UTILIZATION OF UNIFORMLY LABELLED 14C-GLUCOSE IN THE PINEAL BODY OF GOATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hellman ◽  
Stig Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pineal Body ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT The in vitro utilization of uniformly 14C-labelled glucose was studied in the pineal body of goats by using a quantitative application of the radio paper-chromatographic technique. The O2 consumption as well as the formation of CO2 and lactic acid from glucose in the incubation medium was comparatively very high in young goats and decreased gradually with increasing age. The same was true for the formation of labelled amino acids. Thus, there were no measurable amounts of radioactive amino acids in goats older than 6 years, while in the animals 1–3 months old no less than 11.7 μg glucose was converted into amino acids per 25 mg wet weight of the pineal body Glutamic acid and alanine were found in the highest amounts among the different amino acids formed from glucose in the youngest age group. There were also appreciable amounts of arginine, glutamine, δ-aminobutyric acid and aspartic acid. Microscopical examination revealed that not only progressive degenerative changes but also a markedly reduced number of parenchymal cells per unit volume, might account for the diminished glucose metabolism found in the pineal body of adult goats. The metabolic findings, especially the very high rate of formation of amino acids from glucose in the youngest animals, are discussed in the light of the result of recent investigations, which suggest secretion of a protein hormone from the non-adult pineal body.

scholarly journals Plasma albumin synthesis during neonatal development of the rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 760-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wise ◽  
I. T. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Parenchymal Cells ◽  
Very High

1. Liver slices were incubated with (14)C-labelled amino acids. Albumin was isolated from the slices by precipitation with specific antibody and the incorporated radioactivity measured. 2. The rate of synthesis was seen to be equal in liver slices from adult and late-stage foetal rats. 3. Synthesis was very high in the pregnant rat (three times the normal adult value) and in the 5-15-day post-natal rat (twice the normal adult value). 4. The post-natal increase may be due to the disappearance of haemopoietic tissue and its replacement by active parenchymal cells.

BINDING OF 17-SUBSTITUTED 16-NITRILE 16,17-SECOESTRANE COMPOUNDS TO ESTROGEN RECEPTORS – „IN VITRO“ AND „IN SILICO“ STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana S. Jovanović-Šanta ◽  
◽  
Esma Isenović ◽  
Julijana A. Petrović ◽  
Yaraslau U. Dzichenka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Number Of Binding Sites ◽  
Almost All

About 75% of breast cancers express estrogen receptors (ERs), which is a good base for an efficient endocrine therapy. This gives the opportunity for the treatment of patients with antiestrogens, compounds that bind to the ERs and thus compete to estradiol (E2), preventing its action in progression of estrogen-depending cancers. Here we present results of testing the effect of the modified steroids, namely 17-substituted 16-nitrile 16,17-secoestrane compounds on the E2-ER complex forming, its stability, nuclear translocation and binding to DNA. Almost all compounds in moderate to high rate induced lower forming of this complex, destabilizing it – they increased Kd of this complex and decreased number of binding sites. Complex formed in the presence of some test secosteroids could pass to the nucleus, while other compounds inhibited translocation. In the presence of some compounds binding of the formed complex E2-ER to DNA was noticed. Docking followed molecular dynamics simulation was performed to reveal binding mode of E2 to ER in the presence of test secosteroids. Amino acids important for binding process and complex stabilization were detected. Analysis of the simulation data allowed identifying key amino acids and type of binding of the secoestrane compounds, important for high affinity binding of the steroidal compounds.

