scholarly journals Liturgijska oprema i arhitektonska plastika iz trikonhosa u Pridragi i Bilicama na izmaku kasne antike

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ana Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Formal Features

It has already been noted in the scholarship that two interesting triconch churches in central Dalmatia, at Pridraga and Bilice, share a similar, if not identical, phase of architectural development. Originally, both structures were free-standing single-nave longitudinal buildings with a triconch sanctuary. In the second phase, both were provided with annexes along the lateral walls of the nave and transformed into more complex religious structures. This article discusses the liturgical furnishings from the churches at Pridraga and Bilice given that they also share many formal features, and argues that their decoration and carving technique point to the same time of production.

scholarly journals Liturgijska oprema i arhitektonska plastika iz trikonhosa u Pridragi i Bilicama na izmaku kasne antike

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ana Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Formal Features

It has already been noted in the scholarship that two interesting triconch churches in central Dalmatia, at Pridraga and Bilice, share a similar,if not identical, phase of architectural development. Originally, both structures were free-standing single-nave longitudinal buildings witha triconch sanctuary. In the second phase, both were provided with annexes along the lateral walls of the nave and transformed into morecomplex religious structures. This article discusses the liturgical furnishings from the churches at Pridraga and Bilice given that they alsoshare many formal features, and argues that their decoration and carving technique point to the same time of production.

Anxiety

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Anxiety Neurosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Phases

In 1970 Aubrey Lewis, the past master of the Maudsley Hospital, England’s premier psychiatric facility, was 70 years old. In his long decades of experience, he was puzzled by the rise of anxiety as a popular stand-alone diagnosis. The evolution of the term, he said, had gone through two phases. The first was using anxiety “as a qualifying term for the agitated depression of melancholia.” Anxious melancholia meant melancholia out of control. In the second phase, anxiety became “a qualifying term for a neurosis in which subjective feelings of alarm are associated with visceral disturbances.” This would be Freud’s anxiety neurosis. He noted that the number of articles on anxiety in the scientific literature had increased from three in 1927 to 222 in 1960—and was still rising. As Lewis wrote in 1970, anxiety was about to undergo a third phase in its evolution: Anxiety, or panic, attacks would shortly occupy center stage. Anxiety, another part of the nervous syndrome, has a distinctive story line: For most of the history of psychiatry, it was considered part of some other disorder, or not really attended to at all. Clinicians paid no particular heed to whether their patients were worried or fearful: These emotions were part of the human condition. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais, professor of clinical medicine at the Salpêtrière Hospice in Paris, in his great catalogue of signs and symptoms written in 1809, takes it for granted that anxiety will be present in infectious illnesses. “Anxiety accompanies the better part of acute illnesses and some chronic illnesses, and is produced by various causes,” he said, and considered it an advance warning of an attack among “hypochondriacs, hysterics, and epileptics.” Then throughout the nineteenth century anxiety became part of the nervous package. As the nervous syndrome disaggregated in the early twentieth century, anxiety was spun off to become a free-standing disorder, “anxiety neurosis” in psychoanalytic parlance. More recently, anxiety tout court has morphed into panic disorder, and we shall shortly watch panic stride to the center of the stage.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Building-Machine Hybrid on the Example of Historical Oast Houses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pilsitz
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Hybrid Buildings ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Production Facilities ◽  
Historical Production

