BESTIMMUNG DER INSULINAKTIVITÄT IM SERUM UNBEHANDELTER JUGENDLICHER DIABETIKER NACH GLUKOSEBELASTUNG

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daweke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Juvenile Diabetics ◽  
Blood Sugar Concentration

ABSTRACT As a continuation of earlier experiments we have determined the insulinlike activity (ILA) in the serum of newly-found, untreated juvenile diabetics before and after oral loading with glucose. This has been done by the method of glucose-1-14C oxydation to 14CO2 on the rat epididymal adipose tissue. Each value was calculated from the mean values of 6 individual results. In some of these diabetics, the glucose uptake of the rat diaphragm was also investigated at the same time. The fasting values of the »total« ILA of the untreated juvenile diabetics were found to be 150% higher than in normal subjects and this was confirmed statistically. In contrast to normal subjects glucose loading did not lead to an increase but, after 60 and 120 minutes, to a continual significant decrease of the ILA to 60 and 53% of the starting value, while the blood sugar was markedly increased. As in normal subjects the fasting values of the «free« ILA as determined on the rat diaphragm were low and amounted only to about one tenth of the »total« ILA. 60 minutes after glucose loading, however, the »free« ILA increased to 57 % above the starting value and this was confirmed statistically. Thus in newly-found, untreated juvenile diabetics a large quantity of insulin is found in the blood and this insulin is obviously present in a biologically inactive form. A small part can be released by an extreme increase in the blood sugar concentration. An insulin reserve is no longer detectable.

BESTIMMUNG DER INSULINAKTIVITÄT IM MENSCHLICHEM SERUM NACH GLUKOSEBELASTUNG ALS PRÜFUNG DER FUNKTIONSFÄHIGKEIT DES PANKREAS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Daweke
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Pancreatic Insufficiency ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oral Hypoglycaemic Drugs ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Using the method of glucose-1-14C oxydation to 14CO2 on the rat epididymal adipose tissue, the insulin-like activities (ILA) in the serum have been compared before and after oral loading with glucose in normal subjects, in maturity-onset diabetics and in insulin-requiring diabetics. In maturity-onset diabetics mean fasting values were found to be 30% below normal while in insulin-requiring diabetics they were 85% above normal. In normal subjects there was observed, 30 minutes after glucose loading, a moderate increase in blood sugar together with an increase of ILA of 222% above the starting value; in maturity-onset diabetics the increase in ILA was only 106% while the blood sugar was markedly increased. After glucose loading in maturity-onset diabetics, the total amount of insulin detected during the period of the experiment was, on the average, only 45% of that found in normal subjects. In insulin requiring diabetics there was no increase but, on the contrary, a steady decrease of the ILA values, while the blood sugar excessively increased. In general ILA values were higher than those in maturity-onset diabetics. No difference in response was found between maturity-onset diabetics treated with diet alone and those treated with diet and oral hypoglycaemic drugs. In contrast to the absolute ILA values, the index of insulin reserve, is of value in assessing the functional capacity of the pancreas. This index decreases progressively with the severity of the disease and reaches a maximum of 54% of the normal in maturity-onset diabetics, which can satisfactorily be explained by pancreas insufficiency. Only in some cases of insulin-requiring diabetics was an insulin reserve still detectable. The biological inactivity of the insulin circulating in the blood can be deduced from the increased ILA-values, as compared with those found in maturity-onset diabetics. Obviously some of this insulin can be released by the addition of glucose. It is likely that, in addition to pancreatic insufficiency, insulin-binding or insulin-inactivating antibodies play a part in the pathogenesis of insulin-requiring diabetes.

β-Thromboglobulin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: Effect of Hemodialysis

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Green ◽  
S. Santhanam ◽  
F.A. Krumlovsky ◽  
F. del Greco
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sensitive Indicator ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Before And After

β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG), a protein located in the α-granules of platelets, is released into the plasma when platelets are disrupted. Since plasma β-TG is cleared by the kidney, we measured β-TG levels in normal subjects and and in patients with chronicrenal failure, using a radioimmunoassay kit (Amersham Corp.). In 24 controls, mean values were 27 ± 12 (S.D.) ng ml-l and in 24 patients, 123 ± 41 ng ml-l , P <0.001. Because hemodialysis may induce platelet damage, we examined β-TG levels in patients before and after dialysis. Although platelet counts were unchanged, plasma β-TG levels rose in all but 2 patients, with an average increase of 30 ng ml-l. That the increase in β-TG was due to platelet disruption was confirmed by (1) no change in β-TG in 3 patients having peritoneal dialysis, and (2) studies of a patient with radiation nephritis and severe thrombocytopenia (18,000 per cu mm) secondary to chemotherapy. β-TG was 12 nR ml-l and did not increase after hemodialysis. We conclude that plasma β-TG is significantly elevated in patients with chronic renal failure, and that measurement of this protein provides a sensitive indicator of platelet disruption by hemodialysis.