THE IN VITRO RELEASE OF AMINO ACIDS BY RUMEN PAPILLAE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Salts Of Organic Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Effective Source

Rumen papillae from cattle were incubated aerobically with combinations of NH4Cl, amino acids and salts of organic acids, the latter including propionate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and glyoxylate. Amino acids in the incubation media were analyzed using a gas-liquid chromatographic technique entailing separation of the isobutyl-N(0)-heptafluorobutyryl esters: glutamine was recovered with glutamate, asparagine with aspartate, and citrulline with ornithine. Rumen papillae incubated with pyruvate or propionate released alanine, but with the latter substrate only glutamate was effective as a nitrogen source. Glycine and glutamate plus glutamine were released in the presence of glyoxylate and α-ketoglutarate, respectively. Serine and aspartate plus asparagine were not quantitatively major products released by rumen papillae. Glutamate was an effective source of nitrogen for the release of alanine and glycine with pyruvate and glyoxylate, respectively, as carbon sources. When rumen papillae were incubated with pyruvate or glyoxylate as the added carbon source, glutamine nitrogen disappeared and was not accounted for by the amino acids measured. With arginine as a substrate, there was a release of ornithine by rumen papillae indicating urea production. The tissues of rumen papillae appear to synthesize amino acids from expected carbon sources with ammonia or glutamate as nitrogen sources and to catabolize glutamine and arginine. The metabolism of amino acids by rumen papillae would contribute to the interchange of nitrogen between the rumen and the host.

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

scholarly journals Micropropagation and Assessment of Genetic Stability of Acclimatized Streptocarpus x hybridus Voss Plantlets Using RAPD Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica HÂRŢA ◽  
Doina CLAPA ◽  
Orsolya BORSAI ◽  
Mihai Călin RUSU ◽  
Cristina KELEMEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Very High

A micropropagation protocol via direct shoot organogenesis from Streptocarpus x hybridus Voss. leaf explants was established in this study. The shoot induction of three Streptocarpus cultivars (‘Snow White’, ‘Black Panther’ and ‘Slumber Song’) was successfully achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 -indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.2 mg L-1 thidiazuron (TDZ). In proliferation stage, the effects of two combinations of plant growth regulators -PGR- (V1-0.2 mg/L-1 IAA + 0.5 mg/L-1 BAP and V2-1.0 mg L-1 NAA + 0.2 mg L-1 TDZ) on shoot number and length were examined. The results suggest that PGRs combinations significantly influenced shoot proliferation and root induction in all Streptocarpus cultivars. Among the treatments, 0.2 mg L-1 (IAA) in combination with 0.5 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were the most effective for in vitro shoot multiplication and rooting. The in vitro rooting percentage was also determined before subjecting the plantlets to the acclimatization process. Due to acclimatization, Streptocarpus plantlets showed a very high rate of survival (90%). The generated PCR-RAPD profiles for the selected in vitro-raised plants and donor plants were similar which indicates the clonal or true-to-type nature of the progenies.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE VENOM GLAND OF VIPERID SNAKES

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Oron ◽  
A. Bdolah
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Venom Gland ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Intracellular Level ◽  
Secretory Cycle ◽  
Venom Proteins

Morphological changes in the venom gland of V. ammodytes were studied after the removal of the venom from the gland lumina (milking) It was found that the height of the secretory cells was changed during the secretory cycle. The patterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi complex were changed as well Milking induced an increased incorporation of [14C]amino acids into total and venom proteins In V ammodytes, during the first day after milking, 25% of the total counts in protein were precipitable by anti-venom serum, while at 8 days, 80% of the proteins synthesized were venom proteins At this stage, the incorporation was 10- and 20-fold that of unmilked glands for total and venom proteins, respectively. Venom was accumulated (secreted) in the gland lumina of V. ammodytes at a relatively high rate up to 2 wk after milking and leveled off afterwards. Intact glands and gland slices of V ammodytes and V palaestinae, taken from snakes a few days after milking, incorporated [14C]amino acids into proteins in vitro at a rate higher than that of unmilked glands. The activity of two exportable enzymes (phosphodiesterase and benzoyl arginyl ethyl esterase) was assayed in gland homogenates of V. ammodytes. It was found that 2–3 wk after milking, the intracellular level of these enzymes was up to 2-fold that of unmilked glands.

