scholarly journals State Variation in Underreporting of Alcohol Involvement on Death Certificates: Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash Fatalities as an Example

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Jen P Castle ◽  
Hsiao-Ye Yi ◽  
Ralph W Hingson ◽  
Aaron M White
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Alcohol Involvement ◽  
State Variation

scholarly journals Motor Vehicle Traffic Death Rates by Sex, Age Group, and Road-user Type: United States, 1999-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merianne Spencer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road User ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Vehicle Traffic

This report highlights differences in motor vehicle traffic death rates by sex, age group and the type of road-user.

Trends in Postneonatal Mortality Attributable to Injury, United States, 1988–1998

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1219-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Marie Tomashek ◽  
Jason Hsia ◽  
Solomon Iyasu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Death Certificates ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Live Births

Objective. Half of all postneonatal mortality (PNM; deaths among infants aged 28–364 days) in the United States is caused by potentially preventable causes such as sudden infant death syndrome, infections, and injuries. A detailed analysis of PNM attributable to injury has not been conducted and may provide useful data in prioritizing prevention strategies and targeting high-risk populations. Methods. The authors used US infant death certificate data to analyze trends in PNM caused by injury during 1988–1998. Attending physicians, medical examiners, or coroners report cause of death on death certificates using a format specified by the World Health Organization and endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The major causes of PNM by type of injury were evaluated, and trends were compared over time. Injury-related deaths per 100 000 live births were examined by race and region of residence. Rate ratios between black and white infants also were calculated. Results. Among major causes of PNM during the study period, injury mortality declined the least (13.0% decline; from 29.6 to 25.7 per 100 000 live births). All types of unintentional injury deaths declined except for mechanical suffocation rates, which increased from 4.8 to 7.1. Homicide rates increased slightly (8.5%) from an 11-year low in 1988 and accounted for a greater proportion of all PNM caused by injury by 1998 (27.5% in 1998, 22.1% in 1988). Overall, PNM rates attributable to injury declined less among blacks (8.7%) than whites (13.6%) during the study period, and rates were on average 2.6 times higher among black infants (range: 2.4–3.0). Unintentional injury declined less among blacks (15.4%) than among whites (24.9%), in part because of an increase in motor vehicle crash-related mortality rates among black infants. Although black infants were more than 3 times as likely to be a victim of homicide than white infants (range: 3.0–4.4), increases in homicide rates were similar among black infants (9.9%) and white infants (10.6%) from 1988 through 1998. Racial disparities in PNM attributable to injury varied by region. PNM rates attributable to injury increased only among black infants residing in the Midwest (10.2%) and West (27.7%) as a result of increases in unintentional injury (ie, motor vehicle crash-related deaths in the West and mechanical suffocation in the Midwest) and homicide rates in these regions. Homicide rates increased among all infants regardless of race, except for infants residing in the Northeast. Conclusions. Overall PNM rates attributable to injury declined, yet rates of mechanical suffocation increased and large regional and racial disparities persisted. Death certificates have limited information to help explain the observed differences. Because injuries are frequently preventable, prevention strategies should encourage formation of infant and child death review teams to help identify community and system factors that may contribute to injury deaths. Health care providers can assist parents in providing a safe environment for infants by counseling on age-appropriate injury prevention as part of their anticipatory guidance and serving as child advocates. Additional studies should examine regional differences in death investigation practices, case ascertainment, and reporting of deaths attributed to intentional injuries.

Pedestrian Travel Times and Motor Vehicle Traffic Signals

1996 ◽  
Vol 1553 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Noland
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Signal Average ◽  
Vehicle Delay ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Pedestrian Travel ◽  
Travel Delay

Traffic signals generally have been installed to maximize the flow of motor vehicle traffic by reducing the average travel delay time. Under free-flow conditions, motor vehicle travel delay is very sensitive to the amount of green phase and the total cycle of the traffic signal. Average pedestrian delay at traffic signals is not taken into account. Some simple examples are used to demonstrate that travel time delay costs to pedestrians caused by existing signalization cycles may often result in increased travel time costs to society. In areas with heavy pedestrian traffic (or during peak pedestrian hours), traffic signals should trade off the costs of motor vehicle delay with pedestrian delay. This may suggest that in some areas, motor vehicle traffic should be banned or severely restricted. Narrower street widths that can allow reduced total signal cycle times can also reduce pedestrian delay.

The Impact of Highway Motor Vehicle Traffic on Energy Stores in Selected Plant Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margita Kuklová ◽  
Ivica Pivková ◽  
Helena Hniličková ◽  
František Hnilička ◽  
Ján Kukla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Traffic ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
The Impact
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