PROFILE DIAGNOSIS OF HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS BY SIMULTANEOUS ASSAY OF HEMOSTATIC MOLECULAR MARKERS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Teruya ◽  
N Shimizu ◽  
J Matsuda ◽  
M Kazama ◽  
T Abe
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hemostatic Disorders

Simultaneous measurements of molecular markers of platelet, coagulation, fibrinolysis, and vascular system give us precise-and comprehensive information about hemostatic profile of various diseases. We adopted 6-thromboglobulin(B-TG) and platelet factor 4(PF4) for platelet function, fibrinopeptide A(FPA) and soluble fibrin monomer complex(SFMC) for coagulation, fibrinopeptide BB15-42(BB) and fibrin degradation product(FDP), for fibrinolysis, and tissue plasminogen activator(TPA) antigen for vascular system.(l).The results of normal values were as follow(n=20); 6-TG 40.6ng/ml, PF4 9.9ng/ml, FPA 3-lng/ml, BB 8.2ng/ml, and TPA 4.4ng/ml. (2).The mean values of 6-TG and PF4 were 72.1ng/ml and 30.9ng/ml, respectively in all patients with SLE(n=53)-FPA and BB were 7-lng/ml and 32.2ng/ml, respectively. All the markers mentioned above were significantly increased compared with normal. It means that hemostatic profile of SLE was hyperfunction of platelet, coagulation, and fibriolysis systems. (3)-In patients with ischemic heart diseases(IHD) including angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction(n=17) B-TG and PF4 increased to 60.1ng/ml and 21.7ng/ml, respectively. But FPA did not change significantly. And BB increased to 4l.8ng/ml. It means that occurrence of IHD is closely related to hyperfunction of platelets rather than coagulation. (4). Patients with occlusive cerebrovascular accident(CVA) were divided into two groups; cases with high FPA and those with normal FPA. The average value of FPA of the former group was 10.2ng/ml and they had higher levels of BB of 23.1ng/ml than normal. TPA was measured before and after venous occlusion (VO) of lOOmmHg for 7 minutes. TPA increased 2 or 3 folds after VO test in normal subjects, but in 5 of 17 cases of CVA it did not change before and after VO test.It was postulated that the profile diagnosis of hemostatic disorders is possible by simultaneous measurement of molecular markers, because this method informs us what aspect of hemostatic function is hyperactive. It will also provide us the appropriate indication of treatment for various types of thrombotic disease.

Glycine stimulates growth hormone release in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kikuo Kasai ◽  
Hitoshi Suzuki ◽  
Tsutomu Nakamura ◽  
Hiroaki Shiina ◽  
Shin-Ichi Shimoda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract. The influence of glycine, the simplest amino acid, on pituitary function has been investigated in the present study. Different doses (4, 8 or 12 g) of glycine were intravenously infused over 15 or 30 min in normal subjects. Serum levels of GH (growth hormone) and Prl (prolactin) were measured before and after the infusion, and also blood sugar levels were determined. The dose of 4 or 8 g glycine induced a significant increase in serum GH (P < 0.05 or P< 0.001, respectively); however, a more pronounced and significant increase in serum GH levels was observed after infusion at a dose of 12 g glycine (P < 0.001). It was clearly observed that the dose-dependent GH release to intravenous glycine occurred in normal subjects. On the contrary, serum Prl level was not changed significantly, and blood sugar level was transiently, but significantly (P < 0.05), increased after the infusion of 12 g glycine. The present data suggest that glycine might play an important role in the control of hypothalamic-pituitary function.

Circulating Human Platelet Membrane Microparticles

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N George ◽  
T A Reimann ◽  
L L Thoi ◽  
R K Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microparticle Formation ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Membrane Microparticles

“Platelet dust” providing coagulant activity has been postulated to exist in human plasma. We studied human subjects to identify platelet membrane microparticles (MP) by immunologic methods in cell-free plasma. Blood was drawn into a syringe containing ACD-PGE1 and centrifuged at 30,000 g⋅min to obtain plasma with no identifiable platelets. The plasma concentration of platelet factor 4 was normal (9.4 ng/ml, n = 14), demonstrating no in vitro platelet activation. MP were isolated from diluted plasma by centrifugation at 7 × 105 g⋅min, the pellet was washed once, and solubilized in Triton X-100. Antibody from rabbits immunized with whole platelets did not cross-react with red cells or white cells. Using tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis with MP and whole platelets, platelet antigens were identified in the MP. A specific antibody to platelet membrane glycoprotein II-III was prepared by adsorption of the anti-whole platelet antibody with cryoprecipitate and throm- basthenic platelets and used to quantify MP by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Normal plasma MP concentration was 4.37 ± .71 (SE) μg/ml (n = 20). MP concentration was greater in serum (65.2 ± 13.2 μg/ml, p < .001) demonstrating platelet microparticle formation during coagulation. In a patient with thrombocytosis (1.76 × 106 platelets/μl) plasma MP were normal (7.5 μg/ml) but serum MP were increased (185 μg/ml). Plasma MP were assayed in 11 normal subjects before and after aspirin (640 mg/day × 7 days) and MP decreased in 9 (mean values: 4.45 μg/ml pre- and 1.92 μg/ml post-aspirin, paired t test: p <.02). Therefore platelet membrane fragmentation occurs during normal circulation and is inhibited by aspirin.