scholarly journals High Rate of Resistance to Quinupristin-Dalfopristin in Enterococcus faecium Clinical Isolates from Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 5176-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Sup Oh ◽  
Kwan Soo Ko ◽  
Jae-Hoon Song ◽  
Mi Young Lee ◽  
Sulhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT We tested the in vitro susceptibilities of 603 enterococcal isolates from eight tertiary-care hospitals in Korea. The quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance rate in Enterococcus faecium was very high (25 isolates, 10.0%). It was suggested that both clonal spread and the sporadic emergence of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant isolates may explain the high prevalence of quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in Korea.

Substrate requirements for ion transport by rat intestine studied in vitro

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Gilman ◽  
Ethol S. Koelle
Keyword(s):  
Ion Transport ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Mucosal Surface ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Very High

Ion transport by the jejunum and ileum of the rat was studied in vitro by a technique which presented a fluid of constant composition (Krebs-bicarbonate) to the mucosal surface of the gut over a period of 2 hours and permitted the direct collection of the transported fluid. Fluid transported by the jejunum was isosmotic with the mucosal fluid but had a lower concentration of Na, K and Cl and a higher concentration of HCO3. The jejunum exhibited a very high rate of aerobic glycolysis and large amounts of lactate were present in its serosal fluid. Fluid transported by the ileum closely resembled the mucosal fluid in composition except for the partial replacement of bicarbonate by lactate. The rate of glycolysis was much lower in the ileum. When the glucose in the mucosal fluid was replaced by citrate or pyruvate, transport practically ceased in the jejunum but was little affected in the ileum. It was concluded that glycolysis provides an obligatory source of energy for ion transport by the jejunum.

scholarly journals Ostrich Involvement in the Selection of H5N1 Influenza Virus Possessing Mammalian-Type Amino Acids in the PB2 Protein

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (24) ◽  
pp. 13015-13018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Shinya ◽  
Akiko Makino ◽  
Makoto Ozawa ◽  
Jin Hyun Kim ◽  
Yuko Sakai-Tagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
H5n1 Influenza

ABSTRACT Amino acids at positions 627 and 701 in the PB2 protein (PB2-627 and PB2-701, respectively) of avian influenza A viruses affect virus replication in some mammalian cells. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses possessing mammalian-type PB2-627 were detected during the Qinghai Lake outbreak in 2005 and spread to Europe and Africa. Via a database search, we found a high rate of viral isolates from Ratitae, including ostrich, possessing mammalian-type PB2-627 or -701. Here, we report that H5N1 avian influenza viruses possessing mammalian-type amino acids in PB2-627 or -701 are selected during replication in ostrich cells in vitro and in vivo.

The Retention of Amino Acids in the Haemolymph During Diuresis in Rhodnius

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
S.H.P. MADDRELL ◽  
B.O.C. GARDINER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Excretory System ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Active Reabsorption ◽  
Very High

The haemolymph of Rhodnius is rich in amino acids. During the rapid diuresis after a blood meal, no more than trace amounts of amino acids are lost in the urine. There is no significant reabsorption of amino acids in the excretory system. That they escape elimination can instead be attributed to a combination of the low permeability of the Malpighian tubules to amino acids, the very high rate of fluid secretion by the tubules, and the dilution of the haemolymph by an expansion in its volume after feeding. Amino acid losses are low in spite of the fact that the tubules actively accumulate high concentrations of amino acids in their cells and passive losses from these stores augment to some extent the flux of amino acids into the lumen. At times other than during diuresis, fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules is slow. Calculations show that haemolymph solutes can then passively reach the higher concentrations in the lumen that are required for the operation of the excretory system (which relies on unselective passive entry and active reabsorption of useful substances). An advantage of the extraordinarily high rate of fluid secretion during diuresis is that fluid excretion can be rapidly completed. There is then little time for significant amounts of haemolymph solute to be lost passively.

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