EFFECT OF LARGE DOSES OF RADIOIODINE ON THYROID FUNCTION

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jovanović ◽  
Dj. Djurdjević ◽  
J. Sinadinović
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Thyroid Glands

ABSTRACT The effect was studied of large doses of radioiodine on the relative amounts of various organic iodine compounds present in the thyroid glands of rats. At 24 hours there was no effect of radiation from 131I on the relative amounts of diiodotyrosine, monoiodotyrosine, and thyroxine plus triiodothyronine found in the gland. After 48 hours and 5 days, during which time there is known to be considerable destruction of epithelial cells, there was an inhibition of thyroxine synthesis but not of the iodination of tyrosine. There is evidence that even at some days after irradiation at the levels used some follicles are preserved and able to synthesize hormones.

THYROID FUNCTION IN MOLYBDENOTIC RABBITS

1973 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. R. WIDJAJAKUSUMA ◽  
P. K. BASRUR ◽  
G. A. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Distribution Space ◽  
Endocrine Activity ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Histological Appearance

SUMMARY The endocrine activity of the thyroid glands of rabbits fed a diet containing 0·3% molybdate ion for 25 and 31 days was evaluated. Means (± s.e.m.) were plasma thyroxine (T4) concn (μg/100 ml): 15 molybdate-fed rabbits, 2·31 ± 0·34; 19 control rabbits, 4·40 ± 0·34. T4 distribution space (ml/100 g body wt): molybdate-fed rabbits, 21·5±2·1; controls, 21·4 ± 0·9. T4 secretion rate (μg/24 h/100 g): molybdate-fed rabbits, 0·320 ± 0·073; controls, 0·601 ± 0·046. Histometric measurements made on photographs of gland sections showed that the follicular epithelial cells formed 12·8% of the total area in molybdate-fed rabbits and 25·8% in controls. The histological appearance of the sections was one of increased colloidal storage and of epithelial inactivity in the molybdate-fed rabbits. Comparisons with glands from a food-restricted group of rabbits supported the view of thyroidal hypofunction in molybdenosis in rabbits, with reduced food intake as the major causal factor. Some additional degeneration of the thyroid gland was attributed directly to the molybdate ion.

Iodine and Halocarbon Response of Laminaria digitata to Oxidative Stress and Links to Atmospheric New Particle Production

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Palmer ◽  
Thorsten L. Anders ◽  
Lucy J. Carpenter ◽  
Frithjof C. Küpper ◽  
Gordon B. McFiggans
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Particle Production ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Laminaria Digitata ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Iodine Release

Environmental Context.Various organic iodine compounds (including CH3I, CH2ClI, CH2BrI, CH2I2) are present throughout the marine boundary layer as a result of their production from seaweeds, phytoplankton, and photolysis reactions occurring in seawater. In air, these compounds rapidly photolyse to give atomic I which subsequently reacts with ozone to form iodine oxide, potentially leading to perturbations of the tropospheric oxidative capacity and nucleation of atmospheric particles. Recent research has identified molecular iodine as an additional source of iodine atoms to coastal areas. Here we study the relative roles and controls of gaseous organic and molecular iodine release from the seaweed Laminaria digitata. Abstract.Changes in the halocarbon, I2 and particle production of the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata as a response to different chemical stresses have been investigated. Oxidative stress (caused by either exogenous hydrogen peroxide, gaseous ozone or a solution of oligoguluronates, known elicitors of oxidative stress) caused increased halocarbon and I2 production by the seaweed. The maximum I2 release was observed under exposure to O3 (at several hundred parts per billion by volume (ppbv)), whereas oligoguluronates elicited the highest release of iodine-containing halocarbons including CH2I2. Significantly greater production of I2, compared to CH2I2, was observed at atmospheric levels of ozone. Particle production was observed only when the Laminaria samples were exposed to ozone (up to 16 000 cm−3 s−1 per gram fresh weight (FW) of seaweed with a ~2 min residence time and with a total I atom flux of 1.6 × 108 cm−3 s−1 g−1 FW from photolysis of I2); passing O3-free air over the unstressed seaweed followed by secondary mixing with ozone did not result in any measurable particle formation. Our limited data indicate that ozone elicits abiotic production of I2 from Laminaria and that there is a direct relationship between the amount of I2 released and the number of particles formed. The results support the recent hypothesis that molecular iodine rather than volatile organic iodine (e.g. CH2I2) release from exposed seaweeds is the major source of coastal new particle production.

The synthesis of organic iodine compounds in wheat roots

1959 ◽  
Vol 46 (20) ◽  
pp. 584-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Böszörményi ◽  
Edith Cseh ◽  
L. Gáspár
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Iodine Compounds

scholarly journals ENGLISH VERSION: AGE FEATURES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131I) ABSORPTION BY RAT THYROID GLANDS IN CORRECTION OF THE DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH ORGANIC IODINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O.I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The structure of endocrine morbidity is characterized by a significant spread of thyroid pathology. The insufficient efficacy of inorganic iodine drugs poses the problem of search for new means for iodine deficiency treatment and prevention. Given the progressive aging of the population in economically developed countries, the purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of organic iodine on the features of absorption and elimination of radioactive iodine from the thyroid glands of variously aged rats in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The study was performed on nonlinear white male rats in two series of studies that were kept on iodine-deficient isocaloric starch-casein diet for 60 days: the first series included two groups of old rats weighing 0.400-0.450 kg, the second series – two groups of sexually immature rats weighing 0.060-0.090 kg. There were 5 rats in each group. In animals of the experimental groups in each series, 10% of casein in the diet was replaced with organic iodine, which came with iodine-protein preparation from the red Black Sea algae Phyllophora nervosa. The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied using the Sodium Iodide Na 131 I Injection drug. The dosimetry was performed using the STS-6 Geiger-Muller Detector. Radioindication of the thyroid gland was carried out after subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of 131I solution at the following time intervals: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of 131I. The study results were presented as a percentage of the radioiodine dose administered, adjusted for natural radioactivity background and the radioactive decay of the drug. It was found that in the iodine deficiency conditions, the thyroid glands of old rats have higher rates of radioiodine absorption and a lower rate of its excretion than the glands of immature rats, which indicates their lower iodine reserve and greater liability to iodine deficiency pathology. Intake of organic iodine regardless of the rats’ age is accompanied by a decrease in radioiodine accumulation and acceleration of its excretion from the thyroid gland, which indicates a decrease in functional stress, but the glands of older rats absorb more iodine and excrete it more slowly, indicating less effective correction of iodine deficiency with age. Reduced functional activity of the thyroid glands in old rats can be used as a sensitive changes marker for the in-depth study of thyrotropic and thyroid disrupting effects.

