THE EFFECTS OF CORTISOL ON THE INCORPORATION OF GLYCINE CARBON INTO THE NUCLEIC ACIDS OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT TISSUES

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
W. de Loecker
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Rna And Dna ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Hepatoma Tissue

ABSTRACT Normal and hepatoma bearing rats were treated with cortisol in order to study the effect of adrenal steroids on nucleic acid metabolism of different tissues. Normal liver, precancerous liver, hepatoma nodules and skeletal muscle were used in these experiments. The incorporation of 14C from glycine-2-14C into RNA and DNA fractions of different tissues was examined. The incorporation of glycine carbon into RNA of normal and precancerous liver was found to be stimulated by cortisol treatment. The RNA fraction of hepatoma tissue of non treated animals showed a higher incorporation level than that observed in liver, but incorporation was drastically inhibited by cortisol. The DNA fraction of hepatoma tissue showed a higher incorporation than the DNA fraction from the other tissues examined, and followed the same incorporation pattern as RNA. The incorporation of 14C into the nucleic acids of skeletal muscle was not affected by cortisol treatment.

scholarly journals Nucleic acid metabolism in the ruminant

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Mcallan ◽  
R. H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid Solution ◽  
Rna And Dna

1. Procedures, based on those of Schmidt & Thannhauser (1945) and Schneider (1945), for the extraction and estimation of nucleic acids in bovine digesta were examined in detail.2. Final methods which were suitable for routine determination of RNA and DNA were essentially as follows. Digesta samples were extracted in the cold, first with a solution of trichloroacetic acid in ethanol, then with aqueous trichloroacetic acid solution and finally with lipid solvents. The dried residue was hydrolysed with alkali, purified by passage through a Dowex resin, and the RNA, in the form of mononucleotides, determined by U.V. absorption. DNA was determined separately in hot perchloric acid extracts of the original dried residue by colorimetric estimation of the deoxyribose content.

Picloram Sensitivity and Nucleic Acids in Plants

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhotra ◽  
J. B. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Rna And Dna

The changes in the nucleic acid metabolism were studied in plants susceptible and resistant to 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). The total RNA and DNA content of the tissue correlated inversely with the herbicide resistance; the resistant plants were low in nucleic acids, whereas sensitive plants were high. The increase in the nucleic acids of the sensitive species 24 hr after picloram treatment appeared to be associated with lower levels of ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease. The inability of the resistant species to make more RNA may be associated with high levels of nucleases in the tissue.

Zinc and Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disease ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Zinc Metalloenzymes ◽  
Rna And Dna

Mammalian zinc metalloenzymes include alkaline phosphatase. Zinc plays a crucial role in nucleic acid metabolism. RNA and DNA polymerases and thymidine kinase are zinc-dependent enzymes. Zinc deficiency in North America is most clearly seen in the disease acrodermatitis enteropathica. This is an autosomal recessive disease due to a zinc metabolic error—not well defined—which leads to zinc deficiency. Clinical manifestations include a rash around orifices, alopecia, and diarrhea. The laboratory can demonstrate hypozincemia and hypozincuria. Clinical and biochemical remission occurs with oral zinc administration.(R.H.R.)

THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN ON THE NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM OF THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. IMRIE ◽  
T. R. RAMAIAH ◽  
F. ANTONI ◽  
W. C. HUTCHISON
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna

SUMMARY Treatment of female rats with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) increased the RNA content of the adrenal glands progressively during a period of 3 days, the DNA content increased only after prolonged administration. By contrast, ACTH caused a decrease in the uptake of [32P]orthophosphate into the total RNA of the gland and into most of the RNA fractions of the subcellular components. A method of analysis for RNA and DNA based on the Schmidt-Thannhauser procedure has been evolved which eliminates extraction of nucleic acid by lipid solvents.

scholarly journals Helicase Mechanisms During Homologous Recombination inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brooks Crickard ◽  
Eric C. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Repair Pathway ◽  
Unidirectional Movement ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complexes

