THE EFFECT OF THYROTROPHIC HORMONE ON THE POTASSIUM CONTENT OF MUSCLE AND LIVER TISSUE AND ON THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL IN GUINEA PIGS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Olof Gedda
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Previous Investigation ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Single Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT The investigation showed that a single subcutaneous injection of thyrotrophic hormone (TSH) in young guinea pigs does not produce any change in the potassium content of striated muscle or of the liver within 2 hours of the injection, but does induce hyperglycaemia within this period. In a previous investigation (Gedda 1960), it was demonstrated that an equally large dose of TSH produced a marked increase in the potassium content of the thyroid gland of the guinea pig within 2 hours. The observations made in the present investigation support the assumption that the increase in potassium in the thyroid gland is specific to the gland after stimulation with TSH and that the increase is not secondary to a primary hypoglycaemia.

scholarly journals The Ticks of Rodents and their Nests, and the Discovery that Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latr. is the Vector of Tropical Typhus in Kenya

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Isgaer Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Unfavourable Weather ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

1. Earlier attempts to trace the vector of tropical typhus in Kenya failed. The only references to the subject in the available literature consist of mere suggestions that a mite would most likely prove to be the transmitter.2. An investigation made in an area whence most Nairobi cases of tropical typhus were reported, suggested that a tick (R. pulchellus) would be the most likely vector.3. Transmission experiments made in the belief that one of the unclassed fevers of man was conveyed by R. pulchellus have so far yielded negative results. There is, however, sufficient circumstantial evidence available pointing to this tick as vector of a form of mild typhus to man—this demands further investigation.4. At Mombasa and Nairobi, houses reported to be heavily infested with ticks, or houses investigated after the occurrence of the tropical typhus in them, have yielded only R. sanguineus.5. R. sanguineus (3 ♀), taken from a dog in a house where the last typhus case had occurred 8 months previously, gave a typical typhus syndrome when emulsified and inoculated into a male guinea-pig. R. sanguineus (1 ♀, 12 ⊙), taken in a house where a child had recently contracted typhus, also gave a positive result with guinea-pigs and the virus was further transmitted by passage through other guinea-pigs.6. The infestation of houses by R. sanguineus and the incidence of tropical typhus among human beings appear to be influenced by unfavourable weather conditions, causing the ticks to seek relatively dry and warm places for purposes of oviposition or metamorphosis, thus invading houses. In the absence of dogs, its usual hosts, the tick attacks man.

scholarly journals A RAPID METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL TUBERCULOSIS BY THE USE OF THE X-RAYED GUINEA PIG

1916 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Massive Dose ◽  
Renal Tuberculosis ◽  
Made In

It is possible to reduce the resistance of guinea pigs to tuberculosis by x-ray exposures, so that when animal inoculation is required for a diagnosis a much quicker result may be had than by the use of normal animals. In renal tuberculosis when it is necessary to resort to the use of animals, it ordinarily requires from 5 to 7 weeks, while by the use of x-rayed guinea pigs the diagnosis can be made in from 8 to 10 days. The resistance can be sufficiently lowered by one massive dose of x-ray administered either shortly before or after the inoculation of the material to be tested. The lesions are so marked in these animals that the diagnosis is certain after the interval indicated above.

scholarly journals THE IMMUNITY PRODUCED BY THE GROWTH OF TETANUS BACILLI IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Tenbroeck ◽  
Johannes H. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Serological Type ◽  
Made In

1. A method for the production of tetanus by the injection of a fixed number of spores is described together with the tests made in selecting animals for experimental work. 2. Guinea pigs fed a single serological type of tetanus bacilli will, after 6 months, show considerable amounts of antitoxin in their sera and will manifest immunity to the type fed. To other types they are just as susceptible as are controls. 3. Animals fed several types are immunized to each of these types. It is pointed out in the discussion that the digestive tract of man may carry several types and that he probably reacts in a manner resembling the guinea pig carriers. 4. Guinea pigs that carry tetanus bacilli and have antitoxin in their sera show little if any resistance to tetanus toxin. 5. As there is no relation between the amount of antitoxin in the blood and immunity to tetanus we believe that other bodies, specific for type, must occur and make for the immunity observed.

