EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED AND CASTRATED NON-ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied in cortisone-treated and non-treated castrated non-adrenalectomized and castrated adrenalectomized rats. The cortisone was administered in daily doses of 3 mg or 9 mg for a period of 15 days. Combined castration and adrenalectomy resulted in a greater degree of atrophy of the ventral prostate than castration alone, thus indicating some maintenance effect of the adrenals on the ventral prostate. No differences in the other accessory reproductive organs were demonstrated when comparing non-treated castrated non-adrenalectomized with castrated adrenalectomized rats. Both doses of cortisone stimulated the growth of the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles, but the larger dose resulted in a greater degree of stimulation. Only the larger dose of cortisone gave histological changes in the ventral prostate indicative of a slight stimulating effect. Catabolic or anti-anabolic effects of cortisone as registered by a decrease in body weight and weight of the levator ani muscle did not inhibit the growth stimulating effect of cortisone on the accessory reproductive organs. Cortisone stimulated the growth of both the epithelium and the smooth muscle tissue of the glands. The effect on the different accessory reproductive organs after cortisone administration was contrary to previous studies, which demonstrated the stimulating effects of androgens in the rat, in that the ventral prostate was relatively unstimulated. Possible mechanisms for the stimulation of the growth of the accessory reproductive organs are discussed in the light of our present knowledge of cortisone metabolism and of the secretion in the cortisone-treated rats of hormones which have been found to modify the growth of the accessory reproductive organs.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED MALE RATS INJECTED WITH ACTH AND/OR INSULIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Lennart Angervall
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle was studied in castrated male rats after fifteen days of daily injections with ACTH or insulin alone, or in combination. ACTH was given in a dose of 8 IU daily. Insulin was administered in increasing daily doses, i. e. regular insulin up to 8 IU and protamine zinc insulin up to 10 IU. After ACTH treatment there were variable histological signs of stimulation of the dorsolateral prostate, while the other accessory reproductive organs showed no response. Regular insulin produced no quantitative or morphological changes in the accessory reproductive organs, and no morphological signs of increased secretion of the adrenal steroids. Administration of ACTH and regular insulin in combination stimulated the growth of all the accessory reproductive organs. Protamine zinc insulin produced prolonged hypoglycaemia and morphological signs of increase secretion of adrenal steroids, thus the adrenals became enlarged and the thymus atrophic. Protamine zinc insulin stimulated growth of all the accessory reproductive organs, a stimulation which was further accentuated after combination with ACTH. Possible mechanisms for the action of insulin on the male accessory reproductive organs are discussed. The varying response of the different parts of the prostate and the seminal vesicles emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous examination of these organs.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN FORCE-FED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH CORTISONE AND/OR INSULIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Lennart Angervall
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied in force-fed hypophysectomized castrated adrenalectomized rats following daily injections for fourteen days of protamine zinc insulin or cortisone acetate alone or in combination. Cortisone was given in daily doses of 3 mg and insulin was administered in increasing daily doses of protamine zinc insulin up to 8 IU. Cortisone alone induced slight histological stimulation of the epithelium of the coagulating glands, while no stimulation was demonstrated in the other accessory reproductive organs. After insulin alone the weight of the accessory reproductive organs was slightly increased but no stimulation was demonstrated histologically. Cortisone and insulin given in combination induced distinct signs of stimulation of all the accessory reproductive organs as assesed by histological examination and weight determination of the organs. The results indicate that in the rat the growth stimulating effect of cortisone on the male accessory reproductive organs is markedly decreased or abolished in the absence of the anterior pituitary. Insulin can act synergistically with cortisone in promoting the growth of the accessory reproductive organs through effects which are not dependent on the presence of the adrenal glands or the anterior pituitary.

