THE FAILURE OF THE PINEAL GLAND REMOVAL IN NEONATAL ANIMALS TO INFLUENCE REPRODUCTION

1967 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
G. Benagiano
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT One and five day old male and female rats were pinealectomized and their reproductive function studied when they matured. In females the fertility index was similar to untreated or sham operated groups. However, the females matured 8 to 9 days earlier as evidenced by the opening of the vaginal membrane. In males pinealectomy had no influence on testes development and accessory sex tissue weights. It is concluded that the regulatory function of the pineal gland with respect to gonadal function is a minor one.

Differential effects of gonadal function on bone histomorphometry in male and female rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell T. Turner ◽  
Kathleen S. Hannon ◽  
Laurence M. Demers ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Norman H. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Pineal monoamine metabolism partially depend on gonadal function in both male and female rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Alonso R. ◽  
Hernández G. ◽  
Moujir F. ◽  
Santana C. ◽  
Abreu P.
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Monoamine Metabolism ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Periodic, short-term heat exposure and reproductive function in male and female rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin A. Knecht ◽  
Gary L. Wright ◽  
Mark A. Toraason
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fetal Survival ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Incidence

Reproductive function of male and female rats was examined in relation to periodic, short-term heat treatment. Daily exposure to an environmental temperature of 38.2 °C for 55 min elevated rectal temperatures to 39.9 and 41.2 °C in male and female rats, respectively. Heat exposure tended to decrease copulation in males cohabitated with unhealed females. The rate of conception was affected similarly, and fetal survival tended to be reduced by paternal heat treatment. Estrous cycles were disrupted initially in heat-exposed females, but the rate of copulation and conception of females cohabitated with unheated males was unaltered by heat treatment. However, maternal heat exposure impaired prenatal survival and growth. During lactation, a high incidence of maternal and pup deaths was observed at approximately 14 days postpartum. Maternal deaths were coincident with a decrease in thermoregulatory ability and rectal temperatures exceeding 42 °C.

Effects of Neonatally-Administered DDT Homologs on Reproductive Function in Male and Female Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Gellert ◽  
W.L. Heinrichs ◽  
R. Swerdloff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characteristics of Neurons in Perinuclear Zone of Supraoptic Nucleus

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 2427-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Armstrong ◽  
Javier E. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Axonal Projection ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spiny Neurons ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
A Minor

Armstrong, William E. and Javier E. Stern. Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of neurons in perinuclear zone of supraoptic nucleus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2427–2437, 1997. Neurons in the perinuclear zone (PZ) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) are thought to serve as interneurons and may mediate changes in neurohypophysial hormone release in response to physiological changes in blood pressure. However, the morphology and electrophysiological characteristics of PZ neurons are unknown. In the present study, PZ neurons from male and female rats were recorded intracellularly to determine some membrane properties, then filled with biocytin or biotinamide for morphological analysis. In general, PZ neurons had faster spikes than magnocellular SON neurons, and the great majority were characterized by a subthreshold depolarizing hump when depolarized from a hyperpolarized (less than −80 mV) membrane potential. In most neurons, this hump was similar to low-threshold spikes described in other CNS regions. Near-threshold, fast action potentials were clustered near the onset of these depolarizations. Conspicuously absent in all PZ neurons was the strong transient and subthreshold outward rectification characteristic of vasopressin and oxytocin neurons of the SON. These results suggest that PZ neurons are electrophysiologically distinct from neurosecretory neurons of the SON. No differences were found between male and female rats in any of the basic properties examined, including input resistance, membrane time constant, spike height, spike width, spike threshold, and the size of the spike afterhyperpolarization. Morphologically, PZ neurons were diverse but were divided into spiny and aspiny groups. Three spiny neurons and one aspiny neuron contributed an axonal projection to the SON characterized by varicosities suggestive of terminals. In the case of the three spiny neurons, the SON projection was clearly a minor collateral projection. The axon arborized in the PZ, but one or more branches were cut at the edge of the explant, indicating a longer projection. In the remaining neurons, no axonal projection to the SON was detected and several had axons leaving the explant. Some portion of the dendritic tree penetrated the SON in several neurons. The morphology of PZ neurons was thus heterogeneous and suggests that, for some cells at least, the projection to the SON may be a minor collateral component of a much wider axonal projection.

Disruption of the reproductive system and reproductive performance by administration of nonyiphenol to newborn rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nagao ◽  
Y Saito ◽  
K Usumi ◽  
M Nakagomi ◽  
S Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sperm Motion

A number of alkylphenolic compounds are used in a variety of commercial products and have been shown in in vitro studies to be weakly estrogenic, but few in vivo data are available addressing this issue in mammals. Human ex-posure to alkylphenols may occur not only from these environmental contaminants but also through contact with manufactured and metabolic breakdown products. The reproductive function of rats treated subcutaneously with nonylphenol (NP, 500 mg/kg/day) or 17Q3-estradiol (E2, 2 mg/kg/day) as a positive control, from postnatal days 1 to 5 was examined after puberty. In addition, masculine sexual behavior, sperm motion, plasma testosterone concentration and histopathological changes in the reproductive organs of the rats were examined. Furthermore, male rats were subjected to an open field test and wheel cage test to evaluate locomotor activity, and the estrous cycle was examined in female rats. All male and female rats exposed neonatally to NP or E2 showed macroscopic and/or microscopic altera-tions of the gonads. Females treated with NP or E2 showed an altered estrous cycle and abnormal reproductive function, while males treated with NP or E2 showed normal reproduc-tion. In males exposed neonatally to NP or E2, no abnorm-alities were observed in locomotor activity, sperm motion or plasma testosterone concentration. The results of this study indicate that early neonatal exposure to NP causes dysfunc-tion of postpubertal reproductive function in female rats, as well as disrupted development of gonads in male and female rats. More detailed studies are warranted to assess the possible risks to human and wildlife reproduction from exposure to NP and other environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity.

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