PRODUCTION AND SECRETION OF 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE BY THE CANINE PROSTATE

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Haltmeyer ◽  
Kristen B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Animal Preparation ◽  
Storage Pools

ABSTRACT An animal preparation has been developed which permits investigation of steroid secretion by the prostate of the dog. In this preparation the prostate is removed from the dog, placed in a metabolic chamber and infused with the animal's arterial blood via the prostatic arteries at a constant rate. This animal preparation secretes 5α-dihydrotestosterone into the prostatic venous blood. While testosterone is the most probable precursor for secreted 5α-dihydrotestosterone, data from experiments indicate that other steroids may serve as precursors for 5α-dihydrotestosterone in this animal preparation in vivo. The presence of »storage pools« and »secretory pools« for steroids in the infused canine prostate has been discussed.

scholarly journals Supervised Machine Learning Methods and Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques Jointly Applied for Brain Cancer Classification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3827
Author(s):  
Gemma Urbanos ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
Guillermo Vázquez ◽  
Marta Villanueva ◽  
Manuel Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Arterial Blood

Hyperspectral imaging techniques (HSI) do not require contact with patients and are non-ionizing as well as non-invasive. As a consequence, they have been extensively applied in the medical field. HSI is being combined with machine learning (ML) processes to obtain models to assist in diagnosis. In particular, the combination of these techniques has proven to be a reliable aid in the differentiation of healthy and tumor tissue during brain tumor surgery. ML algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to make predictions and provide in-vivo visualizations that may assist neurosurgeons in being more precise, hence reducing damages to healthy tissue. In this work, thirteen in-vivo hyperspectral images from twelve different patients with high-grade gliomas (grade III and IV) have been selected to train SVM, RF and CNN classifiers. Five different classes have been defined during the experiments: healthy tissue, tumor, venous blood vessel, arterial blood vessel and dura mater. Overall accuracy (OACC) results vary from 60% to 95% depending on the training conditions. Finally, as far as the contribution of each band to the OACC is concerned, the results obtained in this work are 3.81 times greater than those reported in the literature.

In Vivo Analysis of Gas Transport in Arterial and Venous Blood of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon Marinus

1992 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
B. L. TUFTS ◽  
B. BAGATTO ◽  
B. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Exercise in sea lampreys resulted in a significant decrease in the extracellular pH (pHe) in both arterial and venous blood. At rest, the erythrocyte pH (pHi) of venous blood was significantly greater than the pHi of arterial blood. Despite the considerable extracellular acidosis after exercise, both arterial and venous pHi were maintained throughout the recovery period. In the venous blood, there was a reversal of the pH gradient (ΔpH) across the erythrocyte membrane immediately after exercise. Exercise also resulted in significant reductions in the partial pressure of oxygen and hemoglobin oxygen-carriage and a significant increase in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial and venous blood. Although the total CO2 concentration of the plasma decreased after exercise, erythrocyte total CO2 concentrations (CCOCO2,i) increased. In venous blood, the CCOCO2,i immediately after exercise was double the resting value. At rest, partitioning of the total CO2 content between plasma and erythrocytes indicated that 16 % and 22 % of the total CO2 could be attributed to the erythrocytes in arterial and venous whole blood, respectively. After exercise, these percentages increased to 25% (arterial) and 38% (venous). Changes in CCOCO2,i accounted for 62% of the arteriovenous difference in whole-blood total CO2 at rest. This increased to 78% immediately after exercise. Thus, unlike other vertebrates, CO2 transport in the lamprey in vivo is largely dependent on erythrocyte CO2-carriage.

THE FORMATION OF OESTROGENS BY THE AUTOTRANSPLANTED OVARY OF THE EWE PERFUSED IN VIVO WITH C19 STEROIDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Rado ◽  
John A. McCracken ◽  
David T. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Main Route ◽  
Ovarian Artery ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Control Samples

ABSTRACT The autotransplanted ovary of the ewe was perfused in vivo via the ovarian artery with either 14C or 3H labelled C19 steroids. 17β-Oestradiol was the major phenolic steroid isolated in ovarian venous blood from either testosterone or androstenedione. Smaller amounts of oestrone were obtained but there was no 17α-oestradiol, oestriol nor conjugated oestrogens isolated. The yield of oestrogen was approximately ten fold greater from androstenedione than from testosterone suggesting that the main route of oestrogen biosynthesis in the ovine ovary is via the former steroid. The effect of infusing luteinizing hormone (LH) at the rate of 10 μg per hour on the conversion of androstenedione to 17β-oestradiol was measured in 5 experiments. In 2 experiments, when the steady state was not achieved, the increasing rate of conversion was halted. On the other hand LH resulted in a temporary increase followed by a decrease in the rate of conversion in the remaining 3 experiments in which there was a constant rate of conversion in the control samples. These results are compatible with the concept that LH stimulates the aromatisation of androstenedione to oestrogens by the ovary in vivo.

