PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE-OESTRADIOL BINDING GLOBULIN, AND PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS IN THE SYNDROME OF MALE PSEUDO-HERMAPHRODITISM WITH TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland R. Tremblay ◽  
Thomas P. Foley ◽  
Pierre Corvol ◽  
In-Joo Park ◽  
Avinoam Kowarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Testicular Feminization ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Twenty patients with the syndrome of testicular feminization have been studied along with a group of normal subjects of both sexes and of comparable ages. Peripheral and gonadal venous blood were analysed for their content in testosterone (T), androstenedione (Δ), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone-oestradiol binding globulin (TeBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Normal or even higher than normal male concentrations of T, Δ, and DHT were observed. An actual secretion of the three androgens by the testis was demonstrated. Elevated levels of serum LH were found despite normal male or higher levels of T, Δ, and DHT. High concentrations of TeBG presumably could alter the dynamics of plasma androgens. The gonadal production of DHT and the normal levels of DHT in peripheral plasma shows that 5α-reductase activity is definitely present in the patients.

Ovarian inhibition of peripheral plasma concentration of follicle stimulating hormone in prepuberal holstein heifers

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.G. Zollers ◽  
D.W. Forrest ◽  
W.J. Campbell ◽  
J.R. Parfet ◽  
M.F. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

TESTOSTERONE 5α-REDUCTION IN THE SKIN OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND OF PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL SEX DEVELOPMENT

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Kuttenn ◽  
Pierre Mauvais-Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT Human pubic skin was obtained from normal subjects and patients with abnormal sex differentiation. Skin samples (200 mg) supplemented with NADPH, were incubated for 1 h with labelled testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone1), 3α- and 3β-androstanediol was calculated. This conversion averaged 14.9 ± 3.4 % (se) in 11 normal men and 3.6 ± 1.4 % (se) in 8 normal women. In 4 children as in 4 young hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal men, the conversion rate of testosterone to 5α-reduced metabolites was low (0.8 to 3.5%) and increased at puberty (13.5 to 19.2%). After administration of HCG for 3 months to 1 of the hypogonadal men, it reached 30.2 %. Inversely, the formation of dihydrotestosterone and androstanediols from testosterone was suppressed in 2 men treated with large doses of oestrogen. In 3 subjects with an incomplete form of testicular feminization syndrome, the conversion rate of testosterone to 5α-reduced metabolites was in the normal male range (6.4 to 18.3%), whereas it was low in one case of the complete form of the syndrome (1.5%). In 9 women with idiopathic hirsutism the rate of 5α-reduced metabolites recovered from testosterone was close to that of normal men (13.5 ± 5.5% (se). From theseresults, it is postulated that in human subjects, there is a good correlation between hair growth in skin from a sexual area and the extent of testosterone 5α-reduction in this tissue. Such an enzymatic activity might be induced by active androgens; this latter hypothesis is in good agreement with the increase of 5α-reduction activity observed at puberty or after treatment of young hypogonadal males. In addition, it is pointed out that a positive correlation is observed between the 5α-reductase activity present in each skin sample studied and the urinary 3α-androstanediol found for the same individual. This confirms our previous findings suggesting that the determination of urinary 3α-androstanediol might prove of clinical interest in the evaluation of the androgenic status in human subjects.

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC LUTEINIZING HORMONE-AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE (LH/FSH-RH) ON SERUM LEVELS OF LH, FSH, THYROTROPHIN (TSH) AND GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) IN NORMAL MALE SUBJECTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egil Haug ◽  
Peter Torjesen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Four normal male subjects received iv injections of synthetic luteinizing hormone- and follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH/FSH-RH) in doses of 12.5, 25, 100, 200 and 400 μg, respectively. A dose of 12.5 μg of LH/FSH-RH caused a significant increase in serum FSH, and 25 μg significantly increased the serum LH. The peak responses occurred 15 to 30 min after the LH/FSH-RH injections in most of the experiments. The increase in the mean maximum serum LH and FSH levels was 2 to 4 fold. There was great variation in response between the subjects, but when tested repeatedly with the same dose of LH/FSH-RH a given individual responded in a consistent manner. The log dose-response curve between LH/FSH-RH and serum LH, and between LH/FSH-RH and serum FSH was approximately linear. A small but significant (P < 0.05) rise in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) was found after LH/FSH-RH in doses ranging from 25 to 400 μg. There was no significant rise in serum growth hormone (HGH). On the basis of the present study a standard 100 μg iv LH/FSH-RH test is suggested.

