scholarly journals Evaluation of the Potential Effects of Retinol and Alginate/Gelatin-Based Scaffolds on Differentiation Capacity of Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) into Retinal Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Haghighat ◽  
Alireza Iranbakhsh ◽  
Javad Baharara ◽  
Mostafa Ebadi ◽  
Fattah Sotoodehnejadnematalahia
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Retinal Cells ◽  
Differentiation Capacity

Therapeutic Potential of Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based on their Differentiation Capacity and Immunomodulatory Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl R. Harrell ◽  
Marina Gazdic ◽  
Crissy Fellabaum ◽  
Nemanja Jovicic ◽  
Valentin Djonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Background: Amniotic Fluid Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AF-MSCs) are adult, fibroblast- like, self-renewable, multipotent stem cells. During the last decade, the therapeutic potential of AF-MSCs, based on their huge differentiation capacity and immunomodulatory characteristics, has been extensively explored in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Objective: In order to describe molecular mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of AFMSCs, we summarized current knowledge about phenotype, differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties of AF-MSCs. Methods: An extensive literature review was carried out in March 2018 across several databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar), from 1990 to present. Keywords used in the selection were: “amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells”, “cell-therapy”, “degenerative diseases”, “inflammatory diseases”, “regeneration”, “immunosuppression”. Studies that emphasized molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for AF-MSC-based therapy were analyzed in this review. Results: AF-MSCs have huge differentiation and immunosuppressive potential. AF-MSCs are capable of generating cells of mesodermal origin (chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes), neural cells, hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, insulin-producing cells, cardiomyocytes and germ cells. AF-MSCs, in juxtacrine or paracrine manner, regulate proliferation, activation and effector function of immune cells. Due to their huge differentiation capacity and immunosuppressive characteristic, transplantation of AFMSCs showed beneficent effects in animal models of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of nervous, respiratory, urogenital, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system. Conclusion: Considering the fact that amniotic fluid is obtained through routine prenatal diagnosis, with minimal invasive procedure and without ethical concerns, AF-MSCs represents a valuable source for cell-based therapy of organ-specific or systemic degenerative and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of Severe Hypoxia on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cicione ◽  
Emma Muiños-López ◽  
Tamara Hermida-Gómez ◽  
Isaac Fuentes-Boquete ◽  
Silvia Díaz-Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions

Background. The interests in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their application in cell therapy have resulted in a better understanding of the basic biology of these cells. Recently hypoxia has been indicated as crucial for complete chondrogenesis. We aimed at analyzing bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) differentiation capacity under normoxic and severe hypoxic culture conditions.Methods. MSCs were characterized by flow cytometry and differentiated towards adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes under normoxic or severe hypoxic conditions. The differentiations were confirmed comparing each treated point with a control point made of cells grown in DMEM and fetal bovine serum (FBS).Results. BM-MSCs from the donors displayed only few phenotypical differences in surface antigens expressions. Analyzing marker genes expression levels of the treated cells compared to their control point for each lineage showed a good differentiation in normoxic conditions and the absence of this differentiation capacity in severe hypoxic cultures.Conclusions. In our experimental conditions, severe hypoxia affects thein vitrodifferentiation potential of BM-MSCs. Adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiations are absent in severe hypoxic conditions. Our work underlines that severe hypoxia slows cell differentiation by means of molecular mechanisms since a decrease in the expression of adipocyte-, osteoblast-, and chondrocyte-specific genes was observed.

scholarly journals Minced Pulp as Source of Pulpal Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Odontogenic Differentiation Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhangrui Liang ◽  
Satoshi Kawano ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Moein Seyed Sadrkhani ◽  
Chaehwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Odontogenic Differentiation

scholarly journals Exosomes from Gastric Cancer Suppressed Adipo-differentiation of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote Cancer-associated Cachexia via miR-155/ C/EPBβ pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Dan Lin ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Huiya Wang ◽  
Ting Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract BACKGROUNDCancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is defined as a multifactorial syndrome including depletion of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Adipose tissue wasting, as a key characteristic of CAC, occurs early and is related with poor survival. However, the influence of exosomes on adipo-differentiation in CAC remained be mysterious.METHODSOil-red staining, western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to investigate the adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs from GC patients and healthy donors. Adipo-differentiation capacity of A-MSCs treated with exosomes from GES-1 or GC cell lines was also detected. To further explore the effects of exosomal miR-155 on adipo-differentiation in vitro, we carried out luciferase reporter assay. Finally, to evaluate the function of exosomal miR-155 in vivo, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with SGC7901 cells transfected with lentivirus containing a miR-155 overexpressing (miR-155 OE) sequence or miR-155 shRNA (miR-155 KO) or control lentivirus(NC) to observe the change of adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs.RESULTSWe showed that miR-155 was high expressed in adipose mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) isolated from GC patients, which exhibited significantly suppressed adipo-differentiation. Mechanistically, targeting C/EPBβ and suppressing C/EPBα and PPARγ by GC exosomal miR-155 was demonstrated to be involved in impairing the differentiation of A-MSCs into adipocytes. The expression of C/EPBβ C/EPBα and PPARγ were rescued through downregulating miR-155 in GC exosomes. Moreover, overexpression of miR-155 improved cancer cachexia in tumor-implanted mice, charactered by weight loss, tumor progression and low expression of C/EPBβ, C/EPBα, and PPARγ in A-MSCs as well as FABP4 in tumor-related adipose tissue. Decreasing level of miR-155 in implanted tumor blocked the anti-adipogenic effects of GC. CONCLUSIONGC exosomsal miR-155 suppressed adipo-differentiation of A-MSCs via targeting C/EPBβ of A-MSCs plays a crucial role in CAC.

scholarly journals Autologous, Non-Invasively Available Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Outer Root Sheath of Hair Follicle Are Obtainable by Migration from Plucked Hair Follicles and Expandable in Scalable Amounts

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2069
Author(s):  
Hanluo Li ◽  
Federica Francesca Masieri ◽  
Marie Schneider ◽  
Tina Kottek ◽  
Sebastian Hahnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Differentiation Capacity ◽  
Prior Art ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Regenerative therapies based on autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as well as stem cells in general are still facing an unmet need for non-invasive sampling, availability, and scalability. The only known adult source of autologous MSCs permanently available with no pain, discomfort, or infection risk is the outer root sheath of the hair follicle (ORS). Methods: This study presents a non-invasively-based method for isolating and expanding MSCs from the ORS (MSCORS) by means of cell migration and expansion in air–liquid culture. Results: The method yielded 5 million cells of pure MSCORS cultured in 35 days, thereby superseding prior art methods of culturing MSCs from hair follicles. MSCORS features corresponded to the International Society for Cell Therapy characterization panel for MSCs: adherence to plastic, proliferation, colony forming, expression of MSC-markers, and adipo-, osteo-, and chondro-differentiation capacity. Additionally, MSCORS displayed facilitated random-oriented migration and high proliferation, pronounced marker expression, extended endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation capacity, as well as a paracrine immunomodulatory effect on monocytes. MSCORS matched or even exceeded control adipose-derived MSCs in most of the assessed qualities. Conclusions: MSCORS qualify for a variety of autologous regenerative treatments of chronic disorders and prophylactic cryopreservation for purposes of acute treatments in personalized medicine.

scholarly journals Differentiation Capacity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Keratocyte Lineage

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelie Dos Santos ◽  
Alis Balayan ◽  
Martha L. Funderburgh ◽  
John Ngo ◽  
James L. Funderburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiation Capacity
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