follow-up duration was 63.3 months (range 13–142 months). The tumor resolution rate was 2%, the response rate 68.3%, and the control rate 100%. Growth hormone normalization (GH < 1.0 ng/ml) was found in 4.8%, nearly normal (< 2.0 ng/ml) in 11.9%, significantly decreased (< 5.0 ng/ml) in 23.8%, decreased in 21.4%, unchanged in 21.4%, and increased in 16.7%. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)—1 was significantly decreased (IGF-1 < 400 ng/ml) in 40.7%, decreased in 29.6%, unchanged in 18.5%, and increased in 11.1%, which was almost parallel to the GH changes. Conclusions. Gamma knife surgery was effective and safe for the control of tumors; however, normalization of GH and IGF-1 secretion was difficult to achieve in cases with large tumors and low-dose radiation. Gamma knife radiosurgery is thus indicated for small tumors after surgery or medication therapy when a relatively high-dose radiation is required.

Desensitization from long-term intranasal treatment with hexarelin does not interfere with the biological effects of this growth hormone-releasing peptide in short children

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Klinger ◽  
Aviva Silbergeld ◽  
Romano Deghenghi ◽  
Jenny Frenkel ◽  
Zvi Laron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Short Children ◽  
The Mean

Klinger B, Silbergeld A, Deghenghi R, Frenkel J, Laron Z. Desensitization from long-term intranasal treatment with hexarelin does not interfere with the biological effects of this growth hormonereleasing peptide in short children. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:716–9. ISSN 0804–4643 A clinical, prospective experiment was carried out to determine whether long-term intranasal administration of the growth hormone-releasing peptide hexarelin (His-d-2-methyl-Trp-Ala-Trp-d-Phe-Lys-NH2) affects pituitary growth hormone secretion. Hexarelin (60 μg/kg t.i.d.) was administered to seven prepubertal constitutionally short children (mean age ±sd = 7.6 ± 2.4 years). Serum human growth hormone (hGH) response to an intranasal (20 μg/kg) and intravenous (1 μg/kg) bolus of hexarelin before, during and after 6–10 months of treatment was measured. The mean (±sd) peak rise of hGH to the intranasal bolus before treatment was 70.6 ± mU/I. After 7 days of hexarelin treatment, mean peak values dropped to 34.1 ±15.7 mU/l (p < 0.002) and thereafter remained constant for 6 months of treatment at 37.5 10.3 ±mU/l (p < 0.03). The pretreatment peak to the iv hexarelin bolus was 84.8 52.5 ±mU/l, and at the end of the treatment period it was 19.8 10.9 ±mU/l (p < 0.05). Three months after stopping treatment the mean (±sd) hGH response rose to 42.1 ±4.7 mU/l (p < 0.005). Growth velocity increased from 5.3±0.9 cm/year (before treatment) to 7.4 1.6 cm/year at ±6–10 months of treatment (p < 0.005). In conclusion, the partial suppression of pituitary hGH responsiveness to long-term intranasal hexarelin treatment, probably due to desensitization, does not affect the observed increase in growth velocity. Z Laron, Pediatric Endocrinology, 11 El Al Street, Ramat Efal, 52960, Israel

scholarly journals A study in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in recently detected cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus as evidenced by altered creatinine clearance, urinary albumin and serum creatinine, with special emphasis on hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitan Patel ◽  
Minal Shastri ◽  
Nisha Gaur ◽  
Prutha Jinwala ◽  
Abhishek Y. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the commonest and most dreaded complications of Diabetes. The Aim was to evaluate the significance of microalbuminuria and creatinine clearance for detecting incipient diabetic nephropathy, and to find out the prevalence of nephropathy among freshly detected Type 2 diabetic patients with vs. those without hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and/or obesity.Methods: In this prospective study, 100 recently diagnosed diabetics were studied. Group A had 50 patients with at least one risk factor are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Group B had 50 patients without any of the aforementioned factors. Patients were investigated for presence of Diabetic nephropathy with abnormal serum Creatinine, creatinine clearance and urinary albumin levels.Results: As many as 43 out of 100 patients were found to have Diabetic nephropathy. The number was significantly higher in group A compared to group B (34/50 vs. 9/50). Incidence of nephropathy was higher with higher number of associated risk factors. Urinary microalbuminuria was the commonest abnormality, Serum creatinine was found in only 30.23% of total positive cases.Conclusions: Incidence of diabetic nephropathy is much larger than imagined in freshly diagnosed/new onset cases of DM type 2. Author also conclude that hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia can contribute to development of nephropathy (68% vs. 18% in those who had the factors vs. those who didn’t). Also, urinary microalbuminuria appears to be much more sensitive than serum creatinine as screening tool.

scholarly journals Late presentation of acromegaly in medically controlled prolactinoma patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Manuylova ◽  
Laura M Calvi ◽  
Catherine Hastings ◽  
G Edward Vates ◽  
Mahlon D Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dopamine Agonists ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Biochemical Control ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Learning Points

Summary Co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) from a single pituitary adenoma is common. In fact, up to 25% of patients with acromegaly may have PRL co-secretion. The prevalence of acromegaly among patients with a newly diagnosed prolactinoma is unknown. Given the possibility of mixed GH and PRL co-secretion, the current recommendation is to obtain an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with prolactinoma at the initial diagnosis. Long-term follow-up of IGF-1 is not routinely done. Here, we report two cases of well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists with the development of acromegaly 10–20 years after the initial diagnoses. In both patients, a mixed PRL/GH-cosecreting adenoma was confirmed on the pathology examination after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Therefore, periodic routine measurements of IGF-1 should be considered regardless of the duration and biochemical control of prolactinoma. Learning points: Acromegaly can develop in patients with well-controlled prolactinoma on dopamine agonists. The interval between prolactinoma and acromegaly diagnoses can be several decades. Periodic screening of patients with prolactinoma for growth hormone excess should be considered and can 
lead to an early diagnosis of acromegaly before the development of complications.

