scholarly journals Problem-Solving Strategies in Music Composition: A Case Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN McADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Chamber Orchestra ◽  
Music Composition ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
Solo Piano ◽  
Performance Constraints ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Final Score ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies

The composition of a piece of contemporary music for solo piano, 16-piece chamber orchestra, and 6-channel, computer-processed sound was tracked and documented from its initial conception to its concert premier. Notebooks, sketches, diagrams, recorded interviews, and the final score were used to address the solving of three compositional problems raised within the context of the piece. The first problem concerned the need to compose the five themes for the piece (23––100 s in duration) for both solo piano and chamber orchestra. Issues of performance constraints associated with the two media and on translation from a restricted to a more open timbral palette played an important role. The second problem involved composing the two major parts of the piece with similar temporal structures but vastly different ways of traversing the same thematic musical materials. Spatial, graphical representations and self-imposed graphic organization of the score were important factors in resolving this issue. The third problem involved conceiving of the computer component to accompany either of the two major parts, because the piece could be played with them in either order. The solution involved organizing the computer component into discrete parts that had fairly continuous textures and finalizing this component before the final composing of the instrumental components. Issues concerning the aspects of compositional problem-solving that are available for study, the types of representations used in problem solving,and the generalizability of such results to other pieces by the same composer or other composers are discussed.

scholarly journals AI, visual imagery, and a case study on the challenges posed by human intelligence tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (47) ◽  
pp. 29390-29397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithilee Kunda
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Knowledge Representations ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies

Observations abound about the power of visual imagery in human intelligence, from how Nobel prize-winning physicists make their discoveries to how children understand bedtime stories. These observations raise an important question for cognitive science, which is, what are the computations taking place in someone’s mind when they use visual imagery? Answering this question is not easy and will require much continued research across the multiple disciplines of cognitive science. Here, we focus on a related and more circumscribed question from the perspective of artificial intelligence (AI): If you have an intelligent agent that uses visual imagery-based knowledge representations and reasoning operations, then what kinds of problem solving might be possible, and how would such problem solving work? We highlight recent progress in AI toward answering these questions in the domain of visuospatial reasoning, looking at a case study of how imagery-based artificial agents can solve visuospatial intelligence tests. In particular, we first examine several variations of imagery-based knowledge representations and problem-solving strategies that are sufficient for solving problems from the Raven’s Progressive Matrices intelligence test. We then look at how artificial agents, instead of being designed manually by AI researchers, might learn portions of their own knowledge and reasoning procedures from experience, including learning visuospatial domain knowledge, learning and generalizing problem-solving strategies, and learning the actual definition of the task in the first place.

Assessing Problem Solving in Technology-Rich Environments

2016 ◽  
pp. 706-724
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Rouet ◽  
Zsofia Vörös ◽  
Matthias von Davier
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Studies

The spread of digital information system has promoted new ways of performing activities, whereby laypersons make use of computer applications in order to achieve their goal through the use of problem solving strategies. These new forms of problem solving rely on a range of skills whose accurate assessment is key to the development of postindustrial economies. In this chapter, we outline a definition of problem solving in technology-rich environment drawn from the OECD PIAAC survey of adult skills. Then we review research studies aimed at defining and using online indicators of PS-TRE proficiency. Finally, we present a case study of one item that was part of the PIAAC PS-TRE assessment.

Inverting the Remedial Mathematics Classroom with Alternative Assessment

2011 ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Victor W. Brunsden
Keyword(s):  
College Student ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Mathematics Classroom ◽  
Remedial Mathematics ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Lecture Format

The author present a case-study of a classroom technique that allows assessment and some remediation of several shortcomings of college student skills in mathematics, particularly problem solving. Students are required to write their own notes for class and hand them in at the end for credit. Instead of a traditional lecture format, the first part of class is used to do examples of problems, creating an opportunity to model problem solving strategies for the class. Students then are separated into groups to work on individualized homework sets delivered via WeBWorK and group projects. Although problem sets are individualized, the problem types are the same from student to student, and the groups work on problems from all students in the group. Several issues of implementation are identified. Also discussed are alternative implementations of parts of the strategy, and possible extensions of the strategy to other courses that aren’t based on problem-solving.

scholarly journals A case study exploring students’ problem-solving strategies in a PBL chemistry task

2016 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Orla Kelly ◽  
James Lovatt
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies

This paper shares the initial results of a small-scale research study which aimed to investigate the problem solving processes Year 1 undergraduate science students used while undertaking problem-based learning tasks in the chemistry laboratory. A qualitative case study, combining observation and semi-structured interviews, was used to explore learners’ experience of the problem-based learning (PBL) task. The literature on problem solving processes of experts generally places importance on domain specific knowledge, developed through experience, for the expert. This is of particular relevance to this study since the students have a range of different prior experiences in the ‘chemistry’ and ‘experimental/practical’ domains. Overall, it was shown that students revealed novice-like problem solving strategies and surface approaches to learning. However, one group revealed more expert-like characteristics, coupled with a deep approach, with this group successfully solving the problem. One implication of this study is that we need to be more aware of the learning approaches of our students, as well as their subject knowledge, as they enter into higher education through careful scaffolding of such problem-based task.

scholarly journals Equations and Formulas as Problem Solving Strategies Frequently Used by Students in Solving Math Problems

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador A. Loria Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Math Problems

Problem solving is the core and primary objective of mathematics teaching. This study aimed to describe the problem solving abilities of sophomore engineering students of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) through the use of case study type, qualitative research method. Results showed that in terms of the ability to identify goals in a problem, the process of problem solving, and the skills of students in problem solving, the respondents showed a satisfactory performance. The most common method used by the respondents in problem solving was the use of equations or formulas, while the least preferred methods were the strategy of working backward and logical reasoning. The respondents displayed difficulty in answering problems in motion, geometry and set operation while the problems about sequence, rate, age, money/investment, combination, time were found easy to solve. Teachers and educators of mathematics are advised to develop instructional materials and activities that will equally address the three different context of problem solving, namely, goal of the problem, process in problem solving, and problem solving skills of students. Keywords - Mathematics Education, problem solving, abilities, goal, process, skill, qualitative method, Nueva Ecija, Philippines.

Soft Skills among Students: A Case Study of UiTM Cawangan Kelantan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faizal Samat ◽  
Norazlan Annual ◽  
Raznee Atisya Md Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Education System ◽  
Communication Skill ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Leadership Skill ◽  
Quality In Education

This article contributes to ongoing debates about soft skills among students. In 2017, the unemployment rate in Malaysia was at 3.42 percent as compared to 2.85 percent in 2014. Education system must aim towards employability and ensure quality in education to reduce the percentage of unemployment. Thus, this study aims to investigate the development of soft skills among students through co-curriculum activities in UiTM Cawangan Kelantan. The sample were 113 students from UiTM Cawangan Kelantan. Questionnaires adapted from previous research to measure the communication skill, problem solving skill, team building skill, leadership skill and soft development of soft skills among students through co-curriculum activities. SEM-PLS 3.0 were employed in this study. The findings revealed only team building skill has significant influence on developments of soft skills among students through co-curriculum activities. However, the study indicates that communication skill, problem solving skill and leadership skill are not significant towards development of soft skills among students through cocurriculum activities.

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