scholarly journals Učinci turističkih transnacionalnih korporacija na zemlje u razvoju i manje razvijene zemlje

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Nikšić Radić ◽  
Martina Lukinić
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Hotel Chains

The transnational corporations functioning as major carriers and global business factors in today's globalized environment, are recognizable within the tourism sector through mega hotels, agencies and similar business chains. Foreign hotel chains represent now an established standard that any serious tourist destination must conform to if it is to be competitive within the global tourism market. In view of the importance given to direct foreign investments in tourism, and the expectations of the Croatian government regarding the entry of foreign capital in the tourism sector, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the role and importance of transnational corporations in tourism. The aim of this paper is to synthesize the most important effects of transnational tourism corporations on developing countries and less developed countries.

The Impact of Smoking in Developing Countries with Special Reference to Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Yach
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact

The health effects of smoking have been well documented in developed countries. This article highlights the impact of smoking and tobacco production on health and agricultural production in Africa. It shows that smoking represents an important current and future health risk to people in Africa, which will place stresses on the development of their health services. Tobacco production is shown to be associated with food imports, deforestation, and an economic dependence on transnational corporations. Possible solutions are proposed.

scholarly journals The Tourist Destination Management and Its Dynamism: The Case of Barcelona Versus Catalonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Anna Alvado ◽  
Joan Sorribes ◽  
Josep Boyra
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
The City

The present article tries to evaluate, from the analysis of different manage­rial components and factors, the degree of competitiveness and dynamism of a tourist destination. To carry out this analysis, the city of Barcelona and its role as the capital of Catalonia have been chosen. At a time of deep world­wide economic crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic tourism has declining by 70% worldwide during 2020. Nevertheless, tourism has demonstrated its great resilience and strength as a global engine for economic activities development generating jobs and wealth over the last decades. It is in this context, where the article analyzes the behavior of Barcelona, as a reference for the destina­tion Catalonia, in front the pandemic crisis and the strength of new emerging tourism competitors. Indeed, the reorganization of the pattern of distribution of tourist flows in the global tourism market due to health restrictions and the pace of economic emitting powers recovery generates a significant number of new opportunities. Tourist flows are posing new challenges in terms of their reception, the management of their stay and the fulfillment of a high degree of satisfaction in relation to their tourist experience. This article analyses a series of strategies promoted by different agents and managers in the field of tourism to subsequently present a set of recommendations to help assist decision-mak­ing in a tourism sector that is going through difficult times.

The Effects of the Trade-related Investment Measures Agreement on the Egyptian Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-246
Author(s):  
Lourna El-Deeb ◽  
Ahmed Labeeb
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Investment Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) Agreement aims to balance the interests of developed countries seeking to protect their investments as well as developing countries trying to attract more foreign investments to finance national projects. This article assesses the TRIMs Agreement and the compatibility of Egyptian economic legislation, especially the provisions of the Investment Law No. 72/2017, alongside the impact of this agreement on the Egyptian economy. We conclude that Egyptian legislation as a whole is in line with the TRIMs Agreement, with the exception of some provisions enacted under exceptional circumstances in Egypt since January 2011. As a result of these circumstances, it is impossible accurately to assess the extent to which the Egyptian economy was affected by the implementation of TRIMs during the current period, since the policies adopted by the Government of Egypt have succeeded in increasing the volume of foreign direct investment to Egypt.

scholarly journals OECD National Contact Points as the effective means for human rights protection from the activities of transnational corporations

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Alexey Sinyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
Corporate Liability

This article is dedicated to the analysis of extrajudicial mechanisms of consideration of complaints – OECD National Contact Points. The object of this research is the activity of OECD National Contact Points, while the subject of is the dispute resolution procedure therein. The goal of this research consist in carrying out efficiency assessment of OECD National Contact Points as legal remedy for the persons suffered from the activity of transnational corporations. The work consists of the three parts. The first part provides brief description of the activity of transnational corporations and the concept of corporate liability for violation of human rights. The second part is dedicated to the analysis of dispute resolution procedure within the National Contact Points. The third part analyzes the effectiveness of National Contact Points as legal remedy. The author comes to the following conclusions and recommendations: due to the differences in the structure, financing, and human resources, National Contact Points of certain countries appear to be more effective than of the others. The effectiveness largely depends on the level of economic development of the OECD member-state, financing, and competences of mediators. Therefore, the National Contact Points of the developed countries represent the effective legal remedy, while in the developing countries, the parties suffered from entrepreneurial activity face barriers that impede exercising their right to effective legal remedy. The set of organizational and legal measures cans serve as the solution to the existing problems. Namely, the conclusion of bilateral agreements between the developed and developing countries on rendering legal aid and exchange of mediators is essential. The author also recommends establishing corporate liability on the domestic levee in form of fines and other sanctions for refusal of transnational corporation to comply with the decision of the National Contact Points. The provision with recommendation on consolidation of such liability should be introduced into OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.

