MAMMOGENIC EFFECTS OF METHANDROSTENOLONE IN CASTRATED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ahrén ◽  
A. Arvill ◽  
Ä. Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Alveolar Development ◽  
Dose Levels

ABSTRACT Methandrostenolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one) was injected in 4 dose-levels (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 mg daily for 28 days) into castrated male rats, and the response of the mammary glands, the seminal vesicles and the levator ani muscle studied. One dose-level (2.5 mg daily for 28 days) was injected into castrated female rats, and the response of the mammary glands, the vagina and the uterus studied. The main results were as follows: The 0.05 mg dose did not stimulate the seminal vesicles but produced a slight weight increase of the levator ani muscle. The 0.5 mg dose had only a minimal effect on the seminal vesicles but had a much more pronounced effect on the levator ani muscle. The 2 higher doses, however, markedly stimulated both the seminal vesicles and the levator ani muscle. In the mammary glands methandrostenolone produced not only lobule-alveolar development, as do most other androgens, but in addition induced growth and development of the mammary duct system, as found with oestrogenic compounds. The lobule-alveolar development, found after treatment with the various dose-levels of methandrostenolone, quantitatively, more closely followed the growth of the levator ani muscle than the development of the seminal vesicles. In the castrated female rats methandrostenolone stimulated vaginal opening, brought about slight cornification of the vaginal epithelium and caused a marked weight increase of the uterus. These effects cannot be explained solely on the basis of the androgenic activity of this compound, but seem to indicate that methandrostenolone has an oestrogenic activity when injected into castrated rats.

EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONEPHENYLPROPIONATE AND 19-NORTESTOSTERONEPHENYLPROPIONATE ON THE SEMINAL VESICLES, THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE AND THE MAMMARY GLANDS OF CASTRATED MALE RATS

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ahrén ◽  
A. Arvill ◽  
Å. Hjalmarson
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Minimal Weight ◽  
Alveolar Development ◽  
Marked Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the seminal vesicles, the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands to testosteronephenylpropionate (TPP) and 19-nortestosteronephenylpropionate (19-norTPP) was studied in castrated male rats. The development of these structures was compared with that found in male rats with intact testes. The main results were as follows: 1) Daily injections of 0.01 mg of TPP produced slight weight increase in the seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle and stimulated a slight but obvious lobule-alveolar development in the mammary glands. The same dose of 19-norTPP produced only a minimal weight increase in the seminal vesicles but produced an obvious development of the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands. 2) Daily injections of 0.05 mg of TPP caused a marked weight increase in the seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle and produced a marked lobule-alveolar development in the mammary glands. The same dose of 19-norTPP produced only a slight weight increase in the seminal vesicles but brought about a marked development of the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands. 3) Daily injections of 0.5 mg of 19-norTPP caused a marked development of the seminal vesicles comparable to that found in rats with intact testes. The levator ani muscle and the mammary glands after this treatment were, however, much more stimulated than in rats with intact testes. These results indicate 1) that the ratio between the effects of these compounds on the seminal vesicles and on the Ievator ani muscle depends on the dose-level and 2) that the development of the mammary glands is correlated more to the growth of the Ievator ani muscle than to the development of the seminal vesicles.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NANDROLONE DECANOATE

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (III) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. de Visser ◽  
G. A. Overbeek
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Anabolic Activity ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

ABSTRACT 1. The pharmacological properties of nandrolone decanoate (= caprinate), by abbreviation nor-A. D., have been studied. 2. Nor-A. D. has a marked, long-lasting effect on the levator ani muscle of the castrated rat, but it has little activity on the seminal vesicles and prostate. 3. Nor-A. D. displays only weak gonad inhibiting properties in male and female rats. 4. The anti-oestrogenic activity is low. 5. At high dose levels the anabolic activity becomes maximal and the other effects become evident. The same can be expected to occur if injections are administered with too great a frequency. 6. Chronic toxicity studies in rats and dogs demonstrate its lack of toxicity.