The effect of peptic digestion on the properties of diphtheria antitoxin

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (893) ◽  
pp. 499-513 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Peptic Digestion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Made In

Diphtheria antitoxin prepared in the horse and refined by peptic digestion when injected in very large doses into women in an advanced stage of pregnancy did not pass to the infant. In pregnant guinea-pigs diphtheria antitoxin (naturalserum, ex -guinea-pig) passed to the young in abundance; but, after peptic-digestion, this homologous antitoxin failed entirely to pass the placenta, the young being devoid of antitoxin at birth. The passage was not affected by the treatment of the natural serum with ammonium sulphate as used in the Gibson-Banzhaf (1910) process for the concentration of antitoxin. Diphtheria antitoxin (natural serum ex -horse) passed from pregnant guinea-pigs to their off spring in smaller amounts and much less readily than homologous antitoxin, and the quantity of antitoxin( ex -horse) so passing was reduced even further and very considerably as a result of peptic digestion. Even under the most favourable conditions homologous antitoxin takes sometime (2 or 3 days) to attain the same concentration in the young as in the mother; but once this concentration has been attained it is preserve data high level for long periods. Passive anaphylactics ensitization of guinea-pigs, either of the whole animal or the isolated uterus, is easily effected, in vivo or in vitro , by small quantities of diphtheria antitoxin (either natural serum or ammonium sulphate concentrated, ex -guinea-pig), but this property is completely lost when the homologous antitoxin is subjected to peptic digestion. It is not possible to sensitize anaphylactically guinea-pigs, in vivo or in vitro , by means of diphtheria antitoxin, ex -horse, whether the antibody is presented either in the form of natural serum, or concentrated by means of ammonium sulphate; and the result is the same when pepsin-refined diphtheria antitoxin ex -horse is used. When 5 or 10 units of diphtheria antitoxin ex -horse, whether as natural serum, ammonium-sulphate concentrated or pepsin-refined, are injected subcutaneously into guinea-pigs, the animals are rendered Schick-negative in a few hours. These antitoxins are eliminated in about a week, after which time the injected guinea-pigs are found to be Schick-positive again. If, however, the same amounts of antitoxin made in guinea-pigs are injected into guinea-pigs the result is different; the animals also become Schick-negative, but this condition is maintained for a month or longer. That is, homologous antitoxin is eliminated much more slowly; but if this natural serum antitoxin from the guinea-pig is subjected to peptic digestion it is eliminated as quickly as diphtheria antitoxin made in the horse. When diphtheria toxin is injected intracutaneously into guinea-pigs, a quantity of diphtheria antitoxin 50,000 times as large as that required to neutralize it in vitro is required for neutralization in the animal, and then only if injected intravenously within 1hr.; but little or no neutralization in vivo occurs if the intravenous injection is longer delayed, whatever type of homologous or heterologous antitoxin is administered.

Tissue resistance in the guinea pig at baseline and during methacholine constriction

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2541-2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Ingenito ◽  
B. Davison ◽  
J. J. Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Tissue Resistance ◽  
Lung Dysfunction ◽  
Constrictor Response ◽  
Total Lung Resistance ◽  
Made In