INHIBITORY ACTION OF CORTISONE ON TESTOSTERONE-INDUCED GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Effect ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

ABSTRACT The weight and histology of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were studied in castrated non-adrenalectomized male rats after sixteen days of daily injections of testosterone propionate and in castrated adrenalectomized rats after daily injections of testosterone propionate alone or in combination with cortisone. Testosterone propionate was given in daily doses of 0.020 mg and cortisone in daily doses of 1 mg, 3 mg or 9 mg. Testosterone alone induced a less pronounced growth of the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles in castrated non-adrenalectomized than in castrated adrenalectomized rats, suggesting an inhibitory effect of adrenal steroids on the action of testosterone. Cortisone which has a weak androgenic effect when given alone, partially counteracted the testosterone induced growth of the accessory reproductive organs in castrated adrenalectomized rats.

ADRENAL EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE IN CASTRATED RATS INJECTED WITH OESTRADIOL

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Epithelial Growth ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated non-adrenalectomized and castrated adrenalectomized rats following injections for ten days of oestradiol benzoate. Oestradiol benzoate was given in daily doses of 0.001 mg or 0.010 mg, and to non-adrenalectomized rats also in daily doses of 0.100 mg. Oestradiol increased the weight of all the accessory reproductive organs in both the adrenalectomized and non-adrenalectomized rats. The weight increase of the dorsolateral prostate was most pronounced in the nonadrenalectomized rats. Oestradiol induced signs of secretory activity in epithelial cells of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate in the non-adrenalectomized but not in the adrenalectomized rats. The higher the dose of oestradiol the more marked was the stimulation of the epithelial growth in the ventral and dorsolateral prostate of the non-adrenalectomized rats. The growth and secretory activity observed in epithelial cells of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate of the oestradiol treated castrated non-adrenalectomized rats is assumed to be the result of the combined actions of oestradiol and adrenal steroids rather than merely the effect of an increased secretion of adrenal steroids induced by the oestradiol treatment.

RECOVERY OF GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
A. Folch Pi
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Gonadal Activity ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT Groups of five day old rats were injected with 120 or 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate. When examined at the age of fifty days, the animal presented atrophied testes and marked decreases in the weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle. Treatment with pregnant mare's serum or with testosterone propionate given from day 20 through day 50 fully restored the gonadal activity. The dose of PMS needed to restore spermatogenesis was 10 IU which was given every third day. Testosterone propionate, 1 mg, given daily was equally effective.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE, THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS INJECTED WITH OESTRADIOL AND/OR CORTISONE

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated adrenalectomized male rats following daily injections for sixteen days of oestradiol benzoate or cortisone acetate alone, or in combination. Oestradiol was given in daily doses of 0.001 mg or 0.010 mg. Cortisone was administered in daily doses of 1 mg or 3 mg. After oestradiol alone the histological examination revealed an increase in the amount of fibromuscular tissue especially in the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles but no signs of secretory activity in the epithelium. Cortisone alone induced a moderate stimulation of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs but no signs of secretory activity were observed in the ventral prostate. Oestradiol and cortisone given in combination induced pronounced proliferation of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs. After this treatment the epithelium of the ventral prostate also showed signs of secretory activity. The response of the epithelium in all the accessory reproductive organs was dependent on the size of the dose of both oestradiol and cortisone. Cortisone counteracted the fibromuscular overgrowth especially observed in the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles after oestradiol given alone. The individual smooth muscle cells, however, were better developed after the combined treatment. The effects of the combined treatment are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of the individual effects of oestradiol and cortisone on the accessory reproductive organs. The importance of including a histological examination in experiments on hormonal dependent growth of the accessory reproductive organs of male rats is emphasized.

scholarly journals Attachment of the levator ani muscle extends to the superior ramus of the pubic bone through electrophysiological and anatomical examinations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Yen Chin ◽  
Chih-Wei Peng ◽  
Ming-Ping Wu ◽  
Chih-Hwa Chen ◽  
Yu-Ting Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Pelvic Floor Muscle ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Pubic Bone ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMyofascial pelvic pain (MFPP) of pelvic floor muscles is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The pathological mechanisms and treatments of MFPP are complex and still unclear until now. The levator ani muscle (LAM) is the major pelvic floor muscle. The purpose of this study was to examine the fascia and attachment of LAM through the electromyogram (EMG) and cadaver dissection. Electrophysiological stimulation of the obturator fascia above the arcus tendinous levator ani (ATLA) could trigger contraction and electrophysiological changes in LAM insertion. The LAM of embalmed adult cadavers was examined especially in the area above the ATLA. Some skeletal muscle fibers were found above the ATLA within the obturator fascia and were confirmed by Masson’s trichrome section staining. Our electromyography (EMG) and anatomical data implied that the attachment of LAM aponeurosis extended beyond ATLA to the inferior border of the superior ramus of the pubic bone. The new discovered attachment of LAM could provide a reference position for clinical diagnosis and treatment of MFPP or CPP.

scholarly journals Steroidal Androgens and Nonsteroidal, Tissue-Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator, S-22, Regulate Androgen Receptor Function through Distinct Genomic and Nongenomic Signaling Pathways

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2448-2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Narayanan ◽  
Christopher C. Coss ◽  
Muralimohan Yepuru ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kearbey ◽  
Duane D. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Muscle Weight

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) ligands are important for the development and function of several tissues and organs. However, the poor oral bioavailability, pharmacokinetic properties, and receptor cross-reactivity of testosterone, coupled with side effects, place limits on its clinical use. Selective AR modulators (SARMs) elicit anabolic effects in muscle and bone, sparing reproductive organs like the prostate. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the tissue selectivity remain ambiguous. We performed a variety of in vitro studies to compare and define the molecular mechanisms of an aryl propionamide SARM, S-22, as compared with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Studies indicated that S-22 increased levator ani muscle weight but decreased the size of prostate in rats. Analysis of the upstream intracellular signaling events indicated that S-22 and DHT mediated their actions through distinct pathways. Modulation of these pathways altered the recruitment of AR and its cofactors to the PSA enhancer in a ligand-dependent fashion. In addition, S-22 induced Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation and rapid phosphorylation of several kinases, through pathways distinct from steroids. These studies reveal novel differences in the molecular mechanisms by which S-22, a nonsteroidal SARM, and DHT mediate their pharmacological effects.

ORAL ANABOLIC:ANDROGENIC EVALUATIONS OF FOUR ANABOLIC STEROIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Arnold ◽  
Gordon O. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Clinical Interest

ABSTRACT Four steroids of potential clinical interest were evaluated in rats for anabolic activity by means of nitrogen balance studies and myotrophically for their effect on the growth of the levator ani muscle. The increase in the weight of the ventral prostate was used as an index of their androgenicity. Under these conditions the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic dissociation ratios were: 17α-methyl-4-chloro-testosterone 0.65:0.12 = 5.4 and 0.32:0.12 = 2.7; 17α-methyl-androst-5-ene-3,17-diol 0.70:0.62 = 1.1 and 0.46:0.62 = 0.7; 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone 4.6:1.1 = 4.2 and 5.8:1.1 = 5.3; and 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate 0.06:0.15 = 0.004 and 0.72:0.15 = 4.8, respectively. While the nitrogen retention:androgenic and myotrophic:androgenic ratios, in general, are of the same order, it should be noted that there was a marked discrepancy between the nitrogen retention:androgenic and the myotrophic:androgenic ratios for 1-methyl-androst-1-enolone acetate.

STUDIES ON EOSINOPHIL GRANULOCYTES.

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Baker ◽  
F. Bergman ◽  
B. Josefsson ◽  
K. G. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
Anterior Prostate ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Castrated, adult male rats were given a long-acting androgen in doses that caused a rapid growth of the anterior prostate lobes, the seminal vesicles, and the levator ani muscle. There was no decrease in the number of mast cells, and no increase in the number of eosinophils.

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