A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF METHANDROSTENOLONE ON GROWTH AND ON ACCUMULATION OF 32P-PHOSPHATES IN EMBRYONIC CHICK BONE CULTIVATED IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Prévôt ◽  
C. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Free Media ◽  
Distinct Increase

ABSTRACT Mineralisation and growth of embryonic bones in cell-free media were studied by cultivation in rapidly rotating roller-tubes. It was found that methandrostenolone (MA)*, when added to the medium, led to significant increases in bone-mineralisation, as measured by the uptake of 32P-phosphates, and to increased growth-rates in tibiae of chick-embryos. Tibiae explants of 9 to 13 days old chick-embryos were used. A distinct increase in growth over a period of 48 hours was observed in all age groups, whereas an increased uptake of 32P-phosphates occurred only in 10 or 11 days old tibiae. Maximal increase in growth-rate was obtained with a MA-concentration of 0.078 μmol and maximal increase in uptake of phosphates with a MA-concentration of 0.052 μmol per ml of medium. Higher concentrations of MA showed a smaller effect on growth and mineralisation. It is assumed that MA influences growth and mineralisation by different mechanisms. The method of cultivation used showed remarkably small standard deviations in all measurements, so that even small differences in MA-effect could be observed. It therefore seems that this method is also well suited for studies of other problems of bone development.

scholarly journals Loss of potassium from embryonic chick hearts in potassium-free media with and without calcium

1938 ◽  
Vol 124 (837) ◽  
pp. 446-450
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Watch Glass ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Experimental Solution ◽  
Free Media ◽  
And Control ◽  
Day By Day

Experiments already described (Murray 1938) led to the inference that the cells of the chick embryonic heart lose potassium in potassium-free media. The experiments here described provide direct evidence of this. The hearts were dissected out of 2 ½-3 day chick embryos and placed in the solution PC (Table I) until they had started to beat. They were then thoroughly washed, and were allowed to lie for 5 min. (2 min. in Exp. 1) in the last wash. This last wash is called control A. The solutions used for washing were from the same flasks as the experimental solution. After their passage through control A the hearts were transferred to 2 c.c. of the experimental solution in a Jena watch-glass. After various times in this the hearts were discarded and both the experimental solution and control A were collected. If the experiment extended over more than 1 day the experimental solution and control A were used over again day by day until all the hearts in the experiment had passed through them. The use of control A was necessary for two reasons: ( a ) to show that potassium was not still being washed out of the intercellular spaces at the end of washing ( b ) in experiments lasting over several days the washing solution was fresh each day, but the experimental solution was of course not changed. Hence any small amount of potassium being carried over from the last wash would accumulate in the experimental solution because of the daily increment and might seriously affect the result; but by leaving the hearts for several minutes in the last wash (control A) and by not changing it for fresh on successive days, any such increase would be detected in that solution. In addition to control A, a daily sample (control B) was taken from the same flasks as the solutions used for washing. Details of the solutions are given in Table I ; a phosphate buffer was always used.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC CHICK SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS DIFFERENTIATED IN VITRO

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimada ◽  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
A. A. Moscona
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Developing Muscle

Dissociated myoblasts from 12-day chick embryos were cultured in monolayer, and the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells was studied by electron microscopy. The results have revealed a striking ultrastructural similarity between the in vivo and the in vitro developing muscle, particularly with respect to the myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study demonstrates that all the characteristic organelles of mature skeletal muscle can develop in vitro in the absence of nerves.

Effect of electric fields on growth rate of embryonic chick tibiae in vitro

Nature ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 254 (5498) ◽  
pp. 331-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH WATSON ◽  
WILLIAM G. DE HAAS ◽  
SONIA S. HAUSER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Embryonic Chick

scholarly journals SECRETION OF α-AMYLASE BY THE EMBRYONIC CHICK PANCREAS IN VITRO

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Kulka ◽  
U. Yalovsky
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Cholinergic Drugs ◽  
Developmental Age

Pancreases taken from chick embryos secrete amylase in vitro when stimulated by cholinergic drugs. Rates of secretion increase with developmental age. The pancreas isolated together with the duodenal loop from the 8 day embryo is already capable of secretion in vitro. It is therefore concluded that the pancreas acquires the ability to secrete digestive enzymes more than 10 days before the beginning of the prominent biochemical and morphological changes associated with the maturation of the gland.

scholarly journals Hydroxysafflor yellow A promotes osteogenesis and bone development via epigenetically regulating β-catenin and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Wang Min ◽  
Tingling Zhuo ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Lin Weiping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Sd Rats

Abstract In clinical treatment, there is increasingly prevalent that traditional Chinese medicine treats common bone diseases including osteoporosis. Hydroxy safflor yellow A (HSYA), one of the essential compounds of Safflower, has strong effects to scavenge oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis. It has been used as the therapy for thrombus, myocardial ischemia, and inflammation, but its effect on osteoporosis has not been explored. In this study, we found HSYA could enhance the cell viability and promote osteogenesis of hBMSC in vitro. Mechanistically, HSYA could increase the expression of β-catenin leading to its accumulation in the nucleus and activation of down-stream targets to promote osteogenesis. In addition, RNAseq and quantitative RT-PCR showed KDM7A was significantly increased by HSYA.The occupancy of H3K27me2 on β-catenin promoter was significantly decreased by HSYA, which could be reversed by silencing endogenous KDM7A. More importantly, HSYA could promote bone development in chick embryos and prevent ovariectomy(OVX)-induced bone loss in SD rats. Taken together, our study has shown convincing evidence that HSYA can promote osteogenesis and bone development via epigenetically regulating β-catenin and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. HSYA might be used to treat some skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.