Changes of molecular forms of growth hormone in bromocriptine treated acromegaly in relation to changes of somatomedin-C and clinical response

1985 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. R. Nortier ◽  
R. J. M. Croughs ◽  
G. H. Donker ◽  
J. H. H. thijssen ◽  
F. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
Improvement Score

Abstract. Eleven patients with active acromegaly were treated with 10–20 mg bromocriptine daily for a period of 6–9 months. The clinical response was evaluated by a 'clinical and metabolic improvement score'. The biochemical response was evaluated by measurement of both the mean plasma growth hormone (GH) level during the day and the somatomedin-C (Sm-C) concentration. Before and at the end of the treatment period plasma samples were fractionated by Sephadex G-100 chromatography in order to study the effects of chronic bromocriptine treatment on the concentrations of total GH and its different molecular forms. The main observations may be summarized as follows: Three immunoreactive components were observed on Sephadex chromatography corresponding to molecular weight above 100 000 (big-big GH), 40000–60000 (big GH) and 20000–22000 (little GH). Bromocriptine treatment induced preferentially a reduction of little GH. There was a very good correlation between the decrease of little GH and total GH, and both were significantly correlated with the clinical response. The correlation between the decrease of Sm-C values and that of little and total GH as well as between the decrease of Sm-C and the clinical response was poor. It is concluded that a) measurement of little GH is not superior to the determination of total GH in the assessment of disease activity of bromocriptine treated acromegalic patients; b) both methods are superior to the measurement of plasma Sm-C levels; c) clinical response out of proportion ot the fall of total GH which can be explained by a preferential reduction of little GH, has not been observed in our investigations.

PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND SERUM PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN RELATION TO THE MENOPAUSE AND TO OESTROGEN THERAPY

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. AITKEN ◽  
M. J. D. GALLAGHER ◽  
D. M. HART ◽  
D. A. G. NEWTON ◽  
A. CRAIG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Serum Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Oestrogen Therapy ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Plasma human growth hormone (HGH) and serum phosphorus concentrations were measured during the fasting ambulatory state in middleaged men, pre- and postmenopausal women and postmenopausal women who had been taking 20–40 μg mestranol daily for 1–3 years. The mean plasma HGH concentrations were consistently higher in the women than they were in the men, there was little difference between the mean values for pre- and postmenopausal women, and the mestranoltreated women had significantly higher mean values than the untreated postmenopausal women. The mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly higher after menopause and was significantly lower in those women on long-term lowdose mestranol therapy. A significant direct correlation was found between serum phosphorus and plasma HGH concentrations in untreated postmenopausal women. It is suggested that the postmenopausal relative hyperphosphataemia is consistent with increased HGH activity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Childhood Growth Hormone Treatment in Noonan Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-395
Author(s):  
Tilman R. Rohrer ◽  
Jennifer Abuzzahab ◽  
Philippe Backeljauw ◽  
Anna Camilla Birkegård ◽  
Joanne Blair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
The Mean

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Few data exist on long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of GH treatment in NS in clinical practice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Height gain, near-adult height (NAH), and safety were assessed in 2 complementary non-interventional studies: NordiNet® IOS and ANSWER. The safety analysis included 412 patients, and the effectiveness analysis included 84 GH-treated patients (male, <i>n</i> = 67) with ≥4 years’ height standard deviation score (HSDS) data. HSDS was determined using national reference (NR) and NS-specific (NSS) data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean (SD) baseline age was 8.38 (3.57) years; HSDS, −2.76 (1.03); GH dose, 41.6 (11.1) µg/kg/day. The mean (SD) HSDS increase from baseline (ΔHSDS) was 0.49 (0.37) (first year), 0.79 (0.58) (second year), and 1.01 (0.60) (third year) (NR). The mean (SD) HSDS at year 3 was −1.66 (1.00) (NR; 1.06 [1.12] [NSS]). Twenty-four patients achieved NAH. The mean (SD) NAH SDS (NR) was −1.51 (0.60) (154.90 [3.21] cm) in females and −1.79 (1.09) (165.61 [7.19] cm) in males; 70.8% (17/24) had NAH SDS ≥ −2. Adverse drug reactions and GH-unrelated serious adverse events (<i>n</i> = 34) were reported in 22/412 (5.3%) patients. Four neoplasms and 3 cases of scoliosis were reported; no cardiovascular adverse events occurred. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> GH-treated children with NS achieved substantial height gain during the first 3 years of follow-up. Overall, 24 patients achieved NAH, with 70.8% having NAH SDS ≥ –2. There was no evidence to support a higher prevalence of neoplasm, or cardiac or other comorbidities.

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