Effect of gonadectomy on growth hormone, IGF-I and sex steroids in children with complete and incomplete androgen insensitivity

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cicognani ◽  
Emanuele Cacciari ◽  
Moreno Tacconi ◽  
Maria G. Pascucci ◽  
Susanna Tonioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Arginine Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Androgen Insensitivity ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Estradiol Levels ◽  
Normal Controls

Abstract. IGF-I, testosterone and estradiol levels were evaluated in 8 girls with androgen insensitivity immediately before and from 1 to 3 months after bilateral gonadectomy. In 6 patients GH secretion was evaluated before and after gonadectomy by means of an arginine test and in 3 a sleep test was also performed. Mean IGF-I level before surgery was significantly higher than that of normal controls (2850 ± 1230 vs 1680 ± 1040 U/l, p < 0.025). After gonadectomy a significant decrease was evident for testosterone, estradiol and IGF-I levels. A positive correlation between IGF-I and estradiol levels was present before surgery (p < 0.005). The presence of a correlation with estradiol, but not with testosterone, and the knowledge that this syndrome is due to an insensitivity to androgens, but not to estradiol, support the hypothesis that the estradiol level is the major determinant for the control of IGF-I values in these patients. After gonadectomy, a substantial decrease of the 12-h nocturnal GH secretion was evident. Comparison of the nocturnal GH levels before surgery of the 3 patients with those of normal subjects of the same age showed hormonal values higher than 1 sd over the mean values of control subjects. Even if the number of patients studied is too small to draw any definitive conclusion, these data may suggest that sex hormones play a role in the control of IGF-I levels, a function which seems to be mediated through GH secretion.

The Effect of Stapedectomy on the Loudness of One’s Own Voice

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Sound Energy ◽  
Loudness Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Five subjects with normal middle ear mechanisms, and otosclerotic patients, before and after stapedectomy, matched the loudness of their voices to the loudness of a 125-cps-sawtooth noise. The results showed loudness matching functions with gradual slopes, less than 1.00, for the normal subjects and the patients prior to stapedectomy. Post-surgically, the loudness function for the patients increased in steepness to considerably more than 1.00. These results are explained, most logically, in terms of increased sensitivity of the altered middle ear to sound energy generated by the listener’s own voice.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

ENDOCRINE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER THE MENARCHE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
R.-L. Kantero ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
O. Widholm
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Free Thyroxine Index ◽  
Level 1

ABSTRACT In an endocrine survey of healthy girls aged 8 to 20 years before and after the menarche, the serum thyroxine (T4), uptake of triiodothyronine by Sephadex (T3U), and the binding capacities of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and pre-albumin (TBPA) were measured, and a free thyroxine index (FTI = T4 × T3U) was calculated. The subjects were grouped according to skeletal age (SA) until the menarche and after this in the post-menarcheal age (PMA), expressed in years. T4 and FTI increased concomitantly and reached peak values of 8.40 μg/100 ml and 8.40, respectively, at 2–3 years PMA. The corresponding mean values for post-menarcheal girls (7.74 μg/100 ml and 7.51) differed statistically significantly from the means before the menarche (7.03 μg/ 100 ml and 6.75). The TBG remained virtually unchanged during the whole period, whereas the TBPA showed a continuous increase and reached a maximal level 1–2 years after the menarche. The maturation process in girls in some way involves an increase in the total and free T4 level which is not dependent on hormone binding proteins.

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD CORTICOIDS USING THE IN VITRO RESIN UPTAKE OF 3H-PREDNISOLONE

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Nakajima ◽  
Mitsunori Murala ◽  
Masumitsu Nakata ◽  
Takeshi Naruse ◽  
Seiji Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Suppression Test

ABSTRACT The in vitro resin uptake of 3H-prednisolone was used for the determination of blood cortisol after addition of radioactive prednisolone followed by Amberlite CG 400 Type 1 to the test serum, and incubation of the mixture. The radioactivity of the supernatant was compared before and after the addition of the resin. The principle of this method is similar to that of the 131I-triiodothyronine resin uptake for the thyroid function test. The tests for the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity gave satisfactory results. The mean basal value ± SD of the 3H-prednisolone resin uptake was 35.3 ± 9.2% in normal subjects, and 27.1 ± 4.8% in pregnant women. This method was valid in various adrenal function tests, i. e. the adrenal circadian rhythm, corticotrophin (ACTH) test, dexamethasone suppression test and the adrenal response to lysine-8-vasopressin. It proved to be a sensitive indicator of the adrenal function. These results suggest that this method should be useful for a routine adrenal function test.

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