scholarly journals Low Dose Ketoconazole Therapy and Thyroid Functions in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çaksen ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Selim Kurtoğlu ◽  
Figen Öztürk ◽  
Yüksel Okumuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Glands

To determine whether low dose ketoconazole (KTZ) has antithyroid action, we studied thyroid function tests in the 13 rats treated with KTZ (20 mg/kg twice daily) for thirty days. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were decreased (P <0.05) and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were mildly increased (P >0.05) at the end of treatment. Histopathological analysis of the thyroid glands demonstrated an increase in cylindrical cells in study group, but the epithelial cells were mainly cubical in control group. These findings showed that low dose KTZ had antithyroid effect in rats. The responsible mechanisms may be direct effect of the drug on thyroid gland.

PERINATAL THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner H. Florsheim ◽  
Marjorie A. Faircloth ◽  
Nancy L. Corcorran ◽  
Paul Rudko
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Developing Rat

ABSTRACT Thyroid function in the developing rat was measured during late gestation and the first 3 weeks of life. Radioiodine uptake showed a marked peak immediately after birth. Thyroidal hormone stores dropped to stable levels by the 4th day of life and an increase in hepatic α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity suggested increased hormone secretion about the time of birth. Monoiodotyrosine in the thyroid glands declined sharply just before birth but recovered its prenatal level by the 3rd day of life. The data may indicate a discharge of pituitary TSH at birth followed by a period of pituitary hormone repletion. Hypothalamic influences upon the thyroid - pituitary axis appear to be of little importance in perinatal life.

scholarly journals Iodine speciation and size distribution in ambient aerosols at a coastal new particle formation hotspot in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 4025-4039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yu ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
Xiangpeng Huang ◽  
Mingjie Xie ◽  
Jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Formation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Aerosol Sample ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
New Particle Formation ◽  
Nucleation Mode ◽  
Iodine Species ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Iodine Compounds ◽  
Iodine Speciation

Abstract. Intense new particle formation (NPF) events were observed in the coastal atmosphere during algae growth and farming season at Xiangshan gulf of the east China coast. High nucleation-mode iodine concentrations measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) confirmed that the NPF events were induced by iodine species. Our study provides important information on iodine speciation, size distributions, and its role in NPF in the context of heavy air pollution in China's coastal areas. For the first time, we identified 5 inorganic iodine species, 45 organic iodine compounds (35 molecular formulas), and a group of iodide–organic adducts in aerosols. The concentrations and size distributions of iodine species down to 10 nm were measured during the iodine-induced NPF, continental NPF, and non-NPF days at the coastal site and compared to those at an inland site. The iodine in the above four aerosol sample types were characterized by iodate, aromatic iodine compounds, iodoacetic acid or iodopropenoic acid, and iodide–organic adducts, respectively. Iodide and organic iodine compounds were found in the nucleation-mode particles; however, it is still not clear whether they contributed to nucleation or just new particle growth. Wild algae, as well as farmed algae, could be an important NPF source in China's coastal areas.

Development in calves and heifers after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. E497
Author(s):  
L L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Estrous Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Growth was inhibited markedly in prepuberal bull and heifer calves after either hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy as compared with that found in sham-operated calves or in unoperated calves. Male mounting behavior and evidence of puberal estrous behavior were lost or undetected after hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy. Testes regressed, contained few spermatogonia and interstitial cells, and lacked spermatogenesis. Epithelial cells of seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and prostate were cuboidal, indicating inadequate testicular androgen. Atresia of numerous ovarian follicles and reduced ovarian weight occurred in hypophysectomized heifer calves. Graafian follicles regressed after hypophysial stalk transection of sexually mature heifers, but ovaries responded to pregnant mare serum and human chorionic gonadotropin by follicular development, ovulation, and formation of multiple corpora lutea. Thyroid and adrenal gland weights decreased and adrenal cortices atrophied after hypophysectomy, but not after stalk transection. Thyroid glands contained colloid-filled follicles with flattened epithelial cells; atrophy was more extensive after hypophysectomy. Hypophysial stalk transection or hypophysectomy severely depresses growth and arrests sexual development in young calves, but in mature animals exongenous gonadotropins can sustain gonadal function.

scholarly journals Erratum

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-582
Keyword(s):  
Distilled Water ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
Iodine Compounds

Abstract The article "Determination of Organic Iodine Compounds in Serum: IV. A New Nonincineration Technic for Serum Thyroxine" by Vincent J. Pileggi and Gerald Kessler—Clin. Chem. 14, 339 (1968)—contains an error. On page 340, under Reagents, the preparation of the bromate-bromide reagent should read: Bromate-bromide reagent (0.1 M KBrO3, 0.6 M KBr) KBrO3, 1.67 gm., and KBr, 7.14 gui., are dissolved in distilled water, and the solution made to a final volume of 100 ml.

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