ESR spectral transition by arteriovenous cycle in nitric oxide hemoglobin of cytokine-treated rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. C1400-C1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kosaka ◽  
Y. Sawai ◽  
H. Sakaguchi ◽  
E. Kumura ◽  
N. Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Esr Spectra ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Nitric oxide (NO) generation was induced in rats by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as detected by electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of NO hemoglobin (HbNO). However, there were inconsistencies in ESR spectral shape among them. We have therefore carried out a systematic study to clarify the in vivo spectral changes. First, the spectra of the alpha-NO heme species had the distinct three-line hyperfine structure in venous blood but not in arterial blood in all rats treated with tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and/or LPS, and methemoglobin was not detected at the g = 6 (high-spin methemoglobin) region. Second, when the treated rats died, the three-line hyperfine structure was very distinct even in arterial blood. Third, even if HbNO was formed by injection of nitrite to rats, the three-line hyperfine structure of HbNO in venous blood was more marked than that in arterial blood, independent of the appearance of the methemoglobin signal. Fourth, an ex vivo study using whole blood demonstrated that the three-line hyperfine structure intensified lineally when O2 saturation of hemoglobin decreased but disappeared on reoxygenation of hemoglobin. These results directly demonstrate in vivo quaternary structural transition of the hemoglobin tetramer from the high-affinity state in the arterial cycle to the low-affinity state in the venous cycle. The transition makes the diverse ESR spectra of HbNO in vivo.

scholarly journals Hyperoxia in portal vein causes enhanced vasoconstriction in arterial vascular bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov ◽  
Dustin Becker ◽  
Max L. Hefti ◽  
Matteo Mueller ◽  
Catherine Hagedorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood

AbstractLong-term perfusion of liver grafts outside of the body may enable repair of poor-quality livers that are currently declined for transplantation, mitigating the global shortage of donor livers. In current ex vivo liver perfusion protocols, hyperoxic blood (arterial blood) is commonly delivered in the portal vein (PV). We perfused porcine livers for one week and investigated the effect of and mechanisms behind hyperoxia in the PV on hepatic arterial resistance. Applying PV hyperoxia in porcine livers (n = 5, arterial PV group), we observed an increased need for vasodilator Nitroprussiat (285 ± 162 ml/week) to maintain the reference hepatic artery flow of 0.25 l/min during ex vivo perfusion. With physiologic oxygenation (venous blood) in the PV the need for vasodilator could be reduced to 41 ± 34 ml/week (p = 0.011; n = 5, venous PV group). This phenomenon has not been reported previously, owing to the fact that such experiments are not feasible practically in vivo. We investigated the mechanism of the variation in HA resistance in response to blood oxygen saturation with a focus on the release of vasoactive substances, such as Endothelin 1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), at the protein and mRNA levels. However, no difference was found between groups for ET-1 and NO release. We propose direct oxygen sensing of endothelial cells and/or increased NO break down rate with hyperoxia as possible explanations for enhanced HA resistance.

scholarly journals Studies on the metabolism of 5α-androst-16-en-3-one in boar testis in vivo

1974 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Saat ◽  
D. B. Gower ◽  
F. A. Harrison ◽  
R. B. Heap
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Venous Plasma

1. [5α-3H]5α-Androst-16-en-3-one (5α-androstenone) was infused at a constant rate for 180min into the spermatic artery of a sexually mature boar. Samples of spermatic-venous blood were collected at 1min intervals for the first 10min of the infusion and thereafter at 15min intervals for the first hour, then at 64, 125, 155 and 172min. After infusion, the testis was removed and immediately cooled to −196°C. 2. From both the testicular tissue and the spermatic-venous plasma, endogenous and3H-labelled androst-16-enes were isolated, characterized and quantitatively determined and their specific radioactivity was calculated. 3. The specific radioactivities of 5α-androstenore, 5α-androst-16-en-3α-ol and 5α-androst-16-en-3β-ol (an-α and an-β) in testicular tissue were different from those in the spermatic-venous plasma, suggesting that these compounds may be present in more than one compartment of the testis and differentially secreted into the spermatic-venous blood. 4. The ratios of the specific radioactivities of an-α and an-β to their respective sulphate conjugates in the testicular tissue were less than the ratios of the same compounds in the spermatic-venous plasma. 5. The patterns of secretion of these labelled compounds in the spermatic-venous blood during the period of infusion were demonstrated. 6. The urine that accumulated during the infusion was analysed and found to contain3H-labelled an-β, conjugated as both glucuronide and sulphate, the specific radioactivities of which were determined. Little or no androst-16-enes occurred as free steroids. 7. The presence of an-β glucuronide in the urine is discussed.