Hybrid buildings are not a modern invention. In the case of certain types of buildings in historical production facilities, a degree of inseparable fusion of static buildings and dynamic mechanics can be detected. This goes far beyond the multifunctional use of a room and also includes constructional and architectural design to the same extent. They are not simply rooms or buildings in which machines for the production of an item or a product are installed, but the room, or the building, itself, is the “machine”, or at least an essential part of it. Or is the machine the building? This relationship will be explained using the example of historical oast houses. For this type of building, architectural development from an integrated yet barely perceptible component to a free-standing solitary building can be demonstrated over a period of around 80 years. It is not clear which part is the building and which is the production technology. These two main components have become an indissoluble unit, making the oast house a real hybrid.Zusammenfassung Hybride Gebäude sind keine Erfindung der Neuzeit. Bei bestimmten Bautypen historischer Produktionsstätten ist eine Größenordnung der Durchdringung von statischem Gebäude und dynamischer Mechanik festzustellen, die nicht aufzulösen ist. Dies geht weit über die multifunktionale Nutzung eines Raumes hinaus, und umfasst in gleichem Maße auch die Konstruktion und architektonische Gestaltung. Es sind keine Räume, oder Gebäude in denen Maschinen zur Produktion eines Gegenstandes oder einer Ware aufgestellt werden, sondern der Raum, oder das Gebäude selbst ist die „Maschine“, oder zumindest ein wesentlicher Teil von dieser. Oder ist die Maschine das Gebäude? Am Beispiel historischer Darren soll dieser Zusammenhang erläutert werden. Für diesen Gebäudetyp kann in einem Zeitraum von etwa 80 Jahren eine architektonische Entwicklung vom visuell kaum wahrnehmbaren und integrierten Bauteil zum freistehenden Solitär nachgewiesen werden. Dabei ist nicht eindeutig festzustellen, welcher Teil das Gebäude ist, und welcher die Produktionstechnik. Aus den beiden Hauptkomponenten ist eine unauflösbare Einheit geworden, womit die Darre zum echten Hybrid wird.

Grain Refinement in Titanium-Erbium Alloys

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 522-523
Author(s):  
B. B. Rath ◽  
J. E. O'Neal ◽  
R. J. Lederich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Average Size

Addition of small amounts of erbium has a profound effect on recrystallization and grain growth in titanium. Erbium, because of its negligible solubility in titanium, precipitates in the titanium matrix as a finely dispersed second phase. The presence of this phase, depending on its average size, distribution, and volume fraction in titanium, strongly inhibits the migration of grain boundaries during recrystallization and grain growth, and thus produces ultimate grains of sub-micrometer dimensions. A systematic investigation has been conducted to study the isothermal grain growth in electrolytically pure titanium and titanium-erbium alloys (Er concentration ranging from 0-0.3 at.%) over the temperature range of 450 to 850°C by electron microscopy.

TEM Studies of Grain Boundary Films in Si3N4 Ceramics

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 930-931
Author(s):  
H.-J. Kleebe ◽  
J.S. Vetrano ◽  
J. Bruley ◽  
M. Rühle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Hot Isostatic Pressing ◽  
Amorphous Film ◽  
Liquid Phase Sintering ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
High Temperature Mechanical Properties ◽  
Triple Points ◽  
Boundary Films

It is expected that silicon nitride based ceramics will be used as high-temperature structural components. Though much progress has been made in both processing techniques and microstructural control, the mechanical properties required have not yet been achieved. It is thought that the high-temperature mechanical properties of Si3N4 are limited largely by the secondary glassy phases present at triple points. These are due to various oxide additives used to promote liquid-phase sintering. Therefore, many attempts have been performed to crystallize these second phase glassy pockets in order to improve high temperature properties. In addition to the glassy or crystallized second phases at triple points a thin amorphous film exists at two-grain junctions. This thin film is found even in silicon nitride formed by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing) without additives. It has been proposed by Clarke that an amorphous film can exist at two-grain junctions with an equilibrium thickness.

Polishing process effect on the image of dispersed precipitates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 534-535
Author(s):  
C.T. Hu ◽  
C.W. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Precipitate Particle ◽  
Polishing Process ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
Thinning Process

One important problem in determination of precipitate particle size is the effect of preferential thinning during TEM specimen preparation. Figure 1a schematically represents the original polydispersed Ni3Al precipitates in the Ni rich matrix. The three possible type surface profiles of TEM specimens, which result after electrolytic thinning process are illustrated in Figure 1b. c. & d. These various surface profiles could be produced by using different polishing electrolytes and conditions (i.e. temperature and electric current). The matrix-preferential-etching process causes the matrix material to be attacked much more rapidly than the second phase particles. Figure 1b indicated the result. The nonpreferential and precipitate-preferential-etching results are shown in Figures 1c and 1d respectively.