ABSENCE OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK EFFECT OF OESTROGEN ON LH RELEASE IN PATIENTS WITH TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION SYNDROME

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Takayuki Kinugasa ◽  
Keiichi Kurachi ◽  
Keishi Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Testicular Feminization ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Exogenous Oestrogen ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT The response of serum LH to exogenous oestrogen administration was studied in 5 patients with testicular feminization syndrome (TFS). The serum LH levels were elevated in all the patients, while serum testosterone levels were within the normal male range. Serum FSH levels were elevated in 4 patients and normal in one patient. Intravenous administration of 100 μg of LH-RH provoked a further increase in both LH and FSH. Following intravenous injection of 20 mg of conjugated oestrogen (Premarin®), the LH levels were serially determined until 120 h in TFS patients, 5 normal males, and 10 normal females during the mid-follocular phase (D7-9). Both TFS patients and normal males showed no LH release following oestrogen injection in contrast to normal females who displayed a significant increase in LH with a peak at 48 to 56 h after the injection. These results seem to suggest that the insensitivity of the hypothalamus to androgen in TFS patients do not affect the sex differentiation of the hypothalamus. The possible role of oestradiol conversion from testosterone in the hypothalamus is discussed.

TESTOSTERONE AND OESTRADIOL IN DOGS WITH TESTICULAR TUMOURS

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Comhaire ◽  
D. Mattheeuws ◽  
A. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sertoli Cell Tumours

ABSTRACT The mean peripheral plasma concentration of oestradiol was found to be increased in 3 dogs with Sertoli cell tumours and in 3 dogs with seminomas, whereas the plasma testosterone showed no difference as compared to a group of dogs without testicular neoplasia. In two thirds of the cases the concentration of oestradiol in the spermatic venous blood draining the neoplastic testes was clearly higher than in the normal dogs. The testosterone concentration in the spermatic venous blood from the tumour bearing testes was lower than in the spermatic venous blood of the contralateral partner testes in the same dogs, though not different from the spermatic venous concentration in the control dogs. There was no correlation between the presence or absence of signs of feminization and the peripheral or spermatic venous concentration of sex steroids. It is concluded that not only Sertoli cell tumours, but also seminomas can secrete increased amounts of oestrogens. This is possibly due to the presence of a larger than normal mass of tissue capable of converting testosterone, or its precursors, to oestradiol.

PHOTOPERIOD-INDUCED CHANGES IN LH, FSH, PROLACTIN AND TESTOSTERONE SECRETION IN THE RAM

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEE M. SANFORD ◽  
W. MARTYN PALMER ◽  
D. BRUCE BEATON ◽  
BORDEN E. HOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Two "annual" reproductive–endocrine cycles were produced in rams during a 12-mo period by photoperiodic manipulation. Two Finnish Landrace rams were housed in a "light-proof" room between 21 Dec. 1974 and 21 June 1976; they were exposed to three consecutive photoperiod cycles in which the sinusoidal fluctuation in the annual daylight rhythm characteristic of Southern Manitoba was reproduced in 6 mo. Daylength started to decline on the 21st day of December and June. Light-controlled rams and two rams penned outside (controls) were bled at 3- to 5-wk intervals between mid-June 1975 and mid-June 1976. Jugular venous blood was collected at 20-min intervals for 8 h on each occasion. Sera were assayed for luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone. The onset of decreasing daylength was followed by increases in serum FSH and testosterone concentrations and a decrease in PRL concentration in both pairs of rams. However, photoperiod-related changes in serum LH concentration in rams were not comparable during 6- and 12-mo "annual" photoperiod cycles. In all rams, periods of elevated testosterone concentration were characterized by increases in LH- and testosterone-peak frequencies and testosterone-peak height, and a decrease in LH-peak height.

PITUITARY HORMONE SECRETION IN THE GENETICALLY MALE RAT PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. GOLDMAN ◽  
A. W. ROOT ◽  
G. DUCKETT ◽  
B. H. SHAPIRO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Lh

SUMMARY Pituitary content or concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and growth hormone in the genetically androgen insensitive male rat pseudohermaphrodite is intermediate between normal male and female rats, while pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration and serum FSH levels are the same as in the normal male. The concentration of serum LH, prolactin and growth hormone indicates no sexual dimorphism. Although the pseudohermaphrodite is genetically male with a female phenotype, our results suggest some degree of masculinization of the hypothalamicpituitary system.