Total lung resistance (RL), airway resistance (Raw), and tissue resistance (Rti) were measured in unconstricted and methacholine (MCh)-constricted guinea pigs while tidal volume, lung volume, and breathing frequency were varied. Measurements were made in tracheostomized ventilated guinea pigs with use of alveolar capsules. Relationships between Raw and Rti at different breathing frequencies, lung volumes, tidal volumes, and levels of constriction were compared with previously reported values in other species. Our results demonstrate that, at fixed tidal volume, Rti was inversely related to breathing frequency (Rti approximately f-0.64, where f is breathing frequency in Hz) and increased with increasing lung volume. Rti was a significantly greater percentage of RL after MCh administration (40–50%) than at baseline (15–35%), indicating a greater tissue than airway constrictor response. Rti was also 0.5 log dose more responsive to intravenous MCh than Raw on the basis of the dose required to produce 100% increase in resistance from baseline (PD100). These data show that, in the guinea pig, Rti changes with lung volume, breathing frequency, and constrictor tone in a manner similar to other species previously reported and that Rti can be an important determinant of lung dysfunction during constriction, even in species for which it is small in relation to Raw at baseline.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE THYROID GLAND ON THE CATABOLISM OF 131I-LABELLED HOMOLOGOUS γ-GLOBULIN IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1960 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. FARTHING ◽  
JULIA GERWING ◽  
JENNIFER SHEWELL
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment ◽  
Biological Half Life ◽  
Catabolic Rate ◽  
Thyroid Glands

SUMMARY 1. Removal of the thyroid glands from guinea-pigs had no significant effect on the biological half-life of injected homologous 131I-labelled γ-globulin, or on the catabolic rate of the same material expressed as percentage intravascular protein broken down per day. 2. Administration of thyroxine to guinea-pigs decreased the biological half-life of injected 131I-labelled γ-globulin from 8·3 days in control animals to 5·6 days: the catabolic rate was correspondingly increased from 17·4±1·3% to 22·1 ± 3·4% intravascular protein per day. 3. Prolonged thyroxine treatment tended to increase serum globulin levels, particularly the γ-globulin. It is suggested that there must be a greatly increased synthesis of γ-globulin accompanying the increased catabolism of this material in hyperthyroid guinea-pigs.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EXOGENOUS GUINEA PIG INSULIN IN THE OX INSULIN IMMUNE GUINEA PIG

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 1417-1421
Author(s):  
M. A. Aprile ◽  
A. E. Tirpak ◽  
P. J. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Mouse Diaphragm

Insulin extracted from the pancreas of the guinea pig lowered the blood sugar level of ox insulin immune guinea pigs by an amount similar to that observed in non-immune guinea pigs, whereas the same dose of ox insulin or even double the dose did not lower the blood sugar level of immune guinea pigs. These results are consistent with previously reported findings, namely, that guinea pig insulin is not neutralized in vitro by guinea pig or horse anti-ox insulin sera, as shown by whole mouse test or mouse diaphragm test. By contrast, both codfish and sulfated insulins, which, relative to ox insulin are non-neutralizable by these antisera, are much less effective in the insulin-immune guinea pig than is guinea pig insulin.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

INCORPORATION OF IODIDE INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE GUINEA PIG THYROID

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ekholm ◽  
T. Zelander ◽  
P.-S. Agrell
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Guinea pigs, kept on a iodine-sufficient diet, were injected with Na131I and the thyroids excised from 45 seconds to 5 days later. The thyroid tissue was homogenized and separated into a combined nuclear-mitochondrial-microsomal fraction and a supernatant fraction by centrifugation at 140 000 g for one hour. Protein bound 131iodine (PB131I) and free 131iodide were determined in the fractions and the PB131I was analysed for monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine after hydrolysis of PB131I. As early as only 20 minutes after the Na131I-injection almost 100% of the particulate fraction 131I was protein bound. In the supernatant fraction the protein binding was somewhat less rapid and PB131I values above 90% of total supernatant 131I were not found until 3 hours after the injection. In all experiments the total amount of PB131I was higher in the supernatant than in the corresponding particulate fraction. The ratio between supernatant PB131I and pellet PB131I was lower in experiments up to 3 minutes and from 2 to 5 days than in experiments of 6 minutes to 20 hours. Hydrolysis of PB131I yielded, even in the shortest experiments, both MIT and DIT. The DIT/MIT ratio was lower in the experiments up to 2 hours than in those of 3 hours and over.

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