Structure of second phases in TiAl alloys containing Cr and B

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Ernest L. Hall ◽  
Shyh-Chin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Tial Alloys ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Interstitial Elements

Addition of interstitial elements to γ-TiAl alloys is currently being explored as a method for improving the properties of these alloys. Previous work in which a number of interstitial elements were studied showed that boron was particularly effective in refining the grain size in castings, and led to enhanced strength while maintaining reasonable ductility. Other investigators have shown that B in γ-TiAl alloys tends to promote the formation of TiB2 as a second phase. In this study, the microstructure of Bcontaining TiAl alloys was examined in detail in order to describe the mechanism by which B alters the structure and properties of these alloys.

Microstructural characterization of a rapidly solidified Al-Fe-V-Si alloy for elevated temperature applications

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
R. E. Franck ◽  
J. A. Hawk ◽  
G. J. Shiflet
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microstructural Stability ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Temperature Applications

Rapid solidification processing (RSP) is one method of producing high strength aluminum alloys for elevated temperature applications. Allied-Signal, Inc. has produced an Al-12.4 Fe-1.2 V-2.3 Si (composition in wt pct) alloy which possesses good microstructural stability up to 425°C. This alloy contains a high volume fraction (37 v/o) of fine nearly spherical, α-Al12(Fe, V)3Si dispersoids. The improved elevated temperature strength and stability of this alloy is due to the slower dispersoid coarsening rate of the silicide particles. Additionally, the high v/o of second phase particles should inhibit recrystallization and grain growth, and thus reduce any loss in strength due to long term, high temperature annealing.The focus of this research is to investigate microstructural changes induced by long term, high temperature static annealing heat-treatments. Annealing treatments for up to 1000 hours were carried out on this alloy at 500°C, 550°C and 600°C. Particle coarsening and/or recrystallization and grain growth would be accelerated in these temperature regimes.

Atomic structure of interface of intermetallic compound TiAl and nitride Ti2AIN using HREM and image processing

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. Sukedai ◽  
H. Mabuchi ◽  
H. Hashimoto ◽  
Y. Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Compound Tial

In order to improve the mechanical properties of an intermetal1ic compound TiAl, a composite material of TiAl involving a second phase Ti2AIN was prepared by a new combustion reaction method. It is found that Ti2AIN (hexagonal structure) is a rod shape as shown in Fig.1 and its side surface is almost parallel to the basal plane, and this composite material has distinguished strength at elevated temperature and considerable toughness at room temperature comparing with TiAl single phase material. Since the property of the interface of composite materials has strong influences to their mechanical properties, the structure of the interface of intermetallic compound and nitride on the areas corresponding to 2, 3 and 4 as shown in Fig.1 was investigated using high resolution electron microscopy and image processing.

In Situ microscopy of the anodic etching of silicon

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Frances M. Ross ◽  
Peter C. Searson
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
New Class ◽  
Porous Semiconductors

Porous semiconductors represent a relatively new class of materials formed by the selective etching of a single or polycrystalline substrate. Although porous silicon has received considerable attention due to its novel optical properties1, porous layers can be formed in other semiconductors such as GaAs and GaP. These materials are characterised by very high surface area and by electrical, optical and chemical properties that may differ considerably from bulk. The properties depend on the pore morphology, which can be controlled by adjusting the processing conditions and the dopant concentration. A number of novel structures can be fabricated using selective etching. For example, self-supporting membranes can be made by growing pores through a wafer, films with modulated pore structure can be fabricated by varying the applied potential during growth, composite structures can be prepared by depositing a second phase into the pores and silicon-on-insulator structures can be formed by oxidising a buried porous layer. In all these applications the ability to grow nanostructures controllably is critical.

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