Effects of thyroid hormones on cartilage sulphation in sex-linked dwarf chickens

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hoshino ◽  
M. Wakita ◽  
Y. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Kakegawa ◽  
M. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Dwarf Chicken

Abstract. The present investigation was undertaken to see if exogenous thyroid hormone could stimulate cartilage sulphation in vivo and in vitro in sex-linked dwarf chickens. L-thyroxine or L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine injection for 7 consecutive days stimulated in vivo 35SO2−4 incorporation into trachea cartilages of the dwarf chicken. Both thyroid hormones added to the incubation medium with or without 2.5% dwarf chicken serum also stimulated in vitro 35SO2−4 incorporation into pelvic rudiment from 11-day chick embryos. These data demonstrate that thyroid hormones, like insulin-like growth factor I, might be responsible for the reduced growth rate of dwarf chickens.

Dexamethasone Effect on Embryonic Chick Respiratory Epithelium

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
M.R. Richter ◽  
R.V. Blystone
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Synthetic Analogs ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Avian Lung

Dexamethasone and other synthetic analogs of corticosteroids have been employed clinically as enhancers of lung development. The mechanism(s) by which this steroid induction of later lung maturation operates is not clear. This study reports the effect on lung epithelia of dexamethasone administered at different intervals during development. White Leghorn chick embryos were used so as to remove possible maternal and placental influences on the exogenously applied steroid. Avian lung architecture does vary from mammals; however, respiratory surfactant produced by the lung epithelia serves an equally critical role in avian lung physiology.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE EXISTENCE OF REGULATORY MECHANISMS AT THE ADRENAL LEVEL

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-757
Author(s):  
Otto Linèt
Keyword(s):  
Orotic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Free Media

ABSTRACT Rat adrenal glands atrophied by the administration of cortisol acetate in vivo were used as a model for the study of early metabolic processes occurring in vitro. Atrophied adrenals incubated in the presence of 14C-leucine incorporated subnormal quantities of this amino acid per mg of protein for the first 120 min. When the incubation lasted for a total period of 180 or 240 min a supranormal rise in the 14C-leucine incorporation was observed. Similar changes occurred with some delay with regard to corticosterone production as expressed per 100 mg of tissue. No differences in 14C-leucine incorporation were observed between the control and atrophied adrenals in vivo. Homogenates from atrophied glands incorporated 14C-leucine to a greater extent than the control homogenates. The in vitro incorporation of 14C-orotic acid into the RNA was also higher in atrophied adrenals. The in vitro use of actinomycin D, cycloheximide and amphenone indicated that corticosterone production depended on the incorporation of 14C-leucine. The addition of cortisol to the incubation media markedly decreased the enhancement of 14C-lysine incorporation into the protein of atrophied adrenals. These, as well as additional results suggest rebound phenomena: once atrophic adrenals are transferred to cortisol-free media, reparative processes begin after a delay period. Such phenomena seem to be mediated by regulatory mechanisms at the adrenal level.

Effect of ornidazole on fertility of male rats: inhibition of a glycolysis-related motility pattern and zona binding required for fertilization in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Bone ◽  
NG Jones ◽  
G Kamp ◽  
CH Yeung ◽  
TG Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fertilization In Vitro ◽  
Swimming Pattern ◽  
Principal Piece ◽  
Free Media

The effects of the male antifertility agent ornidazole on glycolysis as a prerequisite for fertilization were investigated in rats. Antifertility doses of ornidazole inhibited glycolysis within mature spermatozoa as determined from the lack of glucose utilization, reduced acidosis under anaerobic conditions and reduced glycolytic enzyme activity. As a consequence, cauda epididymidal spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed rats were unable to fertilize rat oocytes in vitro, with or without cumulus cells, which was not due to transfer of an inhibitor in epididymal fluid with the spermatozoa. Under IVF conditions, binding to the zona pellucida was reduced in spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males and the spermatozoa did not undergo a change in swimming pattern, which was observed in controls. The block to fertilization could be explained by the disruption of glycolysis-dependent events, since reduced binding to the zona pellucida and a lack of kinematic changes were demonstrated by control spermatozoa in glucose-free media in the presence of respiratory substrates. The importance of glycolysis for binding to, and penetration of, the zona pellucida, and hyperactivation in rats is discussed in relation to the glycolytic production of ATP in the principal piece in which local deprivation of energy may explain the reduced force of spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males.

BMP2 Is Required for Postnatal Maintenance of Osteochondral Tissues of the Temporomandibular Joint

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352098015
Author(s):  
Mara H. O’Brien ◽  
Eliane H. Dutra ◽  
Shivam Mehta ◽  
Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Sumit Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Matrix Synthesis ◽  
Cartilage Growth ◽  
Chondrocyte Proliferation ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) plays important roles in cartilage growth and development. Paradoxically, elevated levels of BMP2 leads to hypertrophic differentiation and osteoarthritis of cartilage. We examined the in vivo loss of BMP2 in cells expressing aggrecan of the mandibular condyle and knee. Design Three-week-old BMP2 flox/flox- CreER-positive mice and their Cre-negative littermates were treated with tamoxifen and raised until 3 or 6 months. We also investigated the direct effects of BMP2 on chondrocytes in vitro. Cells from the mandibular condyle of mice were treated with recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) or rhNoggin (inhibitor of BMP2 signaling). Results Conditional deletion of BMP2 caused breakage of the cartilage integrity in the mandibular condyle of mice from both age groups, accompanied by a decrease in cartilage thickness, matrix synthesis, mineralization, chondrocyte proliferation, and increased expression of degeneration markers, while the effects at articular cartilage were not significant. In vitro results revealed that rhBMP2 increased chondrocyte proliferation, mineralization, and differentiation, while noggin induced opposite effects. Conclusions In conclusion, BMP2 is essential for postnatal maintenance of the osteochondral tissues of the mandibular condyle.

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