Blood Gases of the Tench (Tinca tinca) in Well Aerated and Oxygen-Deficient Waters

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. EDDY
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tench Tinca Tinca

1. The respiration of tench at 13°C was investigated, particular attention being given to the role of the blood in uptake and transport of oxygen. 2. In well aerated water the mean value for arterial blood was 36 mmHg, for PCOCO2 3.3 mmHg and for pH 8.16; the respective venous values were 7 mmHg, 5 mmHg and 8.08. Arterial blood averaged about 75% and venous blood about 40° oxygen saturation. The mean value for oxygen uptake was 0.5 ml/min/kg and for ventilation volume 132/ml/mm/kg. 3. The oxygen tension and the percentage saturation of the blood determined in vivo are discussed in terms of the oxygen dissociation curve determined in vitro. 4. When the environmental POO2 was decreased, tench responded by increasing breathing rate and ventilation volume. Arterial POO2 and PCOCO2 decreased but arterial pH tended to remain steady. There was also a significant increase in blood lactate. 5. That tenth can withstand severe hypoxic conditions is attributed to blood of high oxygen affinity and the ability to maintain a favourable acid-base status in the blood for oxygen transport. 6. Respiration in tench is compared with that in other fish species.

Determination of liver intracellular pH in vivo and its homeostasis in acute acidosis and alkalosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. F240-F245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Park ◽  
W. J. Leach ◽  
A. I. Arieff
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acute Metabolic Acidosis

An in vivo method is presented for the determination of liver intracellular pH (pHi) using [14C]dimethadione (DMO) in dogs. This method differs from those previously published in that hepatic venous and portal venous blood pH were selected as the extracellular reference pH, and liver blood space corrections are applied to whole liver tissue [14C]DMO activity. Using these corrections, a normal liver pHi of 6.99 +/- 0.03 (SE) was obtained. During acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, as well as during acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, the liver pHi remained normal; metabolic acidosis was 7.04 +/- 0.04; metabolic alkalosis was 6.92 +/- 0.08; respiratory acidosis was 6.98 +/- 0.04; and respiratory alkalosis was 7.00 +/- 0.10. None of these values was significantly different from normal (P greater than 0.05). Changes in intracellular bicarbonate and lactate appeared to account in part for the observed stability of the liver pHi despite acute manipulations resulting in a range of pH values between 7.09 and 7.63 in arterial blood.

Effect of platelet depletion and inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase on C5a-mediated myocardial ischemia

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. H1288-H1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ito ◽  
U. Del Balzo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anaphylatoxin C5a ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Measured Flow

Activation of the complement cascade is involved in the myocardial injury resulting from transient ischemia and reperfusion. We previously showed that the complement anaphylatoxin C5a causes myocardial ischemia in vivo, mediated in part via thromboxane (Tx) A2. In the present study, we assess the role of platelets in the C5a-induced myocardial ischemia and Tx release. The left anterior descending coronary artery of anesthetized pigs was perfused with arterial blood at constant pressure and measured flow (coronary blood flow). Segment function (percent segment shortening) was measured with sonomicrometry, and regional coronary venous blood was sampled and assayed for TxB2 (by radioimmunoassay). We found that the C5a-induced decrease in coronary blood flow and percent segment shortening and the release of Tx were indistinguishable whether the left anterior descending coronary artery bed was perfused with normal arterial blood, with arterial blood obtained from animals depleted of platelets (cyclophosphamide, n = 6), or with arterial blood from aspirin-treated animals (n = 9) in which the platelets were unable to produce Tx. These data demonstrate that platelet-derived Tx does not contribute to the C5a-induced myocardial ischemia and Tx release in this model and that these cells do not play an integral role in this phenomenon.

INTERRELATION BETWEEN ADRENAL FUNCTION AND FORMATION OF TESTOSTERONE IN VIVO IN THE TESTIS OF THE DOG

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Wassermann ◽  
K. B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

ABSTRACT When testes of normal, anaesthetized dogs were infused with the animal's own adrenal venous blood (oxygenated) via the spermatic artery, the secretion of testosterone was higher than by testes infused with the animal's own peripheral, arterial blood. This augmentation in testosterone secretion is probably due to increased biosynthesis of testosterone since the tissue concentration of the hormone at the end of infusion was highest in testes infused with adrenal venous blood. The canine adrenal gland secretes large amounts of progesterone and androst-4-enedione. A minute secretion of free dehydroepiandrosterone can be measured in adrenal venous blood, but no evidence was obtained that the dog adrenal secretes testosterone. The adrenal venous blood of the dog appears to contain a precursor for dehydroepiandrosterone, since testes infused with adrenal venous blood secreted more dehydroepiandrosterone than testes infused with femoral arterial blood. The gonad of the male dog does not secrete progesterone, but secretes free dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-4-enedione and testosterone, the latter compound being the major hormonal product of this tissue. The data have been discussed with regard to a possible adrenal-testicular interaction in the male dog.

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