The role of drinking restraint in alcohol dependence: validation of the temptation and restraint inventory in an alcohol dependent sample.

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason P Connor ◽  
Elea T Gudgeon ◽  
Ross McD Young ◽  
John B Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Drinking Restraint ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The Role of Brief Motivational Intervention on Self-Efficacy and Abstinence in a Cohort of Patients with Alcohol Dependence

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Romo ◽  
Yann Le Strat ◽  
Caroline Aubry ◽  
Sonia Marquez ◽  
Karine Houdeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Motivational Intervention ◽  
Prognosis Factor ◽  
Brief Motivational Intervention ◽  
Motivational Interventions ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Objectives: Brief interventions are effective in reducing heavy drinking in the general population but few studies examined whether it is also effective in alcohol dependent patients, and whether brief intervention increases self-efficacy. Method: One hundred and seven patients with alcohol-dependence were randomized in a controlled trial examining the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention on both self-efficacy level and days of abstinence. Results: We found that brief motivational interventions had no effect on days of abstinence, nor on self-efficacy, but that high self-efficacy was consistently correlated with a longer period of abstinence, at all assessment-points. Conclusion: Self-efficacy appears to be a crucial prognosis factor, and is not influenced by brief motivational interventions. Other types of specific psychotherapy, probably more intensive, may be more efficient in alcohol-dependent patients than motivational interventions.

Neurobiological Correlates of Learning and Decision-making in Alcohol Dependence

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S11-S11
Author(s):  
M. Sebold ◽  
S. Nebe ◽  
M. Garbusow ◽  
D. Schad ◽  
C. Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The mesolimbic dopaminergic system has been implicated in two kinds of reward processing, one in reinforcement learning (e.g prediction error) and another in incentive salience attribution (e.g. cue-reactivity). Both functions have been implicated in alcohol dependence with the former contributing to the persistence of chronic alcohol intake despite severe negative consequences and the latter playing a crucial role in cue-induced craving and relapse. The bicentric study “Learning in alcohol dependence (LeAD)” aims to bridge a gap between these processes by investigating reinforcement learning mechanisms and the influence that Pavlovian cues exert over behavior. We here demonstrate that alcohol dependent subjects show alterations in goal-directed, model-based reinforcement learning (Sebold et al., 2014) and demonstrate that prospective relapsing patients show reductions in the medial prefrontal cortex activation during goal-directed control. Moreover we show that in alcohol dependent patients compared to healthy controls, Pavlovian cues exert pronounced control over behavior (Garbusow et al., 2016). Again, prospective relapsing patients showed increased Nucleus accumbens activation during these cue-induced responses. These findings point to an important role of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system as a predictor of treatment outcome in alcohol dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The relationship between personality and drinking restraint in an alcohol dependent sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elea T. Gudgeon ◽  
Jason P. Connor ◽  
Ross McD. Young ◽  
John B. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Restraint ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

Role of Serotonin and Serotonin-Selective Pharmacotherapy in Alcohol Dependence

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Pettinati ◽  
David Oslin ◽  
Kelly Decker
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

AbstractThe majority of studies that have examined the usefulness of pharmacotherapies selective for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) as a treatment for alcohol dependence have been standard, double-blind clinical trials that include patients with a variety of clinical presentations. Almost all of the early studies evaluated heavy social drinkers and found only a modest advantage for 5-HT pharmacotherapies in reducing the number of drinks per day. Also, the advantage of these pharmacotherapies was observed primarily when these agents were given at higher daily dosages than suggested prescribing practices for use as an antidepressant. The few studies that evaluated treatment-seeking patients found that 5-HT pharmacotherapies were not instrumental in reducing drinking rates compared with placebo. These results led to a dampening of enthusiasm for use of these agents in treating alcohol dependence. However, more recent investigations have begun to target subgroups with potential abnormalities in 5-HT neurotransmission. The thinking is that these medications should be most useful in alcohol-dependent individuals who have more clearly delineated suggestive signs of 5-HT dysfunction, such as concomitant depression or anxiety. Although few results are available to date, there is growing evidence to suggest that alcohol-dependent subgroups are differentially responsive to 5-HT pharmacotherapies with respect to drinking-related outcomes. This may explain the modest and variable 5-HT pharmacotherapeutic effects that were reported in the earlier studies, which included large heterogeneous patient groups. Further investigations are needed to confirm these initial optimistic results.

scholarly journals KPNA3Variation Is Associated with Schizophrenia, Major Depression, Opiate Dependence and Alcohol Dependence

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P. Morris ◽  
Bernhard T. Baune ◽  
Katharina Domschke ◽  
Volker Arolt ◽  
Christopher D. Swagell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Opiate Dependence ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Block Based ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