Helicases are enzymes that move, manage, and manipulate nucleic acids. They can be subdivided into six super families and are required for all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. In general, all helicases function by converting the chemical energy stored in the bond between the gamma and beta phosphates of adenosine triphosphate into mechanical work, which results in the unidirectional movement of the helicase protein along one strand of a nucleic acid. The results of this translocation activity can range from separation of strands within duplex nucleic acids to the physical remodeling or removal of nucleoprotein complexes. In this review, we focus on describing key helicases from the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contribute to the regulation of homologous recombination, which is an essential DNA repair pathway for fixing damaged chromosomes.

THE EFFECT OF CORTISOL ADMINISTRATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF URIDINE AND DEOXYURIDINE PHOSPHORYLASES OF NORMAL AND REGENERATING RAT LIVER

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther W. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Regenerating Liver ◽  
Uridine Phosphorylase

The phosphorolysis of uridine and deoxyuridine by homogenates of normal and regenerating liver of rats was assayed by a modification of the method of Canellakis (J. Biol. Chem. 227, 701 (1957)). By this assay the Kmvalues for uridine and deoxyuridine were 1.035 × 10−3 M and 2.95 × 10−4 M, respectively. The activities at an arsenate concentration of 0.114 M were 87 to 95% of the activities at an equivalent phosphate concentration.Forty-eight hours after partial hepatectomy the activity of uridine phosphorylase of regenerating liver was 1.1 times that of normal liver, and the activity of deoxyuridine phosphorylase of regenerating liver was 0.75 times that of normal liver. After a single injection of 9 mg of cortisol sodium succinate ester per 100 g of body weight there was a 1.8-fold increase in the activity of uridine phosphorylase but no significant increase in the activity of deoxyuridine phosphorylase of regenerating liver. After a single injection of 9 mg of cortisol per 100 g of body weight into normal rats there was a 1.6-fold increase in the activity of uridine phosphorylase and a 1.4-fold increase in the activity of deoxyuridine phosphorylase of normal liver. Thus, the phosphorolysis of uridine and deoxyuridine increases at different rates in liver after partial hepatectomy, or after cortisol, and this finding lends support to the view of others that the activities are due to two enzymes. The effect of cortisol, whether direct or indirect, in increasing the activities of the two enzymes in normal or regenerating liver would aid in the regulation of concentrations of intermediates of nucleic acid metabolism.

Superfamily I helicases as modular components of DNA-processing machines

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Dillingham
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Dna Helicases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Partner Proteins

Helicases are a ubiquitous and abundant group of motor proteins that couple NTP binding and hydrolysis to processive unwinding of nucleic acids. By targeting this activity to a wide range of specific substrates, and by coupling it with other catalytic functionality, helicases fulfil diverse roles in virtually all aspects of nucleic acid metabolism. The present review takes a look back at our efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of UvrD-like DNA helicases. Using these well-studied enzymes as examples, we also discuss how helicases are programmed by interactions with partner proteins to participate in specific cellular functions.

scholarly journals GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF POLIOVIRUS IN HELA CELLS: NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Maassab ◽  
Philip C. Loh ◽  
W. Wilbur Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cytoplasmic Component ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Infectious Cycle ◽  
Rna And Dna

The RNA and DNA contents of the nucleus and cytoplasm of the HeLa cell were determined. The rates of incorporation of P32 into the various nucleic acid fractions were established for the ordinary HeLa cell maintained under a set of standard conditions. The changes in the rates of incorporation of P32 and in the amounts of RNA and DNA which occurred subsequent to infection with poliovirus were followed throughout the infectious cycle. These changes were correlated with the intracellular appearance of the newly formed virus. A net synthesis of RNA occurred in the cytoplasmic component of the cell. The increase was detectable 2 hours before the first appearance of demonstrable virus and reached a maximum (2.5 times normal) at 6 hours. Viral increase was not maximal before the 7th hour after infection.

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