STUDIES ON EOSINOPHIL GRANULOCYTES.

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Baker ◽  
F. Bergman ◽  
B. Josefsson ◽  
K. G. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Eosinophil Granulocytes ◽  
Anterior Prostate ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT Castrated, adult male rats were given a long-acting androgen in doses that caused a rapid growth of the anterior prostate lobes, the seminal vesicles, and the levator ani muscle. There was no decrease in the number of mast cells, and no increase in the number of eosinophils.

THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED MALE RATS INJECTED WITH ACTH AND/OR INSULIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Lennart Angervall
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Protamine Zinc Insulin

ABSTRACT The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle was studied in castrated male rats after fifteen days of daily injections with ACTH or insulin alone, or in combination. ACTH was given in a dose of 8 IU daily. Insulin was administered in increasing daily doses, i. e. regular insulin up to 8 IU and protamine zinc insulin up to 10 IU. After ACTH treatment there were variable histological signs of stimulation of the dorsolateral prostate, while the other accessory reproductive organs showed no response. Regular insulin produced no quantitative or morphological changes in the accessory reproductive organs, and no morphological signs of increased secretion of the adrenal steroids. Administration of ACTH and regular insulin in combination stimulated the growth of all the accessory reproductive organs. Protamine zinc insulin produced prolonged hypoglycaemia and morphological signs of increase secretion of adrenal steroids, thus the adrenals became enlarged and the thymus atrophic. Protamine zinc insulin stimulated growth of all the accessory reproductive organs, a stimulation which was further accentuated after combination with ACTH. Possible mechanisms for the action of insulin on the male accessory reproductive organs are discussed. The varying response of the different parts of the prostate and the seminal vesicles emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous examination of these organs.

THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT AS AN INTACT PREPARATION SUITABLE FOR IN VITRO INVESTIGATIONS

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arvill ◽  
K. Ahrén
Keyword(s):  
Levator Ani ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Tissue Water Content ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Total Tissue

ABSTRACT A method is described of dissecting out and incubating the levator ani muscle of immature male rats, keeping its normal connections to the rest of the perineal complex. In order to find out whether this isolated preparation remained intact with undamaged cell membranes, comparisons were made between this preparation of the levator ani muscle and a cut preparation of the same muscle, and also between the levator ani muscle and the intact and cut preparations of the diaphragm. The following determinations were made: Distribution of sucrose-14C in vivo and in vitro Distribution of inulin-14C in vitro Distribution of D-xylose-14C in vitro Total tissue water content Potassium concentration in the medium after different incubation periods. It is concluded that it is possible to dissect out the levator ani muscle with undamaged cells and that this preparation can be both suitable and useful for in vitro investigations.

RECOVERY OF GONADAL FUNCTION IN MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Kind ◽  
Manuel Maqueo ◽  
A. Folch Pi
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Gonadal Activity ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT Groups of five day old rats were injected with 120 or 240 μg of oestradiol benzoate. When examined at the age of fifty days, the animal presented atrophied testes and marked decreases in the weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle. Treatment with pregnant mare's serum or with testosterone propionate given from day 20 through day 50 fully restored the gonadal activity. The dose of PMS needed to restore spermatogenesis was 10 IU which was given every third day. Testosterone propionate, 1 mg, given daily was equally effective.

ANDROGENIC PROPERTIES AND ADRENAL DEPRESSANT ACTIVITY OF MEGESTROL ACETATE OBSERVED IN CASTRATED MALE RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Eric Tisell ◽  
Håkan Salander
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Megestrol Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Prostatic Diseases ◽  
Higher Doses