scholarly journals Sentosa Island Sebagai Citra Pariwisata Singapura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Bagus Tresnadika
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Image ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

Singapore is one of the developed countries that has a fairly good tourism sector. This country became a major tourist destination when visiting Southeast Asia. One of the favorite destinations visited by tourists in Singapore is Sentosa Island. Sentosa Island is an integrated tourism destination that provides various tourist attractions such as Universal Studio and Madame Tussauds Singapore. The government made Sentosa Island as one of the tourism image of Singapore.

scholarly journals Sentosa Island Sebagai Citra Pariwisata Singapura

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Bagus Tresnadika
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Tourism Image ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Developed Countries

Singapore is one of the developed countries that has a fairly good tourism sector. This country became a major tourist destination when visiting Southeast Asia. One of the favorite destinations visited by tourists in Singapore is Sentosa Island. Sentosa Island is an integrated tourism destination that provides various tourist attractions such as Universal Studio and Madame Tussauds Singapore. The government made Sentosa Island as one of the tourism image of Singapore.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Model Proposal in the Tourism Sector to Enhance Sustainable Competitiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6652
Author(s):  
Oscar Morant-Martínez ◽  
Cristina Santandreu-Mascarell ◽  
Lourdes Canós-Darós ◽  
José Millet Roig
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Reference Ecosystem

Service companies in developed countries represent 70–80% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In Spain, within the service sector, tourism is the main contributor and is growing annually. This is obviously an opportunity for the country due to its benefits and economic effects but at the same time a well-structured, sustainable and competitive model for its continued development is needed in order to adopt best practices and reference innovative models from other sectors. A qualitative approach using Case Study, Grounded Theory and Delphi Method has been conducted to study the tourism sector in the city of Gandia, Valencia (Spain). Results show that a tourist destination with its different components and stakeholders involved in its value chain can be interpreted as an ecosystem and so reference ecosystem models could be adopted to boost the development of a region. Considering the results obtained, this study can contribute to the development of a tourist destination in a sustainable and innovative way.

scholarly journals Tourism and economic growth: Multi-country evidence from mixed-frequency Granger causality tests

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662199015
Author(s):  
Martin Enilov ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Mixed Frequency ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

This article provides new global evidence for the causal relationship between international tourist arrivals (TA) and economic growth (EG). The analysis considers 23 developing and developed countries and covers the period from January 1981 to December 2017. The causal relationship between TA and EG is determined using a bootstrap mixed-frequency Granger causality approach adopting a rolling window technique to evaluate its stability and persistency over time. Empirical results show that causality is time-varying in both the short-term and the long-term. We illustrate our results by constructing a new global connectivity index (GCI). The GCI shows that international TA remain a leading indicator for future EG in a global perspective, especially during the global financial crisis (GFC). Our findings suggest that tourism sector plays an important part in the future EG in developing countries after the GFC. Similarly, the period after the GFC is characterised by one of the highest values of the tourism-led EG in developed countries according to the GCI; however, this effect is temporal and quickly eradicates. Overall, we find that tourism sector in developing countries remains a primary contributor to future EG, which is not the case in developed countries.

General model of small entrepreneurship development in tourism destinations in Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250
Author(s):  
Marija Ivaniš
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Tourism Sector

Small tourist enterprises on the local level lack favourable and «friendly» business environment which would enable larger investments in increasing the quality of their products, strengthening the market position of its products, optimal use of resources and specialisation, which would create pre-requisites for generation of new added values, in order to to achieve a more respectable market position, which has been seriously threatened by large corporations as a result of globalisation rise. Competitiveness of local small entrepreneurs in tourist destinations which operate in the global business environment will increasingly depend on the ability to co-operate and form partnerships on the local level. Competitiveness of any tourist destination in relation to others will in the future depoend on the effectiveness of its tourist clusters. The main aim of this paper is to show how can tourism cluster of small entrepreneurs be possible model for small entrepreneurship development in tourist destinations in Croatia and how it can increase its competitiveness (case of Labin-Rabac tourist destination). The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of clustering in the tourism sector, and highlight key advantages and benefits of establishing tourist cluster for its cluster members and tourist destination. Basic hypotesis: pooling of small entrepreneurs into tourism clusters is the base of the most efficient way to achieve future development of tourist destinations in order to achieve more competitive tourism.

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