POSTOVULATORY LEVELS OF PROGESTOGENS, OESTROGENS, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE PLASMA OF AGED GOLDEN HAMSTERS EXHIBITING A DELAY IN FERTILIZATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. PARKENING ◽  
S. K. SAKSENA ◽  
I. F. LAU
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Texas Medical ◽  
Female Hamster ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Gamete Interactions ◽  
Hormonal Levels

* Department of Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, U.S.A. and †The Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01545, U.S.A. (Received 5 December 1977) Fertilization is delayed approximately 2–5 h in the majority of ova recovered from aged hamsters (14–17 months old), compared with younger (3–5 months old) animals (Parkening & Soderwall, 1975). This delay may explain the relatively large percentage (40%) of ova which is incapable of developing to the implantation stage in this species (Parkening & Soderwall, 1975). Blaha & Leavitt (1974) have shown that there is a wider variation in the peripheral plasma concentration of progesterone at the time of fertilization in aged than in younger hamsters. A hormonal imbalance in the senescent female hamster may disturb normal gamete interactions, thus causing the delay in fertilization. In order to determine the significance of hormonal levels with respect to fertilization, the concentrations of progestogens,

T Lymphocyte Proliferative Responses Induced by Recombinant Factor VIII in Hemophilia A Patients with Inhibitors

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 017-022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia T Singer ◽  
Joseph E Addiego ◽  
Donald C Reason ◽  
Alexander H Lucas
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Cell Fractionation ◽  
Severe Hemophilia ◽  
Human Factor Viii

SummaryIn this study we sought to determine whether factor VUI-reactive T lymphocytes were present in hemophilia A patients with inhibitor antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were obtained from 12 severe hemophilia A patients having high titer inhibitors, 4 severe hemophilia A patients without inhibitors and 5 normal male subjects. B cell-depleted MNC were cultured in serum-free medium in the absence or presence of 2 µg of recombinant human factor VIII (rFVIII) per ml, and cellular proliferation was assessed after 5 days of culture by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation. rFVIII induced marked cellular proliferation in cultures of 4 of 12 inhibitor-positive hemophilia patients: fold increase over background (stimulation index, SI) of 7.8 to 23.3. The remaining 8 inhibitor-positive patients, the 4 hemophilia patients without inhibitors and the 5 normal subjects, all had lower proliferative responses to rFVIII, SI range = 1.6 to 6.0. As a group, the inhibitor-positive subjects had significantly higher proliferative responses to rFVIII than did the inhibitor-negative and normal subjects (p < 0.05 by t-test). Cell fractionation experiments showed that T lymphocytes were the rFVIII-responsive cell type, and that monocytes were required for T cell proliferation. Thus, rFVIII-reactive T lymphocytes are present in the peripheral circulation of some inhibitor-positive hemophilia A patients. These T cells may recognize FVIII in an antigen-specific manner and play a central role in the regulation of inhibitor antibody production

Calcium and the Fc Receptor on Human Platelets

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
William F Clark ◽  
Gerald J M Tevaarwerk ◽  
Bruce D Reid ◽  
Suzanne Hall ◽  
Anita Caveney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Normal Female ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Direct Binding

SummaryWe have described the calcium dependence of the IgG Fc receptor (Fc-R) on human platelets by analyzing the direct binding of radiolabelled Fc fragments, monomers and dimers of IgG. Specific binding to platelets was undetectable at 37° C in a calcium-free preparation but readily detected when calcium was restored. Scatchard analysis of the binding data for the calcium-restored platelets permitted calculation of the available Fc-R and the Ka of binding for the different IgG ligands. The mean Ka of binding for 12 normal subjects varied from 107 to 108 L/M, with an equal receptor number measured by Fc fragments and dimers of IgG, but a lesser amount for monomeric IgG. There was no apparent difference in Fc-R number for platelets from 6 normal male versus 6 normal female subjects.At 4° C binding was detectable for dimers and polymers of IgG in a calcium-free preparation and this was markedly increased with recalcification. Thus, our data are consistent with an Fc receptor population on human platelets whose avidity for binding is significantly enhanced in a calcium-restored medium.

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