ABSTRACT Megestrol acetate (17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone), a synthetic steroid with high progestational activity, is used in oral contraceptives but also in the treatment of prostatic diseases in man. To investigate whether megestrol acetate has any androgenic properties the growth of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles was studied morphologically in castrated rats treated with megestrol acetate and in non-treated castrated rats. The effect of megestrol acetate on the body weight, the levator ani muscle and the adrenals was also studied. Megestrol acetate was administered in daily doses of 0.02 mg, 0.2 mg, 2.0 mg or 20.0 mg for a period of 21 days. Megestrol acetate in the two higher doses retarded growth and gave a low weight for the levator ani muscle at autopsy indicating an anti-anabolic or catabolic action of megestrol acetate in high doses. Megestrol acetate in daily doses of 0.2, 2.0 and 20.0 mg caused an involution of the adrenal glands. After the two higher doses the weight of the adrenals amounted to only about a third of that of the untreated rats. Megestrol acetate in the lower doses had no demonstrable effect on the growth of the accessory reproductive glands. After the two higher doses of megestrol acetate some growth of the dorsal part of the dorsolateral prostate and of the coagulating glands was observed. Only the seminal vesicles exhibited complete morphological criteria of an androgenic stimulation and then only after the largest dose of megestrol acetate. The investigation shows that megestrol acetate has weak androgenic properties which are apparent at a dose per kg body weight approximately 200 times greater than that used in the treatment of prostatic diseases in man.

EFFECT OF ANDROGENIC AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS ON PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM OF THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Leeuwin
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Androgenic Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Androgenic Effect

ABSTRACT Immature male and female rats have a similar basal level of pseudocholinesterase activity in the liver and serum. In male rats pseudocholinesterase activity declines sharply with the onset of sexual maturity, between the fourth and the fifth week, after which it remains more or less constant. In female rats, also coinciding with the onset of sexual development, the activity starts to rise between five and six weeks and then increases gradually up to twenty weeks. Castration of male rats results in an increase of the enzyme activity to the basal level, whereas subsequent injection of testosterone-propionate brings about a fall to the level found in adult male rats. Three androgenic/anabolic steroids were compared for their effects on pseudocholinesterase activities in liver and serum of male castrates, viz. testosterone-propionate, testosterone-phenyl-propionate and nor-testosterone-phenyl-propionate, the latter known to possess a relatively high anabolic potency. This was confirmed in our experiments by direct protein determinations in liver and serum and by levator ani muscle/seminal vesicle ratios. At a dose of 1 mg daily for ten days, the former two substances had a similar considerable effect on pseudocholinesterase activity, whereas the effect of the nor-derivative was much smaller. A response similar to that of one milligram of testosterone-propionate was only obtained with 4 mg of the nor-derivative. At that dose level the androgenic effect of the nor-derivative on the seminal vesicles is somewhat less than that of 1 mg testosterone-propionate daily. It is concluded that the cholinesterase activity lowering effect of the compounds investigated is correlated with their androgenic rather than with their anabolic potencies.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE AND NANDROLONE AND SOME OF THEIR ESTERS ON THE PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM AND ON THE SEMINAL VESICLE AND LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Leeuwin ◽  
E. Th. Groenewoud
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Levator Ani ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Levator Ani Muscle ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
T Testosterone

ABSTRACT Testosterone (T), testosterone-propionate (TP), testosterone-phenyl-propionate (TPP), nandrolone (N) (19-nor-testosterone) and nandrolone-phenyl-propionate (NPP) were compared for their effects on the pseudocholinesterase activities in the liver and serum of castrated male rats. In addition changes in the weight of the seminal vesicle and the levator ani muscle were studied. After daily administration of 1 mg of the hormones for ten days, T and TPP showed a more marked depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and seminal vesicle than the corresponding nor-derivatives. TP and TPP have approximately similar effects, exceeding those of T. On the levator ani N and NPP were more effective than T and TPP. At identical total doses, administration of all hormones with intervals of more than one day, produced less depression of the pseudocholinesterase activity and less seminal vesicle growth than daily administration. The effects on the levator ani were less influenced by varying intervals. At an interval of four days TPP still had a potent effect on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle, whereas T was almost without effect. Prolonged administration showed that the effects on the enzyme activity and the seminal vesicle of N and NPP could not reach the maximum effects of T and TPP respectively.

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