THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY. VIII.

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Axelrod ◽  
Joseph W. Goldzieher
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT Tissue from one normal (cycle day 10) and 5 polycystic ovaries was incubated with radioactive pregnenolone, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione or oestrone, and the metabolites isolated in radiochemically pure form. The patterns of pregnenolone metabolites with polycystic tissue differed from one another and from that of normal ovarian mince. Conversion of the substrate was generally much greater with the former, and in one instance the cortical portion was much more active than the medulla. 3β-ol dehydrogenase activity was markedly decreased in one case. 19-Oxygenation was seen infrequently and no aromatization was observed. On the other hand, 16-hydroxylation and 20-reduction were occasionally very prominent. Incubation of normal tissue with C19 precursors yielded oestrogen whereas polycystic tissue did not. The pathways androstenedione→testosterone→oestradiol and testosterone→16-hydroxy-testosterone→oestriol are suggested by the metabolites of the normal tissue. Under the experimental conditions, the reduction of oestrone to oestradiol was much more prominent than the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone by the polycystic tissue.

Temporality and Truth

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Continuous Variation ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Positive Light

This paper examines the intersecting of the themes of temporality and truth in Deleuze's philosophy. For the ancients, truth was something eternal: what was true was true in all times and in all places. Temporality (coming to be and passing away) was the realm of the mutable, not the eternal. In the seventeenth century, change began to be seen in a positive light (progress, evolution, and so on), but this change was seen to be possible only because of the immutable laws of nature that govern change. It was not until philosophers such as Bergson, James, Whitehead – and then Deleuze – that time began to be taken seriously on its own account. On the one hand, in Deleuze, time, freed from its subordination to movement, now becomes autonomous: it is the pure form of change (continuous variation) that lies at the basis of Deleuze's metaphysics in Difference and Repetition (and is explored more thematically in The Time-Image). As a result, on the other hand, the false, freed from its subordination to the form of the true, assumes a power of its own (the power of the false), which in turn implies a new ‘analytic of the concept’ that Deleuze develops in What Is Philosophy?

In Vitro Binding of Zearalenone to Different Adsorbents

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
LILIANA DI MARCO ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER ◽  
ALICIA BARDÓN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Dose Levels

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species. No treatment has been successfully employed to get rid of the ZEA contained in foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability (adsorptive power) of five adsorbents—activated carbon, bentonite, talc, sandstone, and calcium sulfate—to trap ZEA in vitro. Activated carbon was the best adsorbent, binding 100% ZEA (pH 3 and 7.3) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% dose levels. Bentonite, talc, and calcium sulfate were less efficient than activated carbon but still could bind ZEA to some extent. On the other hand, sandstone was inactive in the experimental conditions employed. Our results indicate that activated carbon could be a good candidate for detoxification of ZEA present in foods.

CORTICOID PRODUCTION IN VITRO AS A TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (I) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Vies
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Adrenal function in rats under various experimental conditions was studied by incubating the adrenals in vitro and determining the corticosteroid output during one hour. This in vitro corticoid production was reduced after hypophysectomy, hypothalamus-lesioning and treatment with hydrocortisone or with Nembutal and morphine. On the other hand, an increased production was observed following stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal system by exogenous histamine or corticotrophin. From these experiments it is concluded that the corticoid production in vitro reflects the activity of the adrenal cortex in vivo and hence can be used for the study of the latter function.

scholarly journals THE ELIMINATION OF IRON AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE LIVER AND SPLEEN IN EXPERIMENTAL ANEMIA. II

1918 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Dubin ◽  
Richard M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Character ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Trypanosoma Equiperdum

In the continuous blood destruction, essentially a chronic experimental anemia, caused by injecting the dog with Trypanosoma equiperdum, no increased elimination of iron is observed in the feces. The storage of iron in the liver and spleen under these experimental conditions is somewhat greater in amount, but of the same general character as in transient experimental anemia. Splenectomy before or after infection, i.e. the development of anemia, influences neither the elimination of iron in the feces nor its storage in the liver. The retardation of the course of the trypanosome infection and thus the production of a more chronic anemia by treatment with a trypanocide, arsenobenzol, likewise does not affect iron storage. These experiments have therefore failed to reproduce the changes in iron metabolism seen in certain of the chronic hemolytic anemias of man. In the presence of a bile duct-ureter fistula the iroh content of the mixture of urine and bile is not appreciably greater than that of the urine alone. In the dog, therefore, the elimination of iron in the the bile would not appear to be an important factor. On the other hand, when bile is excluded from the intestine an unusual storage of iron occurs in the spleen. For this no explanation is offered.

Investigations Into Motion Characteristics of a Multi-Column Type FOWT in Waves and Winds

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiko Murai ◽  
Miki Takei ◽  
Hotsuma Saeki ◽  
Yasunori Nihei ◽  
Kazuhiro Iijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Results ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Column Type ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Floating Type

Many researches about various type of FOWT have been already carried out by many researchers including the authors of this paper. As a result, we know that each type has own advantages and own disadvantages. On the other hand, in general, because the floating type is different for each project, it has not compared its performance among those projects in the same condition. Therefore, the authors have examined the performance of the various types of FOWT under the same experimental conditions. In this paper, the performance of the FOWT focusing on Semi-submersible type of multi-column type in particular is reported. First, we examined as design requirements the shape of a column with footing, the distance between the columns and the number and the arrangement of the multi-column. Within it, we investigated the combination of the variables for good performance in waves and winds. We manufactured a 1/100 experiment model which is based on the design requirements and carried out the experiment in waves and winds. Then we discuss the effectiveness of the model using the experimental results and the numerical results.

Kinetic comparison of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human placenta, chorion laeve, and ovary

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gibb ◽  
J. C. Lavoie ◽  
M. Morin-Gonthier
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Chorion Laeve ◽  
Human Ovaries ◽  
Nanomolar Range

Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that Km values for steroid substrates of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human placenta were in the nanomolar range compared with micromolar values previously described. The purpose of the present study was to measure the kinetic parameters of the 3β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in other human tissues, namely the ovary and chorion laeve, and to determine whether they were similar to those of the placental enzyme. In chorion laeve microsomes the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase had Km values for dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone similar to those found in placenta. Microsomes from human ovaries, on the other hand, had Km values for both substrates 10- to 20-fold higher. However, the ability of various steroids to inhibit the ovarian enzyme was similar to that previously described from the placenta and the chorion laeve.

THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX TO PSYCHIC STRESS AFTER MEPROBAMATE TREATMENT

1959 ◽  
Vol XXXII (I) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mäkelä ◽  
E. Näätänen ◽  
U. K. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT A study has been made of the effect of acute as well as chronic meprobamate treatment on the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion caused by psychic stress, and of the effect of meprobamate treatment on the adrenal cortex. The results obtained in this work indicate that meprobamate is able under acute experimental conditions to inhibit the ascorbic acid depletion caused by psychic stress although in the meprobamate plus psychic stress group the adrenal ascorbic acid quantity was highly significantly less than in the controls. During chronic treatment, again, adaptation occurs, causing the blocking effect of meprobamate to cease after 11 to 14 days' treatment. It was found, on the other hand, that meprobamate treatment alone stimulates the adrenal cortex in intact as well as unilaterally adrenalectomized animals. The possible mechanisms of action are discussed.

scholarly journals Testosterone selectively increases primary follicles in ovarian cortex grafted onto embryonic chick membranes: relevance to polycystic ovaries

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Qureshi ◽  
S S Nussey ◽  
G Bano ◽  
P Musonda ◽  
S A Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Follicle Growth ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Ovarian Cortex

Histological studies have demonstrated that polycystic ovaries (PCO) contain increased numbers of preantral follicles with a specific increase in primary follicles. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with hyperandrogenism and pre- and postnatal androgenisation of primates increases the pool of growing follicles producing changes resembling PCO. In vitro studies could test the hypothesis that androgens alter early folliculogenesis, but conventional culture techniques for small follicles are generally unsuitable in non-rodent species. Our objective was to develop and use a method to investigate the effects of testosterone on early folliculogenesis. We adapted an in ovo technique in which lamb cortical ovarian fragments were grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilised chick eggs. Optimal experimental conditions for vascularisation and survival of tissue were determined and the model then used to investigate the effects of testosterone on follicle growth. Eggs were inoculated with testosterone at the time of implantation of the ovarian tissue, which was retrieved 5 days later. Tissue was sectioned and follicles staged and counted. There was no wholesale initiation of primordial follicle growth over the 5-day in ovo culture. Importantly, the proportion of primordial, primary and secondary follicles remained similar to those in unimplanted tissue. Testosterone increased the number of primary follicles by 50% compared with controls, an effect that was largely due to a reduction in atresia. In conclusion, incubation of ovarian cortex with testosterone reproduces the changes in early folliculogenesis reported in histological studies of PCO.

scholarly journals The relationship between lifestyle and the frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in Saudi female residing in Riyadh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Gehan Ibrahim ◽  
Dima AlNowaiser ◽  
Howaida AlAbbasi ◽  
Joud Abuhaimed ◽  
Maha AlBukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Medical City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Polycystic Ovary Disorder (PCOS) is perceived as the most widely recognized endocrinopathy in reproductive women. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the lifestyle and frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on females at princess Nourah University (PNU), King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and malls in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. The study included females in the reproductive age including 401 controls and 122 PCOS cases.Results: History of pregnancy related disorders was higher among the PCOS women in comparison to controls, while abortion represented the highest percentage in both cases and controls. Family history of polycystic ovary syndrome was doubled in cases than controls. There was significant increase in the percentage of hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia in polycystic ovary syndrome patients (P <0.001). Snoring, use of oral contraceptives, high prolactin level, incidence of menorrhagia and urinary tract infection were significantly higher in cases than controls (P <0.001). In addition, there was no difference between controls and polycystic ovary syndrome cases regarding their dietary intake. On the other hand, physical activity was significantly higher in controls compared to polycystic ovary syndrome group.Conclusions: This study supports previous studies that revealed a relation between polycystic ovary syndrome and endocrinological disorders such as hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and obesity. On the other hand, there is no relation between dietary intake and PCOS, however exercising regularly can decrease the possibility of having the disease.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced in Rheumatoid Arthritis Conditioned Animals are Inhibited Through Selenium Nanoparticles Supplementation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Xiong Zhao ◽  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Ren Shi-Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract Growing experimental evidence shows that the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) plays vital contribution in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Selenium (Se) and Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) known to modulate RA-induced pathogenesis through antioxidant gene modulation. In the present study we have inferred that SeNPs supplementation effectively controls NETs formation, which in turn could curtail RA-induced inflammatory response.Neutrophils obtained from different experimental conditions were used to evaluate the in vitro NETs formation and inhibition of through SeNPs supplementation. Increased oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and increased inflammatory cytokines were observed in neutrophils of RA, whereas SeNPs treatment attenuate it. Neutrophils obtained from control and SeNPs supplemented groups do not have statistically significant Se level between the groups, on the other hand reduced the oxidative stress. Neutrophils of RA forms more spontaneous NETs in vitro culture than that of control and SeNPs treated neutrophils. Neutrophils obtained from RA rats are more inclined for external NETs inducing agent such as lipopolysaccharides and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, when compared with SeNPs treated and control neutrophils. On the other hand in vitro pre-treatment of neutrophils with SeNPs before exposing to NETs inducing substances, indicate the anti-NETs forming property of SeNPs. This effect could be mediated through reduction in major inflammatory mediators namely TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-6. This findings confirms that SeNPs could act as effective NETs formation blocking agent. Our present and previous observation conclude that SeNPs, could serve as an effective anti-arthritic agent warranting human study. Furthermore, this study also throws light on the new information such as SeNPs which could be used as therapeutics agent, where NETs is major pathogenic factor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document