scholarly journals Methionine metabolism is essential for SIRT 1‐regulated mouse embryonic stem cell maintenance and embryonic development

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (21) ◽  
pp. 3175-3193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Tang ◽  
Yi Fang ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Xiaojiang Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Padilla‐Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals The Role of Ubiquitination in Regulating Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Cancer Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Wang ◽  
Fan Bu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Substrate Protein ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzymes ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Ubiquitination regulates nearly every aspect of cellular events in eukaryotes. It modifies intracellular proteins with 76-amino acid polypeptide ubiquitin (Ub) and destines them for proteolysis or activity alteration. Ubiquitination is generally achieved by a tri-enzyme machinery involving ubiquitin activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2) and ubiquitin ligases (E3). E1 activates Ub and transfers it to the active cysteine site of E2 via a transesterification reaction. E3 coordinates with E2 to mediate isopeptide bond formation between Ub and substrate protein. The E1-E2-E3 cascade can create diverse types of Ub modifications, hence effecting distinct outcomes on the substrate proteins. Dysregulation of ubiquitination results in severe consequences and human diseases. There include cancers, developmental defects and immune disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the ubiquitination machinery and discuss the recent progresses in the ubiquitination-mediated regulation of embryonic stem cell maintenance and cancer biology.

Investigations of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance by Analyses of Culture Variables and Gene Expression

2007 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
James M. Piret ◽  
Clive H. Glover ◽  
Michael Marin ◽  
Mohammed A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
Connie J. Eaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Maintenance

scholarly journals Essential requirement of mammalian Pumilio family in embryonic development

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 2922-2932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaibo Lin ◽  
Shikun Zhang ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Mengyi Zhu ◽  
Liuze Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Mouse PUMILIO1 (PUM1) and PUMILIO2 (PUM2) belong to the PUF (Pumilio/FBF) family, a highly conserved RNA binding protein family whose homologues play critical roles in embryonic development and germ line stem cell maintenance in invertebrates. However, their roles in mammalian embryonic development and stem cell maintenance remained largely uncharacterized. Here we report an essential requirement of the Pum gene family in early embryonic development. A loss of both Pum1 and Pum2 genes led to gastrulation failure, resulting in embryo lethality at E8.5. Pum-deficient blastocysts, however, appeared morphologically normal, from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) could be established. Both mutant ESCs and embryos exhibited reduced growth and increased expression of endoderm markers Gata6 and Lama1, making defects in growth and differentiation the likely causes of gastrulation failure. Furthermore, ESC Gata6 transcripts could be pulled down via PUM1 immunoprecipitation and mutation of conserved PUM-binding element on 3′UTR (untranslated region) of Gata6 enhanced the expression of luciferase reporter, implicating PUM-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of Gata6 expression in stem cell development and cell lineage determination. Hence, like its invertebrate homologues, mouse PUM proteins are conserved posttranscriptional regulators essential for embryonic and stem cell development.

Full factorial screening of human embryonic stem cell maintenance with multiplexed microbioreactor arrays

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 822-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M. Titmarsh ◽  
Dmitry A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Ernst J. Wolvetang ◽  
Justin J. Cooper-White
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Cell Maintenance
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