KPNA3is a gene that has been linked to schizophrenia susceptibility. In this study we investigated the possible association betweenKPNA3variation and schizophrenia. To investigate a wider role ofKPNA3across psychiatric disorders we also analysed major depression, PTSD, nicotine dependent, alcohol dependent and opiate dependent cohorts. Using a haplotype block-based gene-tagging approach we genotyped sixKPNA3single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 157 schizophrenia patients, 121 post-traumatic stress disorder patients, 120 opiate dependent patients, 231 alcohol dependent patients, 147 nicotine dependent patients and 266 major depression patients. One SNP rs2273816 was found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia, opiate dependence and alcohol dependence at the genotype and allele level. Major depression was also associated with rs2273816 but only at the allele level. Our study suggests that KPNA3 may contribute to the genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia as well as other psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Manifestations of the adverse effects of drinkers on adults in microsocial environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Igor Linskiy ◽  
Valerii Kuzminov ◽  
Oleksandr Minko ◽  
Hanna Kozhyna ◽  
Yevheniia Grynevych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Analysis Package ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The City ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

The purpose of the work is to study individual manifestations of adverse effects of drinking people on adults in their microsocial environment. In four regions of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia regions, as well as the city of Kyiv), during 2018—2020, 1742 people were examined, who belonged to three qualitatively different comparison groups: patients with alcohol dependence (393 people); healthy relatives of alcohol-dependent patients (274 people) and representatives of the general population (1075 people). Of these surveyed, respondents were identified who had drinkers in the environment: 481 people among healthy people and 69 people among patients with alcohol dependence. Further research focused on this particular contingent. The main research tool was the questionnaire of the international research consortium GENAHTO (Gender, Alcohol, and Harms to Others). The obtained data were processed by methods of mathematical statistics (variance and correlation analysis) on a computer using Excel 2016 computational tables (with the Data Analysis package). The dependences of the frequency of manifestations of the adverse effects of drinkers on adults in their microsocial environment on the age, gender and attitude to alcohol of the respondents were described, and it was found that the most vulnerable contingent in terms of the adverse effects of drinkers are elderly (> 59 years old) women. The conjugation between the mentioned manifestations was analyzed and the corresponding quantitative measure is proposed — the conjugation index (CI). It has been shown that CI can play the role of a marker of the severity of the situation around respondent, which is in microsocial environment of the drinking person.

Alcohol Dependence Conceptualized as a Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 198-220
Author(s):  
Leandro F. Vendruscolo ◽  
George F. Koob
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Brain Circuits ◽  
Negative Emotional State ◽  
Alcohol Alcohol

Alcohol use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that involves (1) compulsivity to seek and take alcohol, (2) difficulty in limiting alcohol intake, and (3) emergence of a negative emotional state (e.g., dysphoria, anxiety, irritability) in the absence of alcohol. Alcohol addiction encompasses a three-stage cycle that becomes more intense as alcohol use progresses: binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. These stages engage neuroadaptations in brain circuits that involve the basal ganglia (reward hypofunction), extended amygdala (stress sensitization), and prefrontal cortex (executive function disorder). This chapter discusses key neuroadaptations in the hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic stress systems and the critical role of glucocorticoid receptors. These neuroadaptations contribute to negative emotional states that powerfully drive compulsive alcohol drinking and seeking. These changes in association with a disruption of prefrontal cortex function that lead to cognitive deficits and poor decision making contribute to the chronic relapsing nature of alcohol dependence.

scholarly journals Association of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer: Clinical relevance for alcohol dependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Sebold ◽  
Maria Garbusow ◽  
Deniz Cerci ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Christian Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Opioid System ◽  
Operant Behaviour ◽  
Oprm1 Gene ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
A118g Polymorphism

Background: Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) quantifies the extent to which a stimulus that has been associated with reward or punishment alters operant behaviour. In alcohol dependence (AD), the PIT effect serves as a paradigmatic model of cue-induced relapse. Preclinical studies have suggested a critical role of the opioid system in modulating Pavlovian–instrumental interactions. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene affects opioid receptor availability and function. Furthermore, this polymorphism interacts with cue-induced approach behaviour and is a potential biomarker for pharmacological treatment response in AD. In this study, we tested whether the OPRM1 polymorphism is associated with the PIT effect and relapse in AD. Methods: Using a PIT task, we examined three independent samples: young healthy subjects ( N = 161), detoxified alcohol-dependent patients ( N = 186) and age-matched healthy controls ( N = 105). We used data from a larger study designed to assess the role of learning mechanisms in the development and maintenance of AD. Subjects were genotyped for the A118G (rs1799971) polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene. Relapse was assessed after three months. Results: In all three samples, participants with the minor OPRM1 G-Allele (G+ carriers) showed increased expression of the PIT effect in the absence of learning differences. Relapse was not associated with the OPRM1 polymorphism. Instead, G+ carriers displaying increased PIT effects were particularly prone to relapse. Conclusion: These results support a role for the opioid system in incentive salience motivation. Furthermore, they inform a mechanistic model of aberrant salience processing and are in line with the pharmacological potential of opioid receptor targets in the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals Correction to: The role of childhood adversities, FKBP5, BDNF, NRN1, and generalized self-efficacy in suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Berent ◽  
Bożena Szymańska ◽  
Dominika Kulczycka-Wojdala ◽  
Marian Macander ◽  
Zofia Pawłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00277-5

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