EFFECTS OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON CORPORA LUTEA IN RATS BEARING PITUITARY AUTOGRAFTS

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stolzenberg ◽  
Robert G. Eggert ◽  
Wayne H. Linkenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

ABSTRACT Female rats received pituitary autotransplants beneath the kidney capsule at 11 to 12 weeks of age or were hypophysectomized only at the metoestrous stage of the cycle. Subcutaneous injections of oestradiol benzoate (OB) were started 30 to 40 days following surgery in the first 3 experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, Series 1 injections consisted of 50, 50 and 25 μg of OB given subcutaneously on days 0, 3 and 5. Series 2 injections were the same as Series 1 but given on days 16, 19 and 21. Pituitary grafts were removed from half of the rats on day 15 in Experiment 1. Ovarian weights were obtained on day 28. In Experiment 3, the dose of OB was raised to 100 μg per injection giving a total of 300 μg for each series. In Experiment 4, hypophysectomized rats without pituitary autotransplants were given Series 1 and 2 OB injections at the level of 125 μg per series. In Experiment 5, subcutaneous injections of OB were started 5 to 7 days following pituitary autotransplant. Rats were injected daily with 50 μg for 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 days, with autopsies following 4 or 5 days after the last injection. In Experiment 6, 50 μg was injected daily in hypophysectomized rats without pituitary transplants for 5 and 20 days. The immediate effect of OB injections into rats bearing pituitary autografts was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in ovarian weight. Long term treatment (> 40 days) caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in ovarian weight. Short term treatment followed by a 23 or 35 day period of no treatment gave an even greater decrease in ovarian weight (P < 0.01). Hypophysectomized rats showed no effect on ovarian weights with similar OB treatments, indicating the importance of the pituitary gland in this response. Removal of the autotransplanted pituitary gland 10 days after the first series was completed, had no apparent effect on regression of the corpora lutea. There was no effect on adrenal weight in any of the experiments. It is suggested that oestrogens initiate a process which ultimately results in luteal regression in rats bearing pituitary autografts.

THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN ON THE FUNCTION OF PITUITARY AUTOGRAFTS IN RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stolzenberg ◽  
Lloyd C. Faulkner ◽  
William Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Adrenal Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Secretory Pattern ◽  
Thyroid Histology

ABSTRACT Mature cycling female rats received pituitary autografts beneath the kidney capsule or were hypophysectomized only. Intraperitoneal injections of vasopressin at the level of 3 or 4 IU twice daily into rats with autografts caused an increase in adrenal weights after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of treatment. There was an increase in the width of the combined zona fasciculata and reticularis observed after 70 days (P < 0.01). These results were accompanied by a decrease in ovarian weight after 45 (P < 0.01) and 70 (P < 0.01) days of vasopressin treatment. The decrease in ovarian weight was due to histologic regression of corpora lutea. Similar injections of vasopressin into hypophysectomized rats for 45 days were without effect on the ovaries or adrenals. Intraperitoneal injections of 3 or 4 IU oxytocin twice daily for 45 days in rats bearing pituitary autografts had no effect on adrenal weight or histology and caused a non-significant decrease in ovarian weight but had no effect on ovarian histology. However, after 70 days of treatment with oxytocin, there was an increase in adrenal weight (P < 0.01) which could not be attributed to an effect on the zona fasciculata-reticularis. There was a decrease in ovarian weight (P < 0.01), similarly attributable to a regression of the corpora lutea. None of the treatments affected uterine weight or histology or thyroid histology in either rats with pituitary autografts or in animals that were simply hypophysectomized. None of the treatments had any obvious effect on the cytologic appearance of the pituitary graft. It is suggested that effective treatments modified the secretory pattern of pituitary grafts.

Ovarian response to gonadotrophins after pretreatment with diethylstilbestrol

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Smith ◽  
J. T. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Follicular Stimulation ◽  
Prior Administration ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypophysectomized or intact immature female rats were given follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMS), human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), or luteinizing hormone (LH) for 3 days, with or without prior administration of diethylstilbestrol for 2 days. Priming with estrogen augmented the ovarian weight response produced by FSH or PMS in both hypophysectomized and intact animals. In contrast, estrogen pretreatment enhanced ovarian growth in intact rats given HCG or LH, but not in hypophysectomized animals similarly treated. Longer periods of priming also failed to augment the ovarian response to HCG in hypophysectomized rats. The ovaries of intact rats given diethylstilbestrol and FSH contained many corpora lutea, whereas luteinization was never noted in hypophysectomized animals similarly treated. Ovarian weight augmentation in the latter was due to enhanced follicular growth throughout the ovary. Estrogen and HCG produced cystic, luteinized follicles in intact rats, in contrast to the lack of such follicular stimulation in hypophysectomized animals. It is concluded that estrogen increases the ovarian response to gonadotrophins by 1) directly stimulating granulosal proliferation, and 2) effecting the release of endogenous gonadotrophins from the pituitary gland.

Observations on the effects of prolactin on LH-receptors and steroidogenesis in corpus luteum and testis of the hypophysectomized rat

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. C. van Straalen ◽  
G. H. Zeilmaker
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

Abstract. In this study the effects of hypophysectomy and autotransplantation of the pituitary gland on the concentration of hCG-binding sites (LH-receptors) and steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum and the testis of the rat were investigated. It was found that during pseudopregnancy both hCG-binding to homogenates of isolated corpora lutea and the progesterone levels in blood increase until day 7 and subsequently decrease until day 13. Hypophysectomy on day 5 led to a decrease of the number of LH-receptors and the serum progesterone level. By contrast hypophysectomy followed by autotransplantation of the pituitary gland increased the LH-receptor concentration and progesterone synthesis in spite of non-detectable LH-levels. Progesterone implants in hypophysectomized rats did not influence the number of LH-receptors. Hypophysectomy on day 0 without pituitary gland transplantation did not prevent the formation of some luteal LH-receptors measured on day 5 although progesterone was not secreted. A similar effect of prolactin secreted by pituitary autografts on LH-receptors was seen in the testis. The rapid decline of the number of binding sites normally observed after hypophysectomy was prevented by the presence of two pituitary autografts. Testosterone and LH-levels were non-detectable in the operated male rats. These data show that progesterone secretion by the corpora lutea is always associated with the presence of LH-receptors, regardless whether serum LH-levels are detectable or not. Moreover it appears that prolactin maintains or even increases the amount of LH-receptors in hypophysectomized male and female rats.

EFFECT OF SMALL DOSES OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON PITUITARY PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF I. C. S. H. IN GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gans ◽  
G. P. van Rees
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT The influence on the I. C. S. H.-content of the pituitary gland and the blood serum of long-term treatment of gonadectomized male and female rats with several low doses of oestradiol benzoate was investigated. It was found that only in females treatment with 0.1 and 0.2 μg of oestradiol benzoate daily results in an increase of the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content, whereas in the serum content a (non-significant) decrease was observed. In male rats the pituitary I. C. S. H.-content was not influenced by treatment with these doses, but the serum content decreased. Higher doses of oestradiol (0.5 and 2.0 μg daily) caused, both in males and in females, a decrease of the I. C. S. H.-content in the hypophysis as well as in the serum. It is assumed that oestrogen, if chronically administered, exerts two different actions on pituitary I. C. S. H.: it depresses the production of I. C. S. H. and inhibits the release. In females, these two effects have different threshold levels, that for the release being the lower one. In males the threshold for the inhibition of production has to be lower.

Anticancer Effects & Comparative Study of Thymoquinone, Cordyceps, Spirulina, Ganoderma Lucidium, Poria Cocos, and Lion’s Mane on Human Nasal Cancer Cells (RPMI-2650)

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-78
Author(s):  
سعيد مزعل موازي ◽  
يحيى فائق حسين ◽  
عبد المنعم دولاني ◽  
سيف يوسف عبدالله السويدي
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Poria Cocos ◽  
Nasal Cancer ◽  
Antineoplastic Effect ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Recently, many studies have been conducted to discover or improve cancers treatment. The current study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane in four different concentrations 4, 8, 16, and 32 ug (equivalent to 1 mg/mL) in two different time treatments (48 and 96 hours) on human nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650. By using cell culture cytotoxicity techniques and assay, the highest anticancer effect on RPMI 2650 was obtained by thymoquinone. The lowest anticancer effect was demonstrated by poria cocos and cordyceps. However, these two medications showed higher anticancer effect when given in short-term treatment (48 hours) compared to long-term treatment (96 hours). Ganoderma lucidium and spirulina showed better impact than poria cocos, cordyceps, and lion’s mane in term of cells cytotoxicity. Mild to moderate antineoplastic effect was seen by utilizing lion’s mane treatment compared other drugs. Therefore, adopting a long-term treatment of high concentrations and doses of thymoquinone, cordyceps, spirulina, ganoderma lucidium, poria cocos, and lion’s mane can be more effective in the treatment of nasal cancer. In conclusion, these drugs were found to be a promising cancer remedy; therefore, they can be utilized as alternative treatment for nasal cancer or any other type of cancer therapy.

scholarly journals The plant secondary compound swainsonine reshapes gut microbiota in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shien Ren ◽  
Chao Fan ◽  
Liangzhi Zhang ◽  
Xianjiang Tang ◽  
Haibo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Ochotona Curzoniae ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

Abstract Plants produce various plant secondary compounds (PSCs) to deter the foraging of herbivorous mammals. However, little is known about whether PSCs can reshape gut microbiota and promote gut homeostasis of hosts. Using 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the effects of PSCs on the gut microbiota of small herbivorous mammals, we studied plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) fed diets containing swainsonine (SW) extracted from Oxytropis ochrocephala. Our results showed that both long- and short-term treatment of a single artificial diet in the laboratory significantly reduced alpha diversity and significantly affected beta diversity, core bacteria abundance, and bacterial functions in pikas. After SW was added to the artificial diet, the alpha diversity significantly increased in the long-term treatment, and core bacteria (e.g., Akkermansiaceae) with altered relative abundances in the two treatments showed no significant difference compared with pikas in the wild. The complexity of the co-occurrence network structure was reduced in the artificial diet, but it increased after SW was added in both treatments. Further, the abundances of bacteria related to altered alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in the artificial diet were restored in response to SW. SW further decreased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in both treatments. Our results suggest that PSCs play a key role in regulating gut microbiota community and intestinal homeostasis, thereby maintaining host health. Key points • Swainsonine improves the intestinal bacterial diversity of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the recovery of core bacterial abundances in the gut of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the restoration of intestinal bacterial functions of plateau pikas.

Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of Trichotillomania: An 8-Week, Open-Label Study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Christenson ◽  
Scott J. Crow ◽  
James E. Mitchell ◽  
Thomas B. Mackenzie ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Open Label Study ◽  
Label Study ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractThis short-term, open-label study investigates short- and long-term effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine for the treatment of trichotillomania (TTM). Additionally, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of hair pulling compulsiveness is predictive of SSRI response. Nineteen subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition Revised, (DSM-III-R) criteria for TTM were treated with fluvoxamine at doses up to 300 mg/day. Random regression analysis of change across time for patients who completed the study (n=14) and those who dropped out (n=5) revealed statistically significant improvements in Physician Rating Scale, hair-pulling episodes, Trichotillomania Impairment Scale, and Trichotillomania Symptom Severity Scale, but not in estimated amount of hair pulled. In addition, the percentage of patients' focused or compulsive hair-pulling symptoms was predictive of treatment response. Unfortunately, all three subjects who entered long-term treatment displayed substantial movement back toward baseline by the end of 6 months. We concluded that fluvoxamine produces moderate reductions in symptoms during the short-term treatment of TTM and that the presence of focused or compulsive hair pulling may be predictive of treatment response. However, responses may be short lived when treatment is extended.

Abstract P053: Enhanced Exercise Capacity By Muscadine Grape Extract Treatment Is Only Evident In Older Hypertensive Female Rats And Is Independent Of Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nildris Cruz Diaz ◽  
A'ja V Duncan ◽  
Wayne Graham ◽  
Brian Westwood ◽  
Patricia E. Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Grape Extract ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Physical performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aging in normotensive female Sprague-Dawley (SD) and hypertensive (mRen2)27 transgenic rats were assessed following long-term treatment with a Muscadine Grape Extract (MGE, Piedmont Research and Development Corp). MGE was administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/mL in the drinking water starting at 14 weeks (wks) of age with an endpoint at 70 wks of age (total time of treatment of 56 wks). At 20-, 40- and 70-wks of age, physical performance (exercise capacity in seconds and workload in grams - meters) was determined using a treadmill at a velocity of 17 cm/second with a 5% incline. SBP was determined by tail-cuff plethysmography in trained rats. There were no significant differences in physical performance between SD and (mRen2)27 female rats at any age despite the higher SBP in the (mRen2)27 rats at all ages. Long-term treatment with MGE had no significant effect on physical performance or SBP in SD rats at any age. In contrast, MGE treatment markedly increased exercise capacity (40 wks: 1615 ± 166 vs 4943 ± 442 seconds, p<0.01, n = 4-9; 70 wks: 2520 ± 374 vs 4117 ± 245 seconds, p<0.01, n = 4-8) and workload (40 wks: 4579 ± 490 vs 14730 ± 1353 grams - meters, p<0.01, n = 4-9; 70 wks: 8338 ± 1340 vs 13659 ± 933 grams - meters, p<0.01, n = 4-8) at the later ages in female (mRen2)27 rats, while there was no effect on SBP (20 wks: 167 ± 4 vs 173 ± 4 mm Hg, n = 4-6; 40 wks: 177 ± 8 vs 170 ± 7 mm Hg, n = 6-7; 70 wks:154 ± 6 vs 172 ± 6 mm Hg, n = 5) at any age. These data suggest that MGE treatment is effective in improving physical performance only in hypertensive female rats and may be independent of changes in blood pressure. The benefit of MGE in the older hypertensive female may reflect reductions in vascular stiffness and oxidative stress. Support: Chronic Disease Research Fund, Hypertension & Vascular Research Center

scholarly journals Mitochondrial and Oxidative Impacts of Short and Long-term Administration of HAART on HIV Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Joy E. Ikekpeazu ◽  
Oliver C. Orji ◽  
Ikenna K. Uchendu ◽  
Lawrence U.S. Ezeanyika
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
One Year

Background and Objective: There may be a possible link between the use of HAART and oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV patients. We evaluated the mitochondrial and oxidative impacts of short and long-term administration of HAART on HIV patients attending the Enugu State University Teaching (ESUT) Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria following short and long-term therapy. Methods: 96 patients categorized into four groups of 24 individuals were recruited for the study. Group 1 comprised of age-matched, apparently healthy, sero-negative individuals (the No HIV group); group 2 consisted of HIV sero-positive individuals who had not started any form of treatment (the Treatment naïve group). Individuals in group 3 were known HIV patients on HAART for less than one year (Short-term treatment group), while group 4 comprised of HIV patients on HAART for more than one year (Long-term treatment group). All patients were aged between 18 to 60 years and attended the HIV clinic at the time of the study. Determination of total antioxidant status (TAS in nmol/l), malondialdehyde (MDA in mmol/l), CD4+ count in cells/μl, and genomic studies were all done using standard operative procedures. Results: We found that the long-term treatment group had significantly raised the levels of MDA, as well as significantly diminished TAS compared to the Short-term treatment and No HIV groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was significantly elevated variation in the copy number of mitochondrial genes (mtDNA: D-loop, ATPase 8, TRNALEU uur) in the long-term treatment group. Interpretation and Conclusion: Long-term treatment with HAART increases oxidative stress and causes mitochondrial alterations in HIV patients.

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