Of Goose in Gascony: The Making of Confit in Centuries Past

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Edward Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Way

From this translation of a French treatise on the Gascon way to preserve geese, ducks, other poultry and their fat, we learn how to house, fatten and butcher these birds, how to render their fat, how to prepare confit, how to store it and how to use it. To anyone familiar with the way confit is made today, few of the instructions will seem surprising; setting aside the technology to which it refers, this text provides a perfectly valid guide to confit-making in the twenty-first century. What is surprising, though, is that (in the view of the curator of the museum that owns the manuscript) this is a nineteenth-century copy of an eighteenth-century text, reflecting an if-it-ain't-broke attitude that may be instructive in these fix-it-anyway times.

scholarly journals Robert Burns and the Re-making of National Memory in Contemporary Scotland

Authorship ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Dougal
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
First Century ◽  
National Memory ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Selling Point ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Iconic Figure

Robert Burns, the eighteenth-century Scottish poet and song writer, continues to maintain a substantial cultural ‘afterlife’ in the twenty first century, both within Scotland and beyond. Achieving cult status in the nineteenth century, the power of Burns as a popular cultural icon remains undiminished. Where the appropriation of Burns as national icon in the nineteenth century was made manifest in statuary, commemorative objects, and painted portraits, the twenty-first century has been marked by the proliferation of the image of Burns in new forms and  technologies, with Burns as product and brand logo, museum and heritage attraction, and tourism industry selling point. This recent flourishing of interest and engagement raises questions about why and how an eighteenth-century poet continues to be the object of such extensive cultural elaboration at this time. In approaching this question, some fruitful lines of enquiry are being suggested in recent discussions that have looked at the nineteenth-century Burns as a ‘mobilizing agent in collective memory production’ (Rigney 2011, 81). One such appraisal points to how the construction of Burns in the nineteenth century as an iconic figure of Scottish cultural memory has the potential to ‘be resignified as necessary in subsequent chronological and geographical sites’ (Davis 2010, 14). It is this potential for the resignification of Burns as a symbolic site for the nation’s memory that this paper explores. In pointing to Burns’ representation in a variety of popular forms and in public discourse, the paper examines how a writer comes to be invested and reinvested as the voice and persona of the nation.

Xenia the Servant of God, or Andrey Fyodorovich the Holy Fool

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Dmitry Bulgakovsky ◽  
Nick Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Holy Fool ◽  
Gender Transformation ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The One

Abstract Xenia the Servant of God, or Andrey Fyodorovich the Holy Fool is a hagiography written by Russian Orthodox priest and publicist Dmitry Bulgakovsy (1843–ca. 1918). Published in Russia in 1890, it is one of the first full accounts of the life of a saint variably referred to by two names: one feminine, Xenia, and the other masculine, Andrey. The saint ostensibly lived in St. Petersburg in the eighteenth century. Identified female at birth and named Xenia, after the death of their husband Andrey, at the age of twenty-six the saint took on the identity of their deceased husband. The saint is popular in Russia today, and stories about their life are disseminated widely. Although they were canonized in 1988 as St. Xenia and are now venerated as a holy woman, accounts of their life always include the story of their gender transformation. In twenty-first-century narratives, this episode tends to be glossed over briefly as proof of the saint's extraordinary love for their husband, serving to embellish their role as a devoted wife. However, in the original nineteenth-century stories of the saint's life—such as the one translated below—there is greater ambiguity in the depiction of their gender.

Listening to Bach

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
First Century ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
New Words ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Way

Modern audiences can learn to listen to Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor BWV 232 and Christmas Oratorio BWV 248 in ways that reflect eighteenth-century sensibilities and that recognize our place in the tradition of the works’ performance and interpretation. The sacred music of Bach’s time recognized both old and new styles. In the Mass in B Minor, Bach contrasts, combines, and reconciles them to make a musical point. Listeners can also learn to hear musical types and musical topics that were significant in the eighteenth century, including sleep arias, love duets, and secular choral arias, and how Bach put these types to use. A sensitivity to musical style also offers ways to listen to and think about music created by parody—the reuse of music with new words—like almost all of the Mass in B Minor and most of the Christmas Oratorio. Parody, though interesting, is almost never audible and is of little consequence compared with what listening tells us about a piece. Modern performances are stamped with audible consequences of our place in the twenty-first century. The ideological choices we make in performing the Mass and the Oratorio, the present-day way of performing the Christmas work in relation to the calendar, and the legacy of reception and interpretation have all affected the way his music is understood and heard today.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Drone Warfare ◽  
The Military ◽  
De Gaulle

A brief epilogue examines further continuities in the legacy of the Military Enlightenment from broader global and chronological standpoints. From Clausewitz to De Gaulle to Chomsky and from nineteenth-century colonial conquest to twenty-first century drone warfare, it traces forward the themes of the book and illustrates that the paradoxes of the Military Enlightenment are as significant today as they were in the eighteenth century. The book closes by insisting upon the necessity of both humanitarian law and the empathetic behavior of individuals, combatants and civilians alike, for success in setting limits on the devastations of war.

Inventing Disaster

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Kierner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Science Information ◽  
The Way

When hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, and other disasters strike, we count our losses, search for causes, commiserate with victims, and initiate relief efforts. Amply illustrated and expansively researched, Inventing Disaster explains the origins and development of this predictable, even ritualized, culture of calamity over three centuries, exploring its roots in the revolutions in science, information, and emotion that were part of the Age of Enlightenment in Europe and America. Beginning with the collapse of the early seventeenth-century Jamestown colony, ending with the deadly Johnstown flood of 1889, and highlighting fires, epidemics, earthquakes, and exploding steamboats along the way, Cynthia A. Kierner tells horrific stories of culturally significant calamities and their victims and charts efforts to explain, prevent, and relieve disaster-related losses. Although how we interpret and respond to disasters has changed in some ways since the nineteenth century, Kierner demonstrates that, for better or worse, the intellectual, economic, and political environments of earlier eras forged our own twenty-first-century approach to disaster, shaping the stories we tell, the precautions we ponder, and the remedies we prescribe for disaster-ravaged communities.

BACK FROM THE GRAVE: MARC FUMAROLI'S CHATEAUBRIAND

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-431
Author(s):  
JEREMY D. POPKIN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North American ◽  
First Century ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Bourbon Restoration ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Medieval Christianity

Marc Fumaroli, Chateaubriand: Poésie et terreur (Paris: Fallois, 2003)Has the time come to revive François-René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848), author of Atala and René, the novels that defined romanticism in France and, above all, of the immense Mémoires d'outre-tombe (“Memoirs from beyond the grave”), perhaps the most ambitious of all French autobiographical projects? What does an eighteenth-century provincial nobleman's son, author of fanciful tales of encounters with North American “noble savages,” apologist for medieval Christianity, and unsuccessful proponent of a Bourbon restoration after 1815, have to say to twenty-first-century readers? The first important study of Chateaubriand's career, the nineteenth-century literary critic Sainte-Beuve's Chateaubriand et son groupe littéraire sous l'Empire, written in 1849, firmly assigned the great romantic author to an earlier phase of French letters. Commenting on the just-published posthumous Mémoires, Sainte-Beuve admitted that the work revealed Chateaubriand's “immense talent as a writer,” but damned the work by saying that “he reveals himself in all his egotistical nakedness.” The distinguished French literary scholar Marc Fumaroli has now set out to reverse these verdicts on the man and the Mémoires.

Romanticism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Coeckelbergh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
1960S And 1970S

In chapter 2 historical Romanticism is outlined as it emerged and thrived in Germany, Britain, and France around 1800 and as it reached deep into the nineteenth century. The works and lives of Rousseau, Novalis, Morris, and others are discussed for this purpose. Moreover, he social and political side of Romanticism (Ruskin, Morris, and Marx) and romantic Gothic are discussed. Historical Romanticism is then linked to romanticism more broadly defined. The author argues that in many ways romanticism still persists today and that there is a line to be drawn start from Rousseau in the late eighteenth century to twentieth century counterculture and beyond. Even in the early twenty-first century forms of subjectivity are very much shaped by Romanticism - mainly in the form of our heritage from 1960s and 1970s romantic counterculture.

scholarly journals The Life of The Life of David Brainerd: Agency, Evangelicalism, and Book History

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Snead
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Book History ◽  
First Century ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
John Wesley ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Material Texts ◽  
Editorial Practices

This article describes the editorial practices that Jonathan Edwards and John Wesley brought to their respective editions of The Life of David Brainerd, explains how those practices were informed by their opposing theological stances towards salvation, and traces the circulation and reception of each edition back to those theological stances. Finally, the article invokes classic models of the methodology of book history and recent work on the circulation of nineteenth-century evangelical publications, arguing that an understanding of the kind of theological editing eighteenth-century figures like Edwards and Wesley took can better help us to articulate nineteenth- and twentieth- (and twenty-first) century attitudes and assumptions about agency and material texts.

THE PRESUMPTIONS IN FAVOUR OF MARRIAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-398
Author(s):  
Rebecca Probert
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Twenty First Century

AbstractEighteenth-century courts needed to rely on presumptions in favour of marriage for a number of reasons, some practical and some legal, but the misleading reporting of one leading nineteenth-century case, followed by institutional changes and a stronger focus on precedent, led to the original evidential assumptions being obscured. A further blurring of the different strands of the presumption occurred in the twenty-first century, leading to confusion in recent cases. Understanding how the much-misunderstood presumptions have developed reveals why they were needed, when they became decoupled from their evidential underpinnings, and how, when and why they should operate today.

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