Music Training and Vocal Production of Speech and Song

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Stegemööller ◽  
Erika Skoe ◽  
Trent Nicol ◽  
Catherine M. Warrier ◽  
Nina Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Listening Experience ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Frequency Ratios ◽  
Fine Tune

Studying similarities and differences between speech and song provides an opportunity to examine music's role in human culture. Forty participants divided into groups of musicians and nonmusicians spoke and sang lyrics to two familiar songs. The spectral structures of speech and song were analyzed using a statistical analysis of frequency ratios. Results showed that speech and song have similar spectral structures, with song having more energy present at frequency ratios corresponding to those ratios associated with the 12-tone scale. This difference may be attributed to greater fundamental frequency variability in speech, and was not affected by musical experience.Higher levels of musical experience were associated with decreased energy at frequency ratios not corresponding to the 12-tone scale in both speech and song. Thus, musicians may invoke multisensory (auditory/vocal-motor) mechanisms to fine-tune their vocal production to more closely align their speaking and singing voices according to their vast music listening experience.

scholarly journals Music Listening in Classical Concerts: Theory, Literature Review, and Research Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann ◽  
Hauke Egermann ◽  
Anna Czepiel ◽  
Katherine O’Neill ◽  
Christian Weining ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Listening Experience

Performing and listening to music occurs in specific situations, requiring specific media. Empirical research on music listening and appreciation, however, tends to overlook the effects these situations and media may have on the listening experience. This article uses the sociological concept of the frame to develop a theory of an aesthetic experience with music as the result of encountering sound/music in the context of a specific situation. By presenting a transdisciplinary sub-field of empirical (concert) studies, we unfold this theory for one such frame: the classical concert. After sketching out the underlying theoretical framework, a selective literature review is conducted to look for evidence on the general plausibility of the single elements of this emerging theory and to identify desiderata. We refer to common criticisms of the standard classical concert, and how new concert formats try to overcome alleged shortcomings and detrimental effects. Finally, an empirical research program is proposed, in which frames and frame components are experimentally manipulated and compared to establish their respective affordances and effects on the musical experience. Such a research program will provide empirical evidence to tackle a question that is still open to debate, i.e., whether the diversified world of modern-day music listening formats also holds a place for the classical concert – and if so, for what kind of classical concert.

PENGUCAPAN MAKHRAJ DARI UNIT BUNYI TERKECIL HURUF HIJAIYAH BERDASARKAN FREKUENSI DASAR DAN FREKUENSI FORMANT UNTUK MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA ALQURAN

ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Muhammad Subali ◽  
Miftah Andriansyah ◽  
Christanto Sinambela
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Male Speaker ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This article aims to look at the similarities and differences in the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies using the autocorrelation function and LPCfunction in GUI MATLAB 2012b on sound hijaiyah letters for adult male speaker beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation and both of speaker will be analysis on matching distance of the sound use DTW method on cepstrum. Subject for speech beginner makhraj pronunciation are taken from college student of Universitas Gunadarma and SITC aged 22 years old Data of the speech beginner makhraj pronunciation is recorded using MATLAB algorithm on GUI Subject for speech expert makhraj pronunciation are taken from previous research. They are 20-30 years old from the time of taking data. The sound will be extracted to get the value of the fundamental frequency and formant frequency. After getting both frequencies, it will be obtained analysis of the similarities and differences in the fundamental frequency and formant frequencies of speech beginner and expert and it will shows matching distance of both speech. The result is all of speech beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation have different values of fundamental frequency and formant frequency. Then the results of the analysis matching distance using method DTW showed that obtained in the range of 28.9746 to 136.4 between speech beginner and expert based on makhraj pronunciation. Keywords: fundamental frequency, formant frequency, hijaiyah letters, makhraj

scholarly journals Similarities and Differences of Lithuanian Functional Styles: A Quantitative Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justina Mandravickaitė ◽  
Tomas Krilavičius
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

We report an analysis of similarities and differences in terms of selected characteristics of 3 Lithuanian functional styles (FS): administrative, scientific, and publicistic. We combined 8 quantitative indicators and multivariate statistical analysis for this task. We also analyzed tendencies of indicators to be more or less pronounced in particular FS.

Subjective evaluation of the combining effect between the virtual bass and head related transfer functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1496
Author(s):  
Yunqi Chen ◽  
Chuang Shi ◽  
Hao Mu
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Listening Experience ◽  
Missing Fundamental

Earphones are commonly equipped with miniature loudspeaker units, which cannot transmit enough power of low-frequency sound. Meanwhile, there is often only one loudspeaker unit employed on each side of the earphone, whereby the multi-channel spatial audio processing cannot be applied. Therefore, the combined usage of the virtual bass (VB) and head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) is necessary for an immersive listening experience with earphones. However, the combining effect of the VB and HRTFs has not been comprehensively reported. The VB is developed based on the missing fundamental effect, providing that the presence of harmonics can be perceived as their fundamental frequency, even if the fundamental frequency is not presented. HRTFs describe the transmission process of a sound propagating from the sound source to human ears. Monaural audio processed by a pair of HRTFs can be perceived by the listener as a sound source located in the direction associated with the HRTFs. This paper carries out subjective listening tests and their results reveal that the harmonics required by the VB should be generated in the same direction as the high-frequency sound. The bass quality is rarely distorted by the presence of HRTFs, but the localization accuracy is occasionally degraded by the VB.

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