SEX DIFFERENCES OF THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE RAT TO MESENCEPHALIC LESIONS

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Reissenweber ◽  
R. Domínguez ◽  
E. Griñó ◽  
J. Sás ◽  
W. L. Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray Matter ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Preceding Case ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions

ABSTRACT The pituitary-adrenal system of adult rats of both sexes bearing small bilateral electrolytic lesions in the periaqueductal gray matter of the mesencephalon (PGM) was studied. Female animals showed a significant increase in the weight of the adrenal gland and in the number of mitoses; there was a marked diminution of histochemically detectable alkaline phosphatases and variations in simple esterases, neutral fats and cholesterol. Conversely, male animals with similar nervous lesions did not show adrenal hypertrophy or changes in its mitotic count and only slight variations in the lipid content. The administration of small doses of oestradiol dipropionate (2 μg/rat/d) to male induced slight changes in only some of the parameters studied. When oestrogen was given to animals bearing lesions in the PGM, a significantly larger adrenal hypertrophy was obtained than in the preceding case, but with an increase of capillary alkaline phosphatases. These results suggest that the central neural control of corticotrophin secretion in the rat is different in both sexes and that oestrogen could be one of the factors involved in such a difference.

11β Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in the Adrenal Gland by Testosterone Withdrawal of Adult Rats

Folia Medica ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvetta Koeva ◽  
Mariana Bakalska ◽  
Elisaveta Petrova ◽  
Nina Atanassova
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Adult Rats

OVARIAN SENSITIVITY TO OVULATORY STIMULI IN THE ANDROGEN-INDUCED PERSISTENT-OESTROUS RATS

1971 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Anant P. Labhsetwar
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Postnatal Treatment ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT The ovarian response of adult rats made persistent-oestrus by the postnatal treatment with testosterone propionate was examined by determining the number of ova shed in response to small doses of LH and/or FSH, and placental gonadotrophins (PMSG or HCG). A dose of LH (10 μg/rat) estimated to be equivalent to twice the minimal amount secreted for ovulation in normal rats failed to release a normal complement of ova. The same dose of FSH induced ovulation in 40% of rats with an ova count of 5.7 ± 1.8/rat. Both placental gonadotrophins induced ovulation, although the ova yield was significantly below the normal oestrous control. It is inferred from these findings that the ovarian sensitivity of androgen-sterilized rats is far below that of the normal animals despite the presence of numerous follicles in the ovaries of the persistent-oestrous rats.

Direct effect of hypothalamic neuropeptides on the release of catecholamines by adrenal medulla in sheep – study ex vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wrońska ◽  
B.F. Kania ◽  
M. Błachuta
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Noradrenaline Release ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Adrenaline Release ◽  
Hormone Control

Abstract Stress causes the activation of both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and sympatho-adrenal system, thus leading to the release from the adrenal medulla of catecholamines: adrenaline and, to a lesser degree, noradrenaline. It has been established that in addition to catecholamines, the adrenomedullary cells produce a variety of neuropeptides, including corticoliberine (CRH), vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OXY) and proopiomelanocortine (POMC) – a precursor of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The aim of this study was to investigate adrenal medulla activity in vitro depending, on a dose of CRH, AVP and OXY on adrenaline and noradrenaline release. Pieces of sheep adrenal medulla tissue (about 50 mg) were put on 24-well plates and were incubated in 1 mL of Eagle medium without hormone (control) or supplemented only once with CRH, AVP and OXY in three doses (10−7, 10−8 and 10−9 M) in a volume of 10 μL. The results showed that CRH stimulates adrenaline and noradrenaline release from the adrenal medulla tissue. The stimulating influence of AVP on adrenaline release was visible after the application of the two lower doses of this neuropeptide; however, AVP reduced noradrenaline release from the adrenal medulla tissue. A strong, inhibitory OXY effect on catecholamine release was observed, regardless of the dose of this hormone. Our results indicate the important role of OXY in the inhibition of adrenal gland activity and thus a better adaptation to stress on the adrenal gland level.

The VMH-dietary obese rat: a new model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (3) ◽  
pp. R921-R928
Author(s):  
K. V. Axen ◽  
X. Li ◽  
K. Fung ◽  
A. Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Insulin Dependent

A model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has been developed in adult rats by combining bilateral electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) and high fat-high sucrose diets. VMH-dietary obese rats showed fasting hyperinsulinemia (> or = 540 pM) and hypertriglyceridemia (> or = 180 mg/dl) generally within 3 wk on the protocol. Fasting hyperglycemia (> or = 10 mM) was observed in the majority of animals in seven consecutive experiments. Hyperglycemic animals showed impaired glucose tolerance despite high prevailing insulin levels. Pancreatic islets isolated from VMH-dietary obese rats showed a loss of insulin secretory response to glucose by week 5, before the onset of hyperglycemia. Islets from hyperglycemic rats no longer responded to an increase in glucose concentration and failed to suppress insulin release normally in response to 15 nM norepinephrine or to a decrease in glucose concentration. This model mimics the major characteristics of obesity-associated human NIDDM as well as several stages of its progression, rendering it useful for studying the etiology of the metabolic and secretory defects in the syndrome.

Effect of Median Eminence Lesions and Hormonal Replacement on the Prolactin Receptors in the Adrenal Gland and Langerhans Islets from Ovariectomized Adult Rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel A. Lüthy ◽  
Marta Tesone ◽  
Ricardo M. Oliveira-filho ◽  
Gustavo M. Somoza ◽  
Eduardo H. Charreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Prolactin Receptors ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hormonal Replacement ◽  
Langerhans Islets ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

INFLUENCE OF THE ADRENAL GLAND ON PROSTATIC ACTIVITY IN ADULT RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. MOBBS ◽  
I. E. JOHNSON ◽  
J. G. CONNOLLY
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Intact Control ◽  
Accessory Sex Glands ◽  
Target Organs

SUMMARY The weight of the accessory sex glands, and the citrate and nucleic acid content of the ventral prostate (VP) glands, were examined in animals which had been adrenalectomized 30 days previously and in intact control rats. Adrenalectomy greatly reduced the citrate content, but did not affect the nucleic acid content of the VP. It was concluded that the adrenals stimulated prostatic function rather than growth. The concentration of radioactivity in the accessory sex glands of adrenalectomized and/or castrated animals after the injection of [3H]testosterone was compared with that in sham-operated controls. Radioactivity was related to the DNA content of the VP of the four groups. It was concluded that adrenalectomy facilitated the uptake and/or retention of androgen. [3H]Corticosterone was not retained by any of the accessory sex glands of animals adrenalectomized and castrated 2 days previously. It seems unlikely that the glands should be considered 'target organs' for corticosterone in the accepted sense of the term, but it is suggested that corticosteroids may help to maintain the balance between differentiation and growth in the VP by influencing the metabolism of androgens by the prostate gland.

Periodic maternal deprivation and lesion of anterodorsal thalami nuclei induce alteration on hypophyso adrenal system activity in adult rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 803-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta M. Suárez ◽  
Marı́a A. Rivarola ◽  
Sandra M. Molina ◽  
Norma I. Perassi ◽  
Gloria